2022年高考英語(yǔ)一輪 語(yǔ)法專題15 介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)01 譯林牛津版高考預(yù)練單項(xiàng)選擇-易錯(cuò)模塊1The disc，digitally_in the studio，sounded fantastic at the party that night.ArecordedBrecordingCto be recorded Dhaving recorded解析：選A。由語(yǔ)境可知，所選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該在句中作定語(yǔ)，且表示被動(dòng)和完成，故選擇A。2Dont use words，expressions or phrases_only to people with specific knowledge.Abeing known Bhaving being knownCto be known Dknown解析：選D。這里是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句which are known.，故用過(guò)去分詞。3The Town Hall _in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time.Ato be pleted Bhaving been pletedCpleted Dbeing pleted解析：選C。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，所選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該在句中作定語(yǔ)，且表示被動(dòng)和完成，故用過(guò)去分詞。B項(xiàng)，現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式不能作定語(yǔ)；A項(xiàng)，不定式表將來(lái)；D項(xiàng)，現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，均不符合題意。4“Things _never e again！”I couldnt help talking to myself.Alost BlosingCto lose Dhaving lost解析：選A。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，所選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該在句中作定語(yǔ)，排除D；lose與邏輯主語(yǔ)things是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞。5Five people won the “Chinas Green Figure”award，a title _to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection.Abeing given Bis givenCgiven Dwas given解析： 選C。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，空格處為定語(yǔ)修飾a title，排除B、D；give與title之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，表示一般情況，不表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，故用過(guò)去分詞充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)。高考鏈接單項(xiàng)選擇1Was it at the end of the exploration _ you discovered the evidence _ the monsters used to exist in the lake?Awhich；whichBthat；thatCwhere；that Dthat；which解析：選B。考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型和名詞性從句。前面的that屬于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的連詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的狀語(yǔ)at the end of the exploration。后面的that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句，表示evidence的具體內(nèi)容。2This result shows that people prefer faces _ appear to them and _ attraction is not simply about physical beauty.I cant agree more.Athat；that Bwhich；whichCwhat；what Dthat；which解析：選A。考查從句在具體語(yǔ)境中的用法。第一空的that為關(guān)系代詞，修飾先行詞faces，在從句中作主語(yǔ)；第二空的that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，與and前面的“that people prefer faces”這個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句并列，共同作shows的賓語(yǔ)。3I have learned from my bitter experience _we dont know _ weve got until its gone.Athat；that Bwhat；whatCthat；what Dwhich；that解析：選C?？疾槊~性從句。第一空后為learned的賓語(yǔ)從句，句子成分完整，應(yīng)填連接詞that；第二空后為know的賓語(yǔ)從句，weve got后面缺少賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)填what。4The question was put forward at the meeting _ we had enough money for our research.Athat BwhatCwhich Dwhether解析：選D?？疾槊~性從句。同位語(yǔ)從句whether we had enough money for our research是question的具體內(nèi)容。介詞是一種虛詞(前置詞)，用來(lái)表示在句中與名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞之間的關(guān)系，不能單獨(dú)使用。介詞可與名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)，介詞短語(yǔ)可在句中作定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。在高考試題中對(duì)介詞的考查主要集中在常見(jiàn)介詞的基本用法及其搭配上，對(duì)介詞短語(yǔ)的考查主要側(cè)重其辨析?？键c(diǎn)一表示時(shí)間和日期的介詞1in用在表示年、季節(jié)、月份、周，或泛指上午、下午或晚上的名詞前；on用在表示某一天，某一天的上午、下午或晚上的名詞前；at用在表示某一時(shí)刻或時(shí)間上的某一點(diǎn)的詞前。We will have a meeting at 8 o'clock in the morning on Sunday.2for后接“一段時(shí)間”，表示某事持續(xù)多久，多與完成時(shí)連用；during表示“在期間”；through表示“一直，自始至終”。She has been ill for several days.I went to France during the summer holiday.They worked hard through the winter.3from，sincefrom表示時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)，意為“從”，多用于“from.to/till.”中；since表示“自從以來(lái)”。I have been waiting here from morning till noon.We have been friends since we first met.注意：for和since都常與完成時(shí)連用，但for接時(shí)間段，since接時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如for two hours（持續(xù)）兩小時(shí)；since last week從上周直到現(xiàn)在。4before，by，till，untilbefore指“在之前”，與after相對(duì)。by指“不遲于，到時(shí)為止，在以前”，by后接過(guò)去時(shí)間，常與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用；by后接將來(lái)時(shí)間，常與將來(lái)完成時(shí)連用。till（until）“直到為止”，在肯定句中，till/until必須與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用；在否定句中，till/until常與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用。Please e before ten o'clock.You must wait for him till tomorrow.5after，inin一段時(shí)間：表示以說(shuō)話時(shí)為起點(diǎn)一段時(shí)間之后，與一般將來(lái)時(shí)連用；但表示“在之內(nèi)”時(shí)，用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。after一段時(shí)間表示：“在之后”，用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)；但時(shí)間為點(diǎn)時(shí)間時(shí)，只能用after，即after點(diǎn)時(shí)間，用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。I'll arrive in an hour after 3：00 pm.考點(diǎn)二表示方位的介詞1on意為“在的上面”；over意為“在（垂直）的正上方”；above意為“在（不一定垂直）的上方”；under意為“在（垂直的）正下方”；below意為“在（不一定垂直）的下方”；near意為“在附近”；next to意為“緊挨著”；round/around意為“在周圍”；by意為“在旁邊”；along表示沿著街、路、河岸等；across主要表示從某物的表面“橫過(guò)”，涉及“面”的概念；past意為“從旁經(jīng)過(guò)”；up表示向上，由南到北，由西到東，由沿海到內(nèi)陸，由小地方到大地方，由農(nóng)村到城市，反之則用down；through指從某物的內(nèi)部“穿過(guò)”；over指“越過(guò)”某一障礙物；Pipes carry oil across the desert.It took us ten minutes to drive through the tunnel.2表示兩者的位置關(guān)系時(shí)，in表示“在同一區(qū)域內(nèi)或同一范圍內(nèi)”；on表示“接壤，相鄰”；to表示“相離，相隔”，兩者不屬同一范圍，也不接壤。 Mongolia is/lies on the north of China.考點(diǎn)三表示計(jì)量的介詞1at表示“以速度，以價(jià)格”。I sold my car at a low price.2for表示“用交換，以為代價(jià)”。He sold his car for 500 dollars.他以五百美元把車賣了。注意：at表示單價(jià)（price），for表示總錢數(shù)。3by表示“按計(jì)算”，后跟度量單位。加具體單位前用定冠詞the，加具體度量名詞時(shí)該名詞前不加冠詞。They are paid by the day.考點(diǎn)四表示行為的工具、手段或者方式的介詞1by表示用某種方式，多用于交通。如by bus乘公共汽車，by e­mail通過(guò)電子郵件。注意：表示搭乘交通工具時(shí)，用by時(shí)，名詞前不加冠詞；用in時(shí)，名詞前要加冠詞。請(qǐng)比較：I went there by bus/in a car.2with表示“用某種具體工具，身體的某部分或是器官”。We speak with our mouths.注意：with表示用某種工具時(shí)，名詞前必須用冠詞或物主代詞。3 in表示用某種材料或語(yǔ)言。Please speak in English and write in ink.4through表示“以（方法、手段），經(jīng)由”，后面多接抽象名詞。You can only achieve success through hard work.考點(diǎn)五表示“除之外”的介詞besides表示包含，“除之外還有”。except表示排除，“除之外”，指整體里面排除部分，后面可接代詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句，也可接（省略to的）動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、基數(shù)詞，還可接that或wh­ 從句。but表示排除，多與nobody，none，no one，nothing，anything，everyone，all，who等連用，其后可以接不定式；except for表示“除之外”，常在說(shuō)明基本情況后，從細(xì)節(jié)上加以修正。apart from表示“此外，除之外”，相當(dāng)于besides/as well as；表示“撇開(kāi)來(lái)說(shuō)，除去”，相當(dāng)于except for；in addition to表示“除之外還有”，相當(dāng)于besides。Apart from going shopping，the old lady likes walking after dinner except when it rains.Beijing is a beautiful city，except for its traffic.除了交通之外，北京是一個(gè)漂亮的城市。考點(diǎn)六介詞after與behind的區(qū)別兩者均可表示“在之后”，其區(qū)別是：1after 主要用于時(shí)間或次序，behind 主要用于位置。Mary came after you.瑪麗在你之后到的。The hospital is behind the post office.醫(yī)院在郵局后面。注：behind 有時(shí)也用于時(shí)間，表示“遲于”，主要用于behind time（遲，晚）這一短語(yǔ)。The plane was 30 minutes behind time.飛機(jī)晚點(diǎn)30分鐘。2兩者都可用于引申義，after 側(cè)重指追求、尋找、模仿等；而behind 則側(cè)重指在背后、支持、落后等。如：He ran after her with the book.他拿著那本書(shū)在后面追趕她。We are behind you pletely.我們完全支持你。He is behind the others in maths.他的數(shù)學(xué)不如別人?？键c(diǎn)七表示原因的幾個(gè)介詞1for表示原因，常與sorry，famous，punish，praise，thank，blame等詞連用。如：I am sorry for what I said just now.2at指情感變化的原因，意為“因聽(tīng)到或看到而”。He was surprised at the bad news.聽(tīng)到這個(gè)壞消息他大吃一驚。3from指“外在的原因”，如受傷、車禍、勞累等。The young man died from an accident.4of指“內(nèi)在的原因”，如疾病、饑餓，年老等。The old man died of hunger.5with指生理上或情感上的由外界到內(nèi)心的原因。He was trembling with cold.6by表示外部的，尤其是暴力的或無(wú)意中造成某種結(jié)果的原因。She took your umbrella by mistake.7because of 表示引起結(jié)果的直接原因。He came late because of illness/because he was ill.8owing to多表示引起某不良后果的原因。Owing to the rain，they did not turn up.9thanks to表示引起某種幸運(yùn)結(jié)果的原因，意為“幸虧，多虧”。Thanks to John，we won the game.10out of表示動(dòng)機(jī)的起因，意為“出于”。He asked the question out of curiosity.考點(diǎn)八against1（表示方向）與方向相反；逆著；迎著；頂著against the wind 迎著風(fēng)；逆著風(fēng) 2（表示方位）緊靠著；倚靠著against the wall 靠著墻 3（表示對(duì)象）對(duì)不利；對(duì)有害；以為競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手；違反；違背fight against同戰(zhàn)斗；against the natural law 違背自然規(guī)律4（表示對(duì)比）和比；和對(duì)照；以為背景against the blue sky 以藍(lán)天為背景考點(diǎn)九beyond1（表示位置）在往另一邊；在往那一邊；在往的更遠(yuǎn)處The house is beyond the bridge.房子在橋那邊。2（表示時(shí)間）遲于；晚于；在之后Don't stay here beyond midnight.待在這里不要超過(guò)午夜。3（表示范圍）超出；非所能及The switch on the wall was beyond the baby's reach.墻上的開(kāi)關(guān)小孩子是夠不到的。4（表示程度）超出的范圍；超過(guò)；對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)太難 The tasks they faced seemed far beyond their ability.他們面臨的任務(wù)似乎遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了他們的能力。5（表示數(shù)目）多于；超過(guò)There weren't beyond twenty people present.出席的人不超過(guò)20個(gè)。考點(diǎn)十常用介詞短語(yǔ)的意義by hand 用手by heart 牢記；憑記憶by means of 借助于；用by mistake 錯(cuò)誤地in a sense從某種意義上說(shuō)in addition 另外in case 假如；以防（萬(wàn)一）免得in mon共同；共有in place在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢胕n practice在實(shí)際中；實(shí)際上in public公開(kāi)地；當(dāng)眾in return作為報(bào)答；作為回報(bào)in spite of 不管；不顧in turn 依次；輪流；反過(guò)來(lái)in terms of 就來(lái)說(shuō)out of order發(fā)生故障；失調(diào)out of place不得其所的；不適當(dāng)?shù)膖o the point切中要害；切題in honor of以紀(jì)念；向表示敬意in favo（u）r of 有利于；贊成；支持on the spot 當(dāng)場(chǎng)；在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)on one's own 獨(dú)自地；獨(dú)立地on purpose故意；有意out of date 過(guò)期（時(shí)）的