Unit 1 1. I planned to be observant and silent so that nobody would notice that I was a freshman. 2. For three days, I ate a mixture of junk food by myself. I got the food from a machine placed outside my dorm as if to meet my needs. 3. It did nt matter whether you were widely liked or not; you did not have to follow other people so as to be accepted by everybody else. 1. I had just the feeling of a newcomer to college without the strength only an experienced student might possess. 2. My apparent confidence 3. Some food to appease my hunger 4. Going with the tide of the majority was no longer crucial to your success in college 5. Foolish and glaring mistakes II.Distress; clutched; pose; sneaked; preoccupation; shackles; curse; deliberation III.Assure; discretion; relaxation; humiliate; strategy; embarrassment; maneuverable; maturity IV.Lived up to; headed for; seek out; has broken out; grope for; trying on; go out to; tipped off V.1.vague/indistinct; 2.carefully/meticulously; 3.self-restraint/self-control; 4.clever/intelligent/sensible; 5.manner/behaviour; 6.excited/agitated; 7.sneak; 8.mature/sophisticated VI.Became popular; respect; keep up; lead to; understand; found;use; startI.Rewrite the following.l 1.My decision to resign was wise.l 2. Their readiness to accept the peace agreement really surprised the diplomatic world.l 3. My determination to pass the test helped me.l 4. Her failure to get into college disappointed her parents.l 5. My willingness to cooperate was appreciated.l 6. His refusal to help surprised me. l 7.The proposal that we should import more equipment is to be discussed at the meeting.l 8. Who can have told you that puzzles me.l III DBCC; ABDB;l IV. 1. I spent the afternoon seeking out each of my classrooms so that I could make a perfectly timed entrance before each lecture.l 2. He wore glassed and a false beard so that nobody would recognize him.l 3. The stranger spoke very slowly so that I could understand what he said.l 4. She locked the door so that she would nt be disturbed.l 5. John whispered so that others could nt hear him.l 6. Please arrive early so that we can start the meeting on time.l 7. John has bought a bicycle so that he may save money on bus travel.l 8. The lecturer showed some slides so that he might illustrated his point.l V.1-5 although/though; yet; however/though; however/nevertheless/though; 5.although/though; still/nevertheless; 6. despite/in spite of; 7. although/though; 8. however; 9. however; 10 despite/in spite of;l 1. It distressed me a great deal to hear the news that he had suffered repeated failures.l 2. He assumed an air of cheerfulness, even though he lost favor with his boss.l 3. Gulliver met with extraordinary adventures and saw a strange assortment of people.l 4. He will be furious with you if you repeat the same mistake.l 5. We were all greatly drawn by his frank views, humorous words and genial manner.l 6. After the thunderous applause die down, the Nobel Prize winner began his speech.l 7. He is gifted with a sort of insight and foresight, so he rarely runs with the crowed.l 8. I feel realities are after all very harsh, so one can hardly live up entirely to his ideals.l III.我上大學(xué)的頭幾天頗為難忘。爸媽駕車離開(kāi)，將我獨(dú)自留在校園里，我手足無(wú)措。不管如何努力裝成熟，我就是擺脫不了大一新生的感覺(jué)。我花了好幾個(gè)小時(shí)，搞清了我選修課程所在地各個(gè)教室。第二天早上，我坐在教室的前排，打開(kāi)美國(guó)文學(xué)選集，抖擻精神準(zhǔn)備聽(tīng)課。但老師卻說(shuō)“歡迎選修生物課”，我意識(shí)到自己坐錯(cuò)了教室。我用鐵一樣的意志，擺出了一副生物專業(yè)學(xué)生的姿態(tài)，一直堅(jiān)持到講座結(jié)束。下課以后，我感到我的胃需要加點(diǎn)營(yíng)養(yǎng)，于是匆匆趕往自助餐廳。但不幸的是，當(dāng)我端著餐盤朝桌子走去時(shí)，腳底一滑，盤子翻倒，我失去了平衡，撲倒在地。好幾天，我倍感羞辱。過(guò)后，我漸漸地意識(shí)到自己把這種微不足道的小事看得過(guò)重了。在大學(xué)里，重要的是做自然的“我”，發(fā)現(xiàn)真正的“我”，而不是試圖把一切做得盡善盡美。l There are generally two educational methods: / the lecture method and the group learning method. / In a lecture classroom, / the teacher dominates the class / by doing most of the talking. / Students listen and take notes. / This method is best at passing on content to students. / It prepares students for a society / that values discipline and self-control. / The problem is that students forget most of the facts / that they have mechanically memorized. / In contrast, / the teacher of a group learning classroom / appears to have no definite role at all, / wandering about from group to group. / Students do not memorise information, / but they actively generate their own ideas, / each contributing insights for the success of the group. / This method prepares students for a society / that values creative ideas. / The disadvantage is that / students have not memorised enough basic facts.l Comes; others; what; going; not; offer; relate; college; not; learnUnit 2 He had dedicated all his time to work and had no hobby at all except that he played a golf game once a month which cant be taken as a hobby anyway. Their daughter said that when they were still small her father had become a company man and her mother had given up every attempt to keep him at home. . Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words. 1. died from self-motivated overwork; 2. most likely, the highest position in the company; 3. with no specific skills wanted by employers;4. trying to discover facts about his father; 5. a person suited by nature for heart-attack .Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word taken from the box in its appropriate form. Survived; grabs; discreetly; deceased; obituary; conceivably; board; classics; executives .windowed; nerves; precisionist; competitiveness; execution; presided; marital; accompanied .died of; stay up; cares for; straightened out; picked out; given up; grabbed at; considered for .1.exactly; 2.immediately; 3.slacker,idler,loafer; 4.outlived; 5.disconcerted,obashed; 6.living; 7.underweight,slim; 8.queue . Explain the underlined phrasal verbs in your own words. disappointed; wait; firmly demanded; read; meant; entered cheerfully; intensifies gradually; became extinct I.1. have been playing/have played;2. has been putting /has put; 3. have pulled; 4. have been waiting; 5. have picked; have grown/have been growing; 6. has been getting/has got; has been rising/has risen; has come; 7. has been; has been looking; has nt found; 8. has failed; has got; II； III. A: have been waiting for; have you been doing; B: have been shopping; have bought; A: met; was waiting; B: speaks; A: has he been learning; A:did you say; ：has been studying, was; ：have you gone; A:are saying; ：isnt, have been walking; IV .1-4 has broken; has been winning; ; has joined; 5-8 have known; ; was looking; have been waiting; V. Even so; yet; however; nevertheless; for example; in contrast; however; also 1.當(dāng)然,就像你想象中的那樣,他每月打一次高爾夫球,他沒(méi)有其他的愛(ài)好. 2.”想了他這么多年了”,她如此在乎的這個(gè)男人,必須放棄她. 3.他是唯一一個(gè)能夠抓住父親的人,嘗試把父親留在家里. 4.在葬禮上,60歲的總裁安慰48歲的遺孀說(shuō),這位51歲的死者對(duì)公司的貢獻(xiàn)巨大,沒(méi)有人可以替代他的位置. 1.My immediate boss is a typical workaholic, for he works for over ten hours each day all the year round. 2. The principal attaches much importance to extracurricular activities and he believes that they will help to cultivate students tremendous interest in the external world. 3. He always grabs a shower, a sandwich and then a taxi to go to work every Monday morning. 4. Since you are learning the company, you should straighten out the accounts within the week. 5. He often stays up late at night in order to finish writing his Ph. D dissertation on time. 6. Nothing can replace the profoundest love in ones heart of hearts. 7. He is considered a natural for the post of the president, for he has been an excellent vice-president for almost ten years.8. He is just too common to be picked out from the crowed III.他是個(gè)經(jīng)典人物，因?yàn)樗枪ぷ骼鬯赖?。他們都相信，假如他能多?年的話，將自然被提拔為第一把手。他一直被譽(yù)為同事們的典范。他一周工作6天，一天工作10多個(gè)小時(shí)。他的興趣只限于工作。當(dāng)然，他偶爾鍛煉一下，以保持身體健康。他將任何形式的娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)都視作浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。他太忙了，沒(méi)有時(shí)間和孩子們待在一起，結(jié)果跟孩子們有點(diǎn)疏遠(yuǎn)了，至少他的孩子們是這么想的。然而，他對(duì)公司來(lái)說(shuō)卻十分重要，公司里每個(gè)人都愛(ài)他，甚至崇拜他，因?yàn)樵谒麄冄劾?，他幾乎完美。但是，誰(shuí)來(lái)幫助這孤兒寡母收拾他去世后的殘局呢？ . Hours; while; less; from; explain; by; late; difference; policies; taking Everyone is under some pressure / in the workplace. / Some external pressures / can be a positive factor, / helping us to be more productive. / Some people actually thrive / under short-term added pressure, / and our bodies are designed to meet these short-term demands. / Hormones are released to prepare us / for a “fight or flight” response / to demanding situations. / However, excessive and prolonged stress / can take its toll, / producing a range of physical and emotional health problems, / which have come to be grouped as “work-related stress”. / The experience of stress is different for every person. / Some people are affected more than others, / so what is stressful for one person / may not be stressful for another. / It can depend on your personality type / and on how you have learned to respond to pressure.Unit 3 1. People in the united states tend to drive for every purpose, so much that they have forgotten that they still have legs and about what their legs can do. 2. I admitted that I have never realized how poorly equipped our bodies are in this respect. 3.maybe I was the only one who had ever attempted to cross that intersection on foot. 1. pleasant/comfortable; practically2.very long; (place of) physical exercises3.was made to realize this4.decided not to have coffee and instead to go(to the bookstore)5.held in mind II.Negotiated; debonair; dodging; notion; compact; contortion; thrive; undertaking III. disagreeable; eccentricity; acquainted; ridicule; triumphal; deficiencies; woefully; contorted IV.Going about; going through; pops out; pace off; pulled up; dug out; stroll up to; habituated to . 1. bustling/exciting; 2.old/time-honored; 3.depressed/downhearted/low-spirited; 4.absurd/ridiculous; 5 indifferent/unconcerned; 6.infuriating/irritating; 7.failure/defeat; 8. again VI.Encountered; cause; agreed to; limited to; idling about; relied on; tolerate; deserted/abandoned I.1-4 had been talking; had been working; had worked; had been applying; 5-8 had broken; had been standing; had swallowed; had been; II.1-4 has been empty; had been working for the company; had been waiting for me for half an hour; had had lunch; 5-8 had left; has been living; had repaired the engine; had told; III L1-L3 . had seen; returned; did nt have; did nt have; had; done; was; did nt have; L4-L6 did; left; had; was; decided; picked; L7-L8 went; slammed; felt; had reminded; L9-L10 had searched; found; remembered; were; IV.1-5 will; shall; should; would; will; 6-10 shall; should; should; would; would; V 1. nowadays; 2. ages ago; 3. lately; just; 4. soon; after a long time; 5. immediately; eventually; 6. once; 7. recently; 8. for weeks; 1. 我?guī)缀趺刻於疾叫械洁]局或圖書(shū)館或書(shū)店，心情特別不錯(cuò)的時(shí)候，路過(guò)咖啡館會(huì)進(jìn)去喝一杯卡布奇諾。 2. 為了避免走路，我們?cè)敢獬惺芊闯５呐で唷?3. 我肯定，他會(huì)慢跑很長(zhǎng)的距離，會(huì)打壁球，會(huì)進(jìn)行各種有益健康的運(yùn)動(dòng)，但我同樣也肯定，他一定是開(kāi)車去那些運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)所的。 4. 當(dāng)時(shí)，這一切顯得多荒唐、多令人惱怒，但過(guò)后我意識(shí)到，我或許是唯一一個(gè)有過(guò)步行穿過(guò)十字路口想法的人。 1. The university is one of the most venerable institutions of higher education in the world. 2. If one is deficient in practical experience, he can hardly make himself a success with only what he has acquired in class. 3. I felt exasperated by constant interruptions, for I had to finish writing the monograph by the end of this week. 4. He feels that it is ludicrous to write about a contemporary topic in an ancient style. 5. The Bund in Shanghai was a place where young couples like to come to coo in the 70s and 80s of the last century. 6. His daughter is very sedate for a girl of about ten, for she likes reading more than playing. 7. The couple strolled hand-in-hand along the country road when the sun in its first splendor steeped the earth. 8. The poet was commonly considered as an eccentric romantic genius when alive. III.大約三年前，我和妻子對(duì)大城市的嘈雜生活感到厭倦，因此，決定在一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)落戶，那里安靜宜人。現(xiàn)在我們的生活很好，因?yàn)檫@地方方便，辦點(diǎn)事步行去就行。我經(jīng)常四處走走，心情好的時(shí)候，在咖啡店歇一下，喝杯飲料，或者在洲際戲院停住腳步，看一場(chǎng)戲。但是，有些人似乎不理解為的怪癖行為。我喜歡盡可能的多走路，這是大部分人所不能理解的，因?yàn)樗麄兲^(guò)于依賴車子了。有時(shí)，幾乎到了荒唐的程度，即便只是10分鐘的路程，他們?nèi)匀幌矚g駕車。有時(shí)，我在獨(dú)自散步，他們會(huì)問(wèn)我是否需要搭車。但我認(rèn)為，車子使腿腳功能退化。在這個(gè)社會(huì)里，多數(shù)人占主導(dǎo)地位。我意識(shí)到，我或許是唯一主張短距離步行的人，這也就是我不時(shí)遇到麻煩的原因。比如：許多商店把門前清理出來(lái)，只容顧客停車，店家關(guān)心的只是商業(yè)成功。 Fill in each blank in the passage below with one word you think appropriate. More; around; free; leave; programs; ease; it; signed; environmental; handing; only ; withUnit 4v 1. Nowadays, people believe that they can have fun whenever they want it, and that they should have fun; otherwise they would be leading a dull and bitter life as a puritan.v 2. We have long assumed that fun was easy to have, but now we are paying a price for that shallow-mindedness, i.e., our party is hardly as much fun as it is intended to be.v I. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.v 1.we should morally too strict with ourselves to enjoy life; 2. that made all other questions less significant; 3. counting fun as the most important quality in life; 4. the best example of having fun; 5. like something more than simple of having funv II. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word taken from the box in the proper form.v 1-4 overshadows; traipse; fetish; flunked; 5-8 swilling; flicked; epitome; licentiousness; v III. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.v Insured; underserved; generosity; benefits; regrettable; mirthful; blasphemy; reverencev IV.Fill in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate phrasal verb or collocation taken from the text.v turn into; occurred to; end up; step up; pay back; look forward to; look for; managed tov V.1. excursion; 2. failing; 3. irreverently; 4. advertisements; 5. quintessence/embodiment; 6. grief/sadness/melancholy; 7. profane; 8. examine/scrutinize;v VI. Explain the underlined phrasal verbs in your own words.v 1-4 drew attention to; represents; fully explain; challenged by; 5-8 support; bored; be well understood; visited;v I.1. Since everybody says Woody Allens latest film is good, I think Ill go and see it.v 2. All of us were very excited because the departure was approaching.v 3. The excitement will be so great that nobody will be able to sleep.v 4. As Mr.Jordan liked Morocco very much when first went there, he wants to go there again.v 5. This album of Bruce Springsteen sounds exciting, so we are thinking of buying it.v 6. My wife coughed a lot last night. As a result, she is thinking of giving up smoking for a while.v 7. Seeing that the students were not interested, Professor Jones ended the seminar.v 8. I feel much better now that Ive talked to you. v II.1.New investment has been made in order that roads can be improved.v 2.Being late, she took a taxi so as not to lose time.v 3.Audiovisual equipment is often used for language learning.v 4.She never walked through the park for fear that she might meet him again.v 5.She decided to move to London so that she could be near her child.v 6.Shell be at the airport in order to meet the new tourist group.v 7.Take your passport in case they ask for identification,v 8.She goes to work by bus to avoid using the car.v III.1. did it all happen; 2. because of; 3. guaranteeing; 4. such a shock; 5. they found him guilty for he had no convincing explanation for his actions. 6. could learn; 7. about that it; 8. in order to/ in order that they could;v IV 1. such that; 2. thus; 3. in that; 4. with; 5. sothat 6. owing to; 7. for; 8. seeing that v V.Para.1 should/would like; have; heard; would; suit; doesnt apply; wont get;v Para.2 saw; had/has; left/leaving; said; was going; promised; found/had found; have heard; dont know; went; v para.3 know; should/would be; would phone; have tried; doesnt seem;v 1.“有趣嗎？”這一問(wèn)題使所有其他問(wèn)題黯然失色，比如:“道德嗎？仁慈嗎？誠(chéng)實(shí)嗎？有益嗎？慷慨嗎？有必要嗎？和（我最喜歡的）無(wú)私嗎？”等一些有意義的問(wèn)題。v 2. 當(dāng)樂(lè)趣成為生活中的主要內(nèi)容時(shí)，隨之而來(lái)必定是對(duì)樂(lè)趣的迷戀崇拜。v 3. 在坐待樂(lè)趣來(lái)臨的時(shí)候，我發(fā)現(xiàn)其實(shí)并沒(méi)有多少樂(lè)趣可言，我得告訴你們這一點(diǎn)，免得你們擔(dān)心自己找樂(lè)子的能力。v 4. 由于我們多年來(lái)總以為樂(lè)趣無(wú)處不在，快樂(lè)之神用拒絕光臨我們聚會(huì)的方式來(lái)對(duì)我們實(shí)施報(bào)復(fù)。v Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.v 1. It goes without saying that Shakespeare overshadows all the other playwrights throughout the ages.v 2. The Great Gatsby is commonly deemed as the epitome of the Jazz Age of the last century in America.v 3. It is advisable for you not to put a damper on his enthusiasm to further his studies at Harvard.v 4.Young people tend to make a fetish of glamorous stars in sports and entertainment circles.v 5. They traipsed all the way to the Peoples Square for the celebrations of the National Day.v 6.He does not deserve such severe punishment as he has committed neither serious errors nor grave crimes.v 7. Every time I met him, he would talk a whole lot of nonsense.v 8.Reputation is a trap into which many people are ready to fall.v III.有人認(rèn)為, 生活中樂(lè)趣勝過(guò)生命中其他一切事情。他們甚至從不考慮任何嚴(yán)肅的事，從來(lái)不對(duì)這種樂(lè)趣是否道德、是否誠(chéng)實(shí)或是否有必要這類問(wèn)題提出疑問(wèn)。當(dāng)然，許多事情確實(shí)有樂(lè)趣。全家郊游有樂(lè)趣，打一場(chǎng)籃球有樂(lè)趣，喝著咖啡聊天有樂(lè)趣。但是，如果你把找樂(lè)子看成是生活中必不可少的東西的話，那么，你必然會(huì)追求越來(lái)越刺激的方法來(lái)從中獲得樂(lè)趣，其中一個(gè)典型的方法是不斷提升冒險(xiǎn)或酗酒的程度，以設(shè)法得到一點(diǎn)樂(lè)趣。你應(yīng)該避免褻瀆樂(lè)趣，否則，過(guò)火的代價(jià)可能會(huì)是，不管你如何努力，就是沒(méi)有樂(lè)趣。所以，正確的方法是帶著一份敬意來(lái)看待樂(lè)趣，這樣，你時(shí)?？梢杂幸稽c(diǎn)新鮮的樂(lè)趣。v Fill in each blank in the passage below with one word you think appropriate.v As; hands; go; up; industries; or; include; on; provide; aimUnit 5 Explain the following sentences. 1.When we start to tell a lie, we have entered a very intricate situations ,as a lie often requires other lies until the whole structure of the lies become so complexthat it ensnares the liar. 2. One is less inhibited from lying; his ability to make moral right and wrong judgements is dulled,and he may become less cautious against being caught. 3.The most understandable and acceptable are those which are told for the sake of love and care at the expense of trust, according to the ethicists. I. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words. 1. very important/shocking/traumatic 2. avoid hurting the others feelings/avoid doing something that would upset the other person; 3. modifying the truth/telling the turth with a favorable emphasis or slant; 4. a course of action which can easily lead to something unacceptable, wrong or disastrous; 5. under any circumstances/whatever might happen; II.supportive; perceived; prevarication; astounded; undermine; faltered; fibs; volunteered. III.unethical; feigned; unsparing; cynical; confoundedly; lubricated; entangled; willfui IV.Fill in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate phrasal verb or collocation taken from the text. Cover up; blurted out; set up; find out; wear/wore down; specializes in; professes to; complimented.on V. 1.evasion/equivocation; 2.chronic/repeated; 3.common/prevalent/omnipresent; 4.slightly; 5.insult/reproach/criticize; 6.distort; 7.growth/multiplication; 8.strengthened/consolidated VI. Explain the underlined phrasal verbs in your own words. Canceled; overcome; follow; fell into; make it more acceptable; feel unhappy about; removed from consideration; reserve for future use Grammar I 1-4 probability; possibility; intention; possibility; 5-8 necessity; possibility; obligation; probability; II CCBAD; BBBAA; III .1.He cant have told us everything. 2. Something must have gone wrong. 3. She cant be only thirty years old. 4. They may not know yet. 5. The road could/may have been closed. 6. The police must know that. 7. There may/could have been a traffic jam. 8. The letter could/may arrive today. 9. That will/must be my mother.10. There should be time to do some shopping IV.1.When in doubt, tell the truth. It will confound your enemies and astound your friends. 2. When heated, metal expands. 3. If true, it will cause us a lot of trouble. 4. Whenever possible, they should be typed. 5. When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 6. Send the goods now, if ready. 7. If necessary, ring me at home. 8.He glanced about as if in search of something.V.1. discussing; having reached; 2. paying; 3. lying; sitting; 4. to pacify; to be pacified; grumbling; 5. repeat; to make; to do; 6. go