必修2Unit 3Computers李仕才一、閱讀理解If you want to slow aging, you might want to eat less. This finding is good news-if you were a mouse. The researchers studied mice, not people.John Price and other researchers studied two groups of mice. One group was able to eat as much as it wanted. The researchers limited what the mice in the other group ate. Their diet had 35 percent fewer calories than the first group of mice.Price says the mice with the diet restrictions were “more energetic and suffered fewer disease.” They were not just living longer but seemed to stay younger for a longer period of time.The researchers found that fewer calories slow down a natural mechanism in cells called ribosomes. Price explains that ribosomes are responsible for making important proteins in the cells. But with fewer calories, they slow down. This gives the cells more time to repair themselves.The researchers say ribosomes use from 10 to 20 percent of the cells energy to make those proteins. Price wrote that “because of this, it is impractical to destroy an entire ribosome” when it starts to break down. However, “repairing individual parts of the ribosome on a regular basis enables ribosomes to continue producing high quality proteins for longer than they would otherwise. This top quality production, in turn, keeps cells and the entire body functioning well.”Price said, “ribosome is a very complex machine, like a car.” They need “maintenance to replace the parts that wear out the fastest. When tires wear out,” he explained, “you dont throw the whole car away and buy a new one. It costs less to replace the old tires.”“Food,” he said, “isnt just material to be burned-its a signal that tells our body and cells how to respond.” Price said the findings help to explain how exactly our bodies age. And this may “help us make more educated decisions about what we eat.”1.What can we know about the mice with limited calories from the study?A. They can keep healthy easilyB. They need more energy to be activeC. They can look younger than they areD. They will live a longer life like humans2.What will happen to ribosomes if there are fewer calories?A. They will completely break downB. They make proteins in the cells slowlyC. They will produce high quality proteins moreD. They may need more time to repair themselves3.Price explained the ribosomes role of repairing themselves by _.A. telling a storyB. listing basic dataC. making comparisonsD. experimenting on mice4.What does the text mainly deal with?A. Food decides how long you liveB. Can you slow down your aging process?C. Eating less may help you live longerD. Should your diet be reduced for your health?【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。通過研究實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)：吃的少會使你長壽。1.A 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中The researchers limited what the mice in the other group ate. Their diet had 35 percent fewer calories than the first group of mice.的提示可知他們能夠很容易保持健康，故選A。2.B 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中The researchers found that fewer calories slow down a natural mechanism in cells called ribosomes.的提示可知它們會在細(xì)胞中緩慢地產(chǎn)生蛋白質(zhì)，故選B。4.C 【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段首句If you want to slow aging, you might want to eat less. This finding is good news的提示可知這片名文章的主旨是吃的少會使你長壽，故選C。 二、完形填空When your child is supposed to be doing homework, are they chatting with their friends on Facebook or playing games? Many studies have shown that multitasking doesn't _1_， _2_ you child is probably proudly claiming they can do ten things _3_！ Many people believe that they can _4_ two or more tasks at the same time, but Dr. Edward Hallowell says this is _5_. The reality is that multitasking _6_ poor job performance.New hand­help _7_ such as smartphones, iPads, games and social networking sites make it very easy to multitask and _8_ attention leading to difficulty focusing on the task _9_， such as listening in the classroom or doing homework. “_10_， the brain actually _11_ kids for multitasking even though your child's performance on every task gets worse and worse. Kids don't know that they are doing _12_ because they feel better when they multitask，” says Dr. Edward Hallowell._13_ the appearance of hand­held devices and social networking sites, teachers have noticed a difference in _14_ performance, critical thinking skills and how information is _15_. “Multitasking prevents people from gaining a deep understanding of the information they are trying to learn，” says Dr. Edward Hallowell. Kids have a difficult time sticking with a “difficult to understand” topic and _16_ to allow themselves to be distracted (注意力分散的), to tune out and switch _17_ to Facebook or using their cell phones _18_ working harder at understanding a difficult subject or problem. In the long _19_， multitasking affects grades. One study shows that kids that use the Internet while in class do _20_ on tests, resulting in lower grades.1A.play BunderstandCuse Dwork2A.only if Beven thoughCso that Dno wonder3A.at once Bright awayCin no time Dat random4A.advocate BdealCperform Dprefer5A.impossible BimportantCimpatient Dimpolite6A.results in Bresults fromCexists in Dexists from7A.designs BdiscoveriesCequipment Devidence8A.attract BdrawCpay Dshare9A.at hand Bon timeCon schedule Dat times10A.Uncertainly BUnfortunatelyCUniversally DUndoubtedly11A.remains BrewardsCregards Dreflects12A.better BwellCbad Dworse13A.Since BBeforeCWhen DWhile14A.accidental BaccurateCaccessible Dacademic15A.produced BprocessedCpossessed Dpromoted16A.tend BattendCintend Dpretend17A.out BonCoff Dover18A.except for Brather thanCmore than Dapart from19A.run BwalkCjourney Ddistance20A.hardly BsuccessfullyCpoorly Dmildly【解題導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了孩子們同時(shí)做多項(xiàng)任務(wù)對學(xué)業(yè)所造成的負(fù)面影響。1D根據(jù)下文中的“The reality is that multi­tasking _6_ poor job performance”可推知，一次做很多事情并沒有什么效果，work“奏效，起作用”。2B根據(jù)語境可知，空處上下句之間存在邏輯上的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，even though“即使，盡管”，符合語境。3A根據(jù)下文中的“Many people believe that they can _4_ two or more tasks at the same time”可知，孩子們會聲稱能同時(shí)做十件事情。at once“一起，同時(shí)”。4C根據(jù)語境可知，許多人相信他們可以同時(shí)做兩件或是更多事情。perform“做，執(zhí)行，履行”。5A根據(jù)下文中的“poor job performance”可知，Dr. Edward Hallowell認(rèn)為同時(shí)做多個(gè)任務(wù)是不可能的。故A項(xiàng)正確。6A根據(jù)語境尤其是“poor job performance”可推知，同時(shí)做多項(xiàng)任務(wù)的結(jié)果很不好。result in“導(dǎo)致，造成”。7C根據(jù)空后的“smartphones, iPads”可知，此處表示新的便攜式裝備，故C項(xiàng)正確。下文13空后的“hand­held devices”也是信息提示。8D根據(jù)下文中的“l(fā)eading to difficulty focusing on the task”可推知，多任務(wù)容易分散注意力。share“共享，共用”。9A根據(jù)空后的“such as listening in the classroom or doing homework”可知，這些都是手頭要做的事。at hand“在手邊”。10B根據(jù)第一段最后兩句可知，Dr. Edward Hallowell并不贊成多任務(wù)行為，因此當(dāng)大腦給這種行為以肯定或鼓勵時(shí)，他認(rèn)為是不幸的。11B根據(jù)空后的“even though”可知，空處與worse形成對比，由此可推知大腦反而鼓勵這種多任務(wù)行為。reward“獎賞，報(bào)答”。12D根據(jù)上文中的“gets worse and worse”和空后的“because they feel better when they multitask”可知，孩子們并不知道自己變得更糟糕。13A結(jié)合空后現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的運(yùn)用可知，此處應(yīng)用連詞since“自從之后”引導(dǎo)狀語從句。14D根據(jù)上文的“teachers”可推知，老師們注意到學(xué)生們在學(xué)業(yè)上的差異。academic“學(xué)術(shù)的”。15B根據(jù)下文中的“Multitasking prevents people from gaining a deep understanding of the information they are trying to learn”可知，這些便攜式工具的出現(xiàn)改變了學(xué)生處理信息的方式。process“處理”。16A根據(jù)空前的“Kids have a difficult time sticking with a difficult to understand topic”可知，孩子們很難堅(jiān)持一個(gè)理解起來有困難的話題，他們的注意力往往會分散。tend to do sth.“往往會做某事”。17D根據(jù)語境可知，既然注意力分散了，孩子們就有可能轉(zhuǎn)而關(guān)注學(xué)習(xí)之外的東西。switch over to“轉(zhuǎn)向”。18B根據(jù)語境可知，孩子們?nèi)ネ媸謾C(jī)或Facebook，而不是更努力地學(xué)習(xí)。rather than“而不是”。19Ain the long run為固定短語，意為“從長遠(yuǎn)來看”，符合語境。20C根據(jù)空后的“resulting in lower grades”可知，在課堂上上網(wǎng)的孩子考試成績差。三、七選五Shortness of breath has many different causes，and the treatment of it is specific for each cause._1_ There are, however，some following first aid steps you can use to treat it，at least until the ambulance arrives or you're able to get the victim to a hospital._2_ The more energy you spend，the more oxygen you use and the more short of breath you feel.Think about a good workout at the gym.Exercise hard enough and you will feel short of breath.The cure？Take a break.Let the victim sit，stand or lie where's the most comfortable.There're lots of myths about how some body positions supposedly provide more airflow.Coaches regularly tell players to hold their arms above their heads to maximize chest expansion.Nursing staff assume the “tripod position” is the best position._3_.Use oxygen.This is a special case used only for people with chronic lung problems.If the victim has oxygen available, this is what it's for._4_ The victim may have been told by his or her doctor that too much oxygen for too long might cause more problems.Assure the victim that sudden increases in shortness of breath are the instances in which oxygen is needed most.Treat the cause of shortness of breath._5_ Asthma patients，for example，often have multiple tools and drugs to fix sudden shortness of breath.Victims of lung infections may need to see a doctor and heart attack victims may need an ambulance.AHave the victim rest.BTake more exercise at the gym.CThe victim should use his or her oxygen as directed by a doctor.DThere're many causes of shortness of breath and many of them are treatable.EThe victim can try to avoid making use of his or her oxygen whenever possible.FEvery person is different，however，so let the victim decide what position is the most comfortable.GIn many cases，the only way to treat shortness of breath is to call 911 or take the victim to a doctor.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要講述了呼吸困難的發(fā)生有很多原因，同時(shí)提出了四種急救方法。1G本段主要講呼吸困難有很多原因，治療呼吸困難有不同的方法，因此空處應(yīng)講治療呼吸困難的一般方法，且與下文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選G。2A根據(jù)本段中的“The cure？Take a break”可知，本段主要講讓患者休息這種方法，故選A。3F根據(jù)第三段的主題句可知，此處表示每個(gè)人感覺舒服的方式都不同，所以空處應(yīng)講讓病人決定最舒服的姿勢，故選F。4C根據(jù)本段的主題句可以判斷此處指要使用氧氣，故選C。5D根據(jù)空處上下文可以判斷，此處表示呼吸困難有很多原因，但是可以治療的，故選D。四、短文改錯I have met many teachers since I begin my schooling.Of all my teachers，Mrs.Green is the one who impresses me most.Though she is 50，she looks very young at her age.Comparing with other teachers，Mrs.Green pays more attention to her way of teaching.She tries various ways to make her class lively and interestingly.In her opinion，we will not only know “what” but also understand “why”. So instead of giving us answer immediately，she encourages us to think carefully every time when she puts forward questions.With her help, we have learned how to analyze and settled problems.What the amazing world of “why” she leads us! She is such a learned person that we all admire him very much.【答案】I have met many teachers since I my schooling.Of all my teachers，Mrs.Green is the one who impresses me most.Though she is 50，she looks very young her age. with other teachers，Mrs.Green pays more attention to her way of teaching.She tries various ways to make her class lively and .In her opinion，we will not only know “what” but also understand “why”. So instead of giving us immediately，she encourages us to think carefully every time she puts forward questions.With her help, we have learned how to analyze and problems.What amazing world of “why” she leads us ! She is such a learned person that we all admire very much. 8