2022年高中英語 Unit4 Behind beliefs重點詞匯講解學(xué)案 牛津譯林版選修9重點單詞和短語1. expression n. 1) 詞，詞組；措辭The expression “in the family way” means “pregnant”. 詞組“in the family way”的意思是“懷孕”。2) 表情Petra looked at her plate with an expression of disgust. 彼得拉看著自己盤子里的食物，面露厭惡的表情。3) 表達(dá)，表示The minister gave expression to his anger in an attack on the government last night. 這位部長昨晚對政府進行了攻擊，表達(dá)了他的憤怒。4) 表露，展現(xiàn)Toms potential artistic talents found their expression in music. 湯姆的藝術(shù)潛能在音樂中得以體現(xiàn)。wear a delighted/ sad expression 帶著愉快的（悲傷的）表情 beyond/ past expression 無法形容地，無法表達(dá)地翻譯：新娘美得無法形容。_2. by and by 不久，過一會兒e.g. The pain will go away _.A .little by little B. step by step C. by and by譯為：疼痛一會兒就會消失。 little by little漸漸，逐漸step by step 逐步地3.underline vt.在下劃線，為劃底線；強調(diào)（=emphasize）n.c 底線 draw an underline 1) Underline the most important words2) 用心讀劃線的部分Read the underlined part carefully.3)He underlined the importance of cooperation at the meeting. ( )強調(diào)合作的重要性4. mend ones way 改邪歸正，改過自新In the past, he was a troublemaker, but now he has mended his way. 過去，他是個惹事生非的人，但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)改邪歸正了。 mend a fault 改正錯誤Crying will not mend matters. 哭無濟于事。The patient is mending nicely. 病人正在日益好轉(zhuǎn)。It is never too late to mend. 改過不嫌晚。 聯(lián)想：1）find ones way out 找到出路 2） feel ones way 摸索著前進3）fight ones way 突破-而前進 4）make ones way （艱難）朝-走5）force ones way 擠出一條路 6) by the way (副) 順便問一下 7) by way of (介) 經(jīng)過,經(jīng)由 8) give way to 讓路;(對要求等)屈從,讓步9)in any way (副) 不管怎樣;好歹 10)in a way (副) 在某種程度上,從某方面來說;e.g. You are correct in a way.(從某方面來說,你是正確的)She is strange in a way.(她有點怪.)in no way(副) 決不 in the way 妨礙(某人)lead the way 領(lǐng)路,帶路;指導(dǎo)on the / ones way (副)1)在途中;2)在接近(某狀態(tài)),漸趨于under way (船只)航行中，（計劃等）進行中The project got under way after some delays. (那項計劃在稍延遲之后開始進行)5. passage n. 1) 過道，走廊Marys room is just along the passage. 瑪麗的房間就在走廊的那一邊。2) 通道，通路We forced a passage through the crowd. 我們從人群中擠出一條通道。3) 一段，一節(jié)You will understand the whole text after reading the first passage.讀了第一段之后，你就會理解整個課文了。6. in other words: that is to say :namely 換言之，也就是說 In other words, our objective is to avoid losing. 也就是說，我們的目標(biāo)是要避免失敗。拓展：1) find the words 用恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z言表達(dá)She only wished she could find the words to express her affection for the old man. 她只想希望用恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z言表達(dá)對這位老人的感情。失信，食言 _ 信守諾言 _總之 _ 逐字地 _與某爭吵_, 和某人說句話 _有消息說 _有消息說將軍將來視察軍隊_留言 _你的同學(xué)留言說他今晚來看你 _Translate: 昨天他為一件小事跟同學(xué)吵架了._.7. petence u.n.= the ability to do something well 能力，勝任， 本領(lǐng)、be able to do =be capable of doing have petence in doing sth/ to do sth.e.g.1）我們有能力自己解決下崗工人問題We have petence in solving/to solve the laid-off workers problems ourselves. 2) What you have said is beyond the childrens petence to understand.（超出孩子的理解能力）8. munication n.-v. municatemunicate 1）vi.與交流，溝通，取得聯(lián)系 municate with sb. e.g. We municate with each by letter (telephone). 我們用書信（電話）聯(lián)絡(luò)。2）vt.傳達(dá)（信息等），傳遞，通知 municate sth. to sb. e.g.He municated his intention to me. 他把他的意向告訴了我。9. polish1) polish vt. 磨光，擦亮，提高，改進He polished his floor with a special chemical.他用一種特殊的化學(xué)物質(zhì)來擦亮地板。2) polish up 磨光，擦亮，提高，改進He polished up an old copper coin.他擦亮了一枚古銅幣。Ill need to polish up my French if Im going to France for my holidays.如果我想去法國旅游，我需要提高我的法語。3) polish off 吃完，完成He polished up a plate of fish in no time at all他瞬間就吃完了一盤子魚。4) polish n.鞋油，去污劑，亮彩，磨擦Your shoes need a polish.你的鞋需要擦一擦。He bought a tin of brown polish.他昨天買一聽褐色鞋油。10. suffering n.- v. suffer suffer vi.受痛苦，受苦難 vt.遭受（苦痛損失等）；忍受（主要用于疑問句和否定句）suffer+ pain (loss, grief, punishment, wrong, hardship, discouragement, damage etc.)遭受疼痛損失等 suffer from表示遭受戰(zhàn)爭，自然災(zāi)害，疾病等所帶來的苦難1) _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.A. Having suffered B. SufferingC. To suffer D. Suffered1) Though we have _ serious natural calamities(災(zāi)難), we are sure to smooth away all difficulties.A. suffered B. suffered fromC. were struck with D. met with11. sacrifice n./vt. make a sacrifice/ sacrifices for 為某人做出犧牲at (great) sacrifice做出犧牲at the sacrifice of 介 犧牲sell at a sacrifice賤賣，削價出售e.g.1).Parents often make sacrifices for their children.( 做出犧牲)2).He achieved his success at great sacrifice.他做了很大的犧牲才獲得成功3).At the sacrifice of his fort, he allowed the guest to use his bed.12. figure 1)figure n. 數(shù)字；錢數(shù)His score is now well into double figures. 他的得分現(xiàn)在已達(dá)到兩位數(shù)了。It is estimated that his property is up to a figure of $200 million. 據(jù)估計他的財產(chǎn)已達(dá)兩億美元的金額。2) figure n. 體形，體態(tài)How does she manage to keep her figure when she eats so much?她吃這么多，究竟是怎樣保持優(yōu)美的身材的？3) figure n. 人物，重要人物He was the outstanding political figure of his time. 他是他那個時代的著名政治人物。4) figure n. 人影I cant make out a dark figure in the distance. 我看不清遠(yuǎn)處的一個黑色人影。5) figure v. (經(jīng)過思考后)認(rèn)為，以為I figured that he was drunk and shouldnt be allowed to drive. 我認(rèn)為他喝醉了，不應(yīng)該讓他開車。6) figure v. 計算Larry figured his expenses for the past month. 拉里計算了他上個月的開支。詞組： figure out 想出，理解（某事）Can you figure out how to do it?你能想出這件事該怎么辦？It took me hours to figure those algebra problems out. 我花幾個小時才算出那些代數(shù)題。13. merciful adj. The barrister 律師urged the judge to be merciful.She is always merciful to the prisoners. 對憐憫-n. mercy 憐憫，饒恕，同情 mercy killing 安樂死show mercy to sb /have mercy on sb憐憫某人at the mercy of sb/sth任擺布It's a mercy that she wasn't seriously hurt.幸運的是她傷勢不重。14. overhear vt. overheard ,overheard偶然聽到，無意中聽到l overhear /hear sth I overheard a conversation between two boys on the bus.我在公共汽車上無意中聽到兩個男孩的談話l overhear/hear sb doing sthWe overheard them arguing.。我們碰巧聽到他們吵嘴。l overhear/ hear sb do sthI overheard him say he was going to France.我偶然聽見他們說他要去法國。15. picture vt .想象；描繪；照片顯示W(wǎng)e find it hard to picture him as the father of teenage sons.我很難想象他居然是有幾個十幾歲兒子的父親了。I tried to picture what it would be like to live alone.我努力設(shè)想一個人單獨生活是什么情景。She is pictured here with her parents.這張照片顯示她和父母在一起。16. instruct. vt指示，吩咐，命令；The letters instructed him to report to headquarters上級immediately.I have instructed them to keep the room locked.我已經(jīng)吩咐他們那房間要上鎖。Tom arrived at 6 o'clock as instructedinstruct sb about sth拓展】instruct作動詞，還可表示“教授，傳授(技能等)；告知，通知”。如：His uncle instructed him in GermanI have been instructed that you owe me $50n. instruction知識指示，命令；用法說明；adj. instructive 有教育意義的；提供豐富基礎(chǔ)的；有益的17. salary/ ine/ pay/wages/ fee 辨析salary 薪水；指從事腦力勞動的勞動者，如事務(wù)員，記者，教師等的薪水。ine 收入，收益，進款統(tǒng)稱pay money paid for regular work薪水，工資；最普通用語，特指海陸軍人及其他在政府工作的薪給wages 復(fù)，工資；指勞動者的工資，工人等的工資，特指以時間計酬，或日薪，周薪等短期結(jié)算的勞動報酬，說much 或little wages是對的；不說many或few wagesfee 手續(xù)費，薪金；指付給律師，醫(yī)生或其他人的謝金或手續(xù)費18. possession. un.具有，持有g(shù)et /win possession of the ball 爭球cn.所有物；財產(chǎn)；殖民地 takethe possession of sth in the possession of sth被占有，控制 占據(jù)某物；住在某處所中While they are in possession we cant sell the house.他們還住著這房子，我們無法出售。 v. possess持有，具有某品質(zhì)；控制，支配人的思想19. circumstance n. 1)情況，情形I cant imagine a circumstance in which I would be quarrelling with her. 我想象不出一種我會跟她吵架的情形。2)under no circumstances 決不，無論如何都不Under no circumstances are you to leave the house. 你無論如何都不得離開這所房子。3)in/under the circumstances 在這種情況下，既然如此The result was the best that could be expected under the circumstances. 在這種情況下，這是我們能期待的最好結(jié)果。4)無法控制的因素，環(huán)境，境遇Force of circumstance pelled us to leave. 形勢所迫， 我們不得不走。聯(lián)想： in no case,; at no time; by no means20. list v“把列入一覽表”。如：The koala is listed among Australia's endangered animals拓展】(1)list作動詞，還表示“列清單；把列表”。如： Our teacher asked us to list our ten favourite novels(2) list n.“名單；一覽表” 。 She used to make a list of all the things she wanted to buy before going shopping 一、語法知識歸納I. 復(fù)雜句子的分析句型構(gòu)成例示分析長的簡單句一個主語和謂語Islam was started about 1,400 years ago by a man called Muhammad.主語：Islam謂語：was started about 1,400 years ago by a man called Muhammad并列句由兩個或兩個以上分句，由并列連詞and, or, but, for連接。Honey is sweet, but the bee stings.分句一：Honey is sweet 分句二：the bee stings 連接詞：but復(fù)合句由一個主句和一個或多個從句構(gòu)成。Soon came the news that Germany has declared war on Russia.主句：Soon came the news從句：that Germany has declared war on Russia(同位語從句)復(fù)合并列句并列部分和從屬部分同時用在一個句子中。He shouted to attract our attention and asked us if we had won the previous days match.并列部分：He shouted to attract our attention and asked從句：if we had won the previous days match II. 簡單句的基本句型復(fù)習(xí)句子構(gòu)成例示主動補 (SVC)結(jié)構(gòu)The man is a teacher.主動 (SV)結(jié)構(gòu)Iron rusts.主動賓(SVO)結(jié)構(gòu)Liverpool won the game.主動賓賓(SVOO)結(jié)構(gòu)Mary lent me her car.主動賓補(SVOC)結(jié)構(gòu)We made him our spokesman.III. 并列連詞的拓展代表詞引申的并列詞例示andbothand, not onlybut (also), as well as, andas well, notnor, neither.norThey can both sing and dance.She can neither speak nor read French.orWhetheror., eitherorEither the president will resign through ill-health, or he will die in office.butwhile, whereas, onlySome of the studies show positive results, whereas others do not.Id love to e, only I have to work.forfor: 對前一分句補充說明理由或推斷原因，只能置于句末。The doctor must have sat up all night with his patient, for you see, he looks tired and sleepy.IV. 復(fù)合句分類復(fù)習(xí)復(fù)合句匯總分類例示定語從句限制性定語從句Those who want to go please sign their names here.非限制性定語從句We will put off the outing until the next week, when we wont be so busy.名詞性從句主語從句Whether he will e or not is unknown.賓語從句Please tell me whether or not you agree with him.表語從句This is where I dont agree.同位語從句I have no idea when she will be back.狀語從句時間狀語從句Once you object to a man, everything he does is wrong.原因狀語從句Now that you are all here, lets try and reach a decision.目的狀語從句We sent the letter by air mail in order that it might reach them in good time.結(jié)果狀語從句Bring it near so that I may see it better.條件狀語從句As long as we dont lose heart, we will find a way to overe the difficulty.讓步狀語從句Though we fight like cat and dog, we still love each other.比較狀語從句Shes no less active than he used to be. (She is as active as he used to be.)方式狀語從句He speaks as if there were a frog in his throat.V. 復(fù)雜句子的分析舉例復(fù)雜句子句子分析That a microorganism is capable of destroying one of another species was first discovered by Paster, who pointed out that this might be put to therapeutic use.（一種微生物能夠破壞另一種微生物，這種現(xiàn)象最早是巴斯德發(fā)現(xiàn)的，他指出這可以應(yīng)用到醫(yī)療上去。）1. 主語：That a microorganism is capable of destroying one of another species（主語從句）2. 謂語： was discovered3. 狀語： first and by Pasteur4. 從句： who pointed out that this might be put to therapeutic use（非限制性定語從句修飾Paster.，內(nèi)含that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句）Ill and suffering as she was after the inhuman tortures, she yet remained so cheerful and confident, eager to devote the little strength left to her to helping the other rades. （她受過重刑，而且有病，可她卻這樣愉快，這樣充滿了信心，這樣用盡她所剩的力量來幫助其他同志。）1. 主語： she2. 謂語： remained so cheerful and confident3. 狀語： eager to devote the little strength left to her to helping the other rades. (表示伴隨狀態(tài))；ill and suffering as she was after the inhuman tortures.(讓步狀語從句, 兩處狀語均用來修飾謂語。)The present question is that many people consider impossible what is really possible if effort is made. （目前的問題是，很多人把努一把力能做到的事看成是做不到的。）1. 主語： the present question2. 謂語： is + that 引導(dǎo)的表語從句3. 在表語從句中：a.主語：many people b. 謂語：consider c. 復(fù)合賓語：impossible what is really possible d. 狀語從句：if effort is made