Unit 10 Its a nice day, isnt it 教學(xué)資料總匯一、學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：1.掌握英語(yǔ)里反意疑問(wèn)句的用法；2.穩(wěn)固已學(xué)過(guò)的七種時(shí)態(tài)；3.學(xué)會(huì)用英語(yǔ)閑聊。二、學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)：1.反意疑問(wèn)句Tag Question也叫附加疑問(wèn)句，是一種常用于口語(yǔ)的疑問(wèn)句式，主要由“陳述句附加疑問(wèn)構(gòu)成，附加疑問(wèn)局部的動(dòng)詞一般要與陳述局部的動(dòng)詞相對(duì)應(yīng)，附加一聞局部的主語(yǔ)要與陳述局部的主語(yǔ)相對(duì)應(yīng)，如果陳述局部的主語(yǔ)是名詞詞組，那么附加疑問(wèn)局部用相應(yīng)的代詞表示。反意疑問(wèn)句主要有兩類，即“陳述句反意附加疑問(wèn)和“陳述句非反意附加疑問(wèn)。這兩類又可以分為以下四種形式：a. 肯定的陳述句否認(rèn)的附加疑問(wèn)句。例如：That clock is slow, isnt it?b. 否認(rèn)的陳述句肯定的附加疑問(wèn)句。 例如： That clock isnt slow, is it?c. 肯定的陳述句肯定的附加疑問(wèn)句。 例如： That clock is slow, is it?d. 否認(rèn)的陳述句肯定的附加疑問(wèn)句。 例如： That clock isnt slow, isnt it?前兩種形式是主要的，后兩種形式使用場(chǎng)合較少。反意疑問(wèn)句也可由“祈使句附加疑問(wèn)構(gòu)成。例如：Carry this box for me, will you?Remember to buy some meat, wont you?2對(duì)于我們已經(jīng)學(xué)過(guò)的七種時(shí)態(tài)，這里各舉兩例：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：Lily likes going shopping, doesnt she?They arent students, are they?現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：Youre going to the cinema, arent you?She isnt waiting for me, is she?現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：They have been to Singapore, havent they?Jack hasnt finished his homework, has he?現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：You have been living in Beijing all these years, havent you?Denis hasnt been watching TV, has she?一般過(guò)去時(shí)：They had a good time at the party last Saturday, didnt they?Fanny didnt go home last night, did she?過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：You were making dinner when I called, werent you?She wasnt sleeping at this time yesterday, was she?一般將來(lái)時(shí)：We will have wonderful summer holidays, wont we?They wont come back until midnight, will they?3關(guān)于反意疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成，有以下幾點(diǎn)值得注意：a.當(dāng)陳述局部的主語(yǔ)是everybody, everyone, someone, no one, nobody, somebody等指人的合成詞時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句的附加局部的主語(yǔ)在正式語(yǔ)體中通常 用he。例如：Everybody knows what he has to do, doesnt he?Nobody wants to go there, does he?None of the boys can do it, can he?在非正式語(yǔ)體中那么往往用they。例如：Nobody phoned while I was out, did they?Everyone enjoyed the party, didnt they?Somebody borrowed my dictionary yesterday, didnt they?但假設(shè)陳述局部的主語(yǔ)是everything, anything, something, nothing等指物的合成詞時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句的附加局部的主語(yǔ)只能用it。例如：Nothing could stop them, could it?Everything is ready, isnt it?b.當(dāng)陳述局部是there be句型時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句的附加局部的主語(yǔ)也用there。例如：Theres no help for it, is there?Theres something strange, isnt there?c.陳述局部帶有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little, nowhere, nothing等否認(rèn)詞或半否認(rèn)詞是，反意疑問(wèn)句的附加局部的動(dòng)詞用肯定形式。例如：Father rarely got drunk, did he?Few people know him, do they?She seldom goes swimming, does she?如果陳述局部的否認(rèn)詞僅帶有否認(rèn)前綴，那么，該陳述局部作肯定句處理，附加疑問(wèn)局部一般仍用否認(rèn)形式。例如：She was unsuccessful, wasnt she?d.如果陳述局部的主語(yǔ)是Im結(jié)構(gòu)，反意疑問(wèn)句的附加局部一般用arent I。例如：I am an adult, arent I?e.如果陳述局部以不定代詞one作主語(yǔ)，附加疑問(wèn)局部的主語(yǔ)在正式場(chǎng)合用one，在非正式場(chǎng)合用you。例如：One cant be too honest, can one?One cant be too honest, can you?f.當(dāng)陳述局部是一個(gè)帶有that分句作賓語(yǔ)的主從結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句的附加局部一般應(yīng)與主句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞保持對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。例如：You think you are humorous, dont you?He thinks he is going to become an actor, doesnt he?She says (that) I did it, doesnt she?但是，當(dāng)陳述局部的主句是I suppose, I think, I believe, I suspect, I imagine等結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句的附加局部那么往往與that分句中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞保持對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，但要注意否認(rèn)的轉(zhuǎn)移。例如：I suppose (that) hes funny, isnt he?I dont think (that) she likes my clothes, does she?g.在由“祈使句附加疑問(wèn)句構(gòu)成的反意疑問(wèn)句中，附加疑問(wèn)局部一般用will you, wont you, would you。例如：Dont close the window, will you?Be quiet, would you?但是，在以lets開(kāi)頭的祈使句之后，附加疑問(wèn)局部用shall we。例如：Lets go out to play soccer, shall we?Lets have a rest, shall we?以let us開(kāi)頭的祈使句，含義是allow us，不包括聽(tīng)話人在內(nèi)，因此反意疑問(wèn)句的附加局部用will you。例如：Let us stop now, will you?Let us have a look at your book, will you?4.反意疑問(wèn)句的答復(fù)方式和一般疑問(wèn)句一致，根據(jù)事實(shí)來(lái)答復(fù)。注意當(dāng)陳述局部是一個(gè)否認(rèn)句時(shí)，英文的答復(fù)方式和中文的答復(fù)方式有差異。例如：She is a beautiful girl, isnt she? 她是個(gè)漂亮的姑娘，不是嗎？Yes, she is. 是的，她是。No, she isnt. 不，她不是。You dont like onions, do you? 你不喜歡洋蔥，是嗎？Yes, I do. 不，我喜歡。No, I dont. 是的，我不喜歡。強(qiáng)化練習(xí)：一、請(qǐng)?jiān)谙旅娴目崭裰刑钊脒m當(dāng)?shù)母郊右蓡?wèn)句：1. Mary has to go home now, _ ?2. Thats your twin brother, _ ?3 Theres nothing wrong, _ ?4.Jack had a talk with his father, _ ?5.One cant be too careful, _ ?6. Give me a hand, _ ?7. He was cleaning his house all day yesterday, _ ?8. Nothing can stop us now, _ ?9. Anyone can go to the party, _ ?10.They wont be ready till next year, _ ?11. I am not the one youre thinking about, _ ?12. Lets go camping, _ ?13. You havent found out who did it, _ ?14. I suppose you know the password, _ ?15. Emily rarely stays out late, _ ?二、根據(jù)所給中文釋義完成句子，每空一詞。1.你去過(guò)游樂(lè)場(chǎng)，不是嗎？You have been to _ _ _, _ _?是的，我去過(guò)兩次。Yes, I have been there _.2. 麥克每個(gè)月都理發(fā)，不是嗎？Mike _ his hair _ every month, _ _?不，他兩周理一次發(fā)。No, he _ his hair _ _ _ _.3. 我沒(méi)告訴你他已經(jīng)回來(lái)了，是嗎？I didnt tell you he _ _ _, _ _?不，你告訴過(guò)我了。No, you _ _ me.4. 詹妮沒(méi)有你大，是嗎？Jenny isnt _ _ _ you, _ _?是的，她沒(méi)有我大。_, _ _.參考答案：一、1. doesnt she?2. isnt it?3. is there?4. didnt he?5. can one?(can you)6. wont you? (will you?)7. wasnt he?8. can it?9. cant he? (cant they?)10.will they?11.arent I?12.shall we?13.have you?14.do you?15.does she?二、1. an, amusement, park, havent, you twice 2. has, cut, doesnt, he has, cut, every, two, weeks (has, cut, every, other, week) 3. has, come, back, did, I have, told 4. as, old, as, is, she No, she, isntTitleIts a nice day, isnt it?Topic Small talkFunctions Make small talkStructuresTag questionsTarget languageIts a nice day, isnt it?Yes, it is. I really love hot weather.Youre Jennys friend, arent you?Yes, I am.VocabularyUmbrella, small talk, thank-you noteRecyclingWeather, hot, cold, rain, great, train, bus, party, hobby, violin, tennis, hockey, beachLearning StrategiesCooperatingUsing what you know Words and Expressions:(n. 名詞 adj. 形容詞 adv. 副詞 v. 動(dòng)詞 prep. 介詞 )單詞/短語(yǔ)詞性詞義講解與例句rainn.雨；下雨There was rain in the night. 夜里下雨了。umbrellan.雨傘Take an umbrella it's going to rain. 帶上傘吧，要下雨了。on the weekend 在周末What are you going to do on the weekend?你周末打算做什么？opening question 開(kāi)場(chǎng)白Her opening question is excellent.她的開(kāi)場(chǎng)白很棒。bookstoren.書(shū)店He went to the bookstore and bought some books yesterday. 他昨天去書(shū)店買了些書(shū)。aloneadv.單獨(dú)地；單獨(dú)地She lived alone. 她獨(dú)居。The key alone will open the door. 只有這把鑰匙能開(kāi)這個(gè)門(mén)。He did it all alone. 這事是他一個(gè)人干的。crossv.穿過(guò)；橫過(guò)They crossed the road. 他們過(guò)了馬路。We crossed each other on the way. 我們?cè)谕局绣e(cuò)過(guò)了。costv.價(jià)值；花How much did that bag cost? 那個(gè)書(shū)包要多少錢？Your crime will cost you your life. 你的罪行將使你失去生命。help with 在某方面幫助He helps me with my English.他幫我學(xué)英語(yǔ)。get along 融洽相處Do you get along with you classmates?你和同學(xué)相處融洽嗎？trafficn.交通；交通量Traffic police are sometimes very polite.交通警察非常有禮貌。The city streets are full of traffic. 城市的街道上滿是行人車輛。at least 至少；最少He's going away for at least a week. 他起碼一星期出去一次。 Sentences and Phrases (句型與詞組)Grammar FocusIts really windy today, isnt it?Yes, it is.Youre Bens sister, arent you?Yes, I am.The M-15 bus stops here, doesnt it.Yes, it does.本單元的重點(diǎn)是反意問(wèn)句。陳述句后面的反意問(wèn)句的用法：1. 反意問(wèn)句一般由“助動(dòng)詞+人稱代詞構(gòu)成，用在句末，要求對(duì)方確認(rèn)一些我們不敢肯定的事情，或要求對(duì)方表示贊同，含有“這是真的嗎？或“你同意嗎？的意思。e.gIt is very cold today, isnt it?We had much time, hadnt we?There is a little water in the cup, isnt there?There is little water in the cup, is there?2. 陳述句的動(dòng)詞假設(shè)是肯定，反意問(wèn)句的動(dòng)詞要用否認(rèn)，反之，就用肯定。Mrs. Smith lives in Italy, doesnt she?She can hardly speak German, can she?She has few friends in Germany, has (does) she?There isnt anybody at home, is there?3. 陳述句與反意問(wèn)句里的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)要相同。She had to go to France every spring, didnt she?There was little water in the cup, was there?4. 陳述句與反意問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)必須指同一人或同一事物。She needs to have it repaired, doesnt she?You had better go alone, hadnt you?5. 陳述句的主語(yǔ)不管屬于何種詞類，反意問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)一定要用人稱代詞。Those are your friends, arent they?She hasnt finished her homework, has she?6. 陳述句的動(dòng)詞為 have, has, had, 但不作“有解時(shí)， 反意問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)之前不可用have, has，had, 而改用 do, does, did.You have nothing to say, do you?You have John do the work, dont you?7. 含有seldom; hardly; few; little; never; rarely等詞的句子，被認(rèn)為是否認(rèn)句。e.g.He seldom came here, did he?Few people knew the answer, did they?None of us knew the way, did we?We hadnt much time, had we?Little progress has been made, has it?We could hardly hear what she said, could we?We seldom see them now, do we?One cant be too careful, can one?8. nobody, none, no one, anybody, anyone, everybody, everyone 等不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其反意問(wèn)句通常用they作主語(yǔ)。e.g. Everybody came, didnt they.祈使句后面的反意問(wèn)句的用法：1由lets引出的祈使句，肯定的用shall we? 否認(rèn)的用all right? 或O.K.?e.g.Lets start early, shall we?Lets not go fishing, all right (O.K.)?- Lets go dancing , shall we? -All right.2肯定祈使句之后，表示“請(qǐng)求，用 will you? 表“邀請(qǐng)，勸誘用wont you?e.g.Let us have a look, will you?-Pass me the dictionary, will you? -Yes, with pleasure.Have some coffee, wont you?Be careful when you cross the road, wont you?3否認(rèn)祈使句之后，表示“請(qǐng)求，那么只用will you?e.g.Dont open the window , will you?語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)概述一、1. Would you mind.?1Would you mind +v.-ing.?用來(lái)客氣地提出請(qǐng)求。例如：Would you mind giving me a glass of water?請(qǐng)給我一杯水好嗎？Would you mind cleaning your room?你可以清掃你的房間嗎？Im sorry. Ill do it right away.對(duì)不起，我馬上就做。Would you mind not playing baseball here?你可以不在這里打棒球嗎？Sorry，well go and play in the park.對(duì)不起，我們將會(huì)去公園里玩。2Would you mind+ sb.s + v.-ing.?用來(lái)提出詢問(wèn)，征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)在非正式文體中，v.-ing前的所有格可換為賓格。例如：Would you mind my smoking here?我在這里抽煙你介意嗎？Yes，youd better not.是的，你最好別抽。No，certainly not.不介意，你當(dāng)然可以抽。答復(fù)帶有mind的問(wèn)句時(shí)要注意yes或no都是針對(duì)mind介意，在乎選用的；表示“介意，在乎時(shí)，選用yes，后面跟句子，意思是不讓對(duì)方做某事；表示“不介意，不在乎時(shí)，選用no，后邊跟句子，意思是允許對(duì)方做某事。如：Would you mind posting the letter for me？你可以為我寄封信嗎？Of course not./No，certainly not.當(dāng)然可以。二反意疑問(wèn)句 1)陳述局部的主語(yǔ)是I，疑問(wèn)局部要用 aren't I.I'm as tall as your sister，aren't I?2)陳述局部的謂語(yǔ)是wish，疑問(wèn)局部要用may +主語(yǔ)。I wish to have a word with you, may I?3)陳述局部用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否認(rèn)含義的詞時(shí)，疑問(wèn)局部用肯定含義。The Swede made no answer, did he / she?Some plants never blown (開(kāi)花), do they ?4)含有ought to 的反意疑問(wèn)句，陳述局部是肯定的，疑問(wèn)局部用shouldn't / oughtn't +主語(yǔ)。He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?5)陳述局部有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑問(wèn)局部常用don't +主語(yǔ)didn't +主語(yǔ)。We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?6)陳述局部的謂語(yǔ)是used to 時(shí)，疑問(wèn)局部用didn't +主語(yǔ)或 usedn't +主語(yǔ)。He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?7)陳述局部有had better + v. 疑問(wèn)句局部用hadn't you?You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?8)陳述局部有would rather +v.，疑問(wèn)局部多用 wouldn't +主語(yǔ)。He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?9)陳述局部有You'd like to +v. 疑問(wèn)局部用wouldn't +主語(yǔ)。You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?10) 陳述局部有must 的疑問(wèn)句，疑問(wèn)局部根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。He must be a doctor, isn't he?You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you?He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?11) 感慨句中，疑問(wèn)局部用be +主語(yǔ)。What colours, aren't they?What a smell, isn't it?12)陳述局部由neither nor, either or 連接的并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，疑問(wèn)局部根據(jù)其實(shí)際邏輯意義而定。Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?13)陳述局部主語(yǔ)是指示代詞或不定代詞everything, that, nothing, this, 疑問(wèn)局部主語(yǔ)用it。Everything is ready, isn't it?14) 陳述局部為主語(yǔ)從句或并列復(fù)合句，疑問(wèn)局部有三種情況： a. 并列復(fù)合句疑問(wèn)局部，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語(yǔ)而定。Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?b. 帶有定語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句，疑問(wèn)局部謂語(yǔ)根據(jù)主句的謂語(yǔ)而定：He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?c. 上述局部主句謂語(yǔ)是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，疑問(wèn)局部與賓語(yǔ)從句相對(duì)應(yīng)構(gòu)成反意疑問(wèn)句。I don't think he is bright, is he?We believe she can do it better, can't she?15) 陳述局部主語(yǔ)是不定代詞everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑問(wèn)局部常用復(fù)數(shù)they，有時(shí)也用單數(shù)he。Everyone knows the answer, don't they?(does he?)Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)16) 帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞dare或need的反意疑問(wèn)句，疑問(wèn)局部常用 need (dare ) +主語(yǔ)。We need not do it again, need we ?He dare not say so, dare you? 當(dāng)dare, need 為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，疑問(wèn)局部用助動(dòng)詞do + 主語(yǔ)。She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?17)省去主語(yǔ)的祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句，疑問(wèn)局部用will you。Don't do that again, will you?Go with me, will you / won't you ?注意： Let's 開(kāi)頭的祈使句，后用shall we?Let us 開(kāi)頭的祈使句，后用will you?Let's go and listen to the music, shall we?Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?18)陳述局部是"there be"結(jié)構(gòu)的，疑問(wèn)局部用there省略主語(yǔ)代詞。There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?There will not be any trouble, will there?19)否認(rèn)前綴不能視為否認(rèn)詞，其反意疑問(wèn)句仍用否認(rèn)形式。It is impossible, isn't it?He is not unkind to his classmates, is he? 20)must在表"推測(cè)"時(shí)，根據(jù)其推測(cè)的情況來(lái)確定反意疑問(wèn)句。 He must be there now, isn't he? It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it?