高二選修 Unit Under the sea語法講解語態(tài)語態(tài)時態(tài)時態(tài) 主動形式主動形式 被動形式被動形式一般式一般式完成式完成式(not) doing(not) being done(not)having done(not)having been done第1頁/共52頁二: V-ing 可作主語、賓語、表語; 定語、狀語和賓語補(bǔ)足語，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語。 V-ing 形式表示的動作與主要動詞同時發(fā)生或發(fā)生在主要動詞之后，用其一般式; V-ing 形式表示的動作在主要動詞之前發(fā)生，用其完成時，在具體應(yīng)用中也常以一般式代替完成式。第2頁/共52頁V-ing 的用法： 1.1.作主語 Swimming is good for health. _ (raise) your hat to a a lady is good manners . 對一位女士脫帽致敬是禮貌的。 _ (kill) by sharks in the sea is a common thing .RaisingBeing killed 第3頁/共52頁 2. 作表語 Teaching is learning. 教學(xué)相長 My hobby is _ (make) model planes. What worried the child most was _ (not, allow) to visit his mother in the hospital .makingnot being allowed第4頁/共52頁注意：動名詞和不定式都可以作主語，動名詞作主語表示一般或抽象的多次性行為，不定式作主語往往表示具體的或一次性的動作。如：Playing with fire is dangerous. （泛指玩火）To play with fire will be dangerous.（指一具體動作）第5頁/共52頁 2). V-ing形式和不定式都要有對稱性;當(dāng)主語是不定式時，表語也用不定式；反之，當(dāng)主語是 V-ing 形式時，表語也用 V-ing 形式。 To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing.注意第6頁/共52頁 3). Its no use (good) doing sth Its a waste of time doing sth it 作形式主語, 只用V-ing,不用不定式。 It is + adj. + (for sb ) to do sth It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水難收。 It is a waste of time _ (talk) to him . It is important for me _ (learn) English .talking to learn 第7頁/共52頁1._ the exam will disappoint your parents. A. You failing B. Your failing C. You fail D. You to fail. 2. _ the same mistake again made his parents very angry. A. His being made B. He has made C. He had making D. His making 3. I dont think its much good _ to him. A. writing B. to write C. write D. written 4. Such books are not worthy _ at all. A. of being read B. being read C. reading D. to read 5.It is no use _ without through _. A. to read; understood B. reading; understanding C. to read; understand D. read; to understandExercises第8頁/共52頁 3.3.作賓語 V-ing 形式既可作動詞的賓語, 也可作介詞的賓語。 We would appreciate hearing from you 我們會珍惜你的來信。 The bird escaped _ (catch) . I feel like _ (join) the army. He was afraid of _ (abandon) by us.being abandonedbeing caught joining 第9頁/共52頁注意： 在 avoid, admit, appreciate, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, put off, feel like, insist on , instead of, look forward to, object to, keep on等后只接V-ing形式作賓語。第10頁/共52頁Exercises1.The thief entered the room without _. A. noticing B. being noticed C. having noticed D. having been noticed2. Besides _, she is kind and tender.A. beautiful B. being beautiful C. she beautiful D. is beautiful3. When he heard the big noise, Tom stopped _ and _ to the window to see what was happening. A. to read; went B. reading; to go C. reading; going D. reading; went 4.I am busy _ for the entrance examination, so I cant help _ housework at home. A. preparing; doing B. preparing; to do C. to prepare; doing D. to prepare; to do第11頁/共52頁注意在want，need，require，deserve等動詞之后作賓語時，常用動名詞的主動式表示被動意義。Your car needs filling. 你這車要充氣了。This city deserves visiting. 這座城市值得光顧一下。The problem requires studying carefully .這個問題需要認(rèn)真研究。The trees want watering .這些樹需要澆水了。第12頁/共52頁在（be）worth后面只能用動名詞的主動態(tài)來表示被動意義。His suggestion is worth considering.The book is worth reading.在allow，advise，forbid，permit等動詞后直接跟動名詞形式作賓語，如果后面有名詞或代詞作賓語，其后用動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：We dont allow smoking here. We dont allow students to smoke. 第13頁/共52頁1.Sorry, we dont allow _ in the lecture room. A. to smoke B. smoke C. smoking D. to smoking2. . They dont permit _ noise her. A. to make B. make C. making D. made3. The sentence wants _ once more. A. to explain B. explaining C. being explained D. to be explained it4. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch Exercises第14頁/共52頁5. Ali said that she wouldnt mind _ alone at home. A. leftB. being left C. to be leftD. leaving6. She _ the key. A. admitted takingB. admitted taking C. admitted having taken D. admitted to have taken7. Did you enjoy yourself last night? Its very nice of you. I appreciated _ to the party. A. to be invited B. to have invited C. being invited D. having been invited8. While were developing agriculture and industry, we must prevent the earth _. A. from polluting B. polluted C. pollutingD. being polluted第15頁/共52頁 4. 作定語作定語 The girl standing there is my sister .This is a piece of _ (surprise) news .The problem_ (discuss) now is very important. The farmers _ (work) in the fields are tired .surprising being discussed working第16頁/共52頁5. 作狀語作狀語 Hearing the good news , he jumped with joy . He sat at the table , _ ( read ) China Daily ._ (ask) to answer the question, she couldnt refuse._ ( work ) hard , you will succeed .readingWorkingBeing asked 第17頁/共52頁6. 作賓語補(bǔ)足語: I saw people coming and going in the street . I heard her _ (sing) a song in her room. Youll find the topic _ (discuss) everywhere now. being discussedsinging第18頁/共52頁7.- Ving 一般時一般時和和一般時的被動形式一般時的被動形式;1) He hurried home , looking behind from time to time . 2) The building being repaired is our dormitory . 第19頁/共52頁- Ving 的完成時和完成時的被動形式1) Having lit a candle , she went out.2) Having been asked to stay , I couldnt leave .3) Having heard this , our teacher expressed her satisfaction .第20頁/共52頁 8. 在絕大數(shù)情況下，的邏輯主語是句子的主語，但有時前可有一個名詞或代詞表示視神經(jīng)邏輯上的主語，這種帶邏輯主語的稱為獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。 The meeting being over, we all left the room and drove home. 會議結(jié)束后，我們都離開房間開車走了。It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都關(guān)門了。第21頁/共52頁 9. 有少數(shù)并不表示句子主語的動作，而是表示說話人的態(tài)度。 Generally speaking, the novel is not very inspiring. 總的來說，這部小說并不感人。 Judging from what you say, he ought to succeed. 從你說的情況看，他應(yīng)能成功。第22頁/共52頁P(yáng)ractice1. - What made Bill so angry? - _. His girl friend promised to come at 8:30, but she hasnt come yet. A. Having kept waiting B. Being kept waiting C. To be kept waiting D. Being kept waitedB第23頁/共52頁 2. The building _ in our school is for us teachers. Though theres noise most of the day, we still feel happy about it. A. built B. having been built C. to be built D. being builtD第24頁/共52頁 3. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catchC第25頁/共52頁 4. While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. A. to persuaded B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded C第26頁/共52頁 5. _ many times, the boy still didnt know how to do the exercises. A. Having taught B. Having been taught C. taught D. Teaching B第27頁/共52頁 6. _ the whole story, Jane decided not to see the film. A. Having been told B. Having told C. Been told D. Telling A第28頁/共52頁Fill in the blanks :1._ (turn) to the right , you will find the place you want .2. _ (ask) to put on performance , she refused .3. _ (finish) his work , Henry went home .4. _ (learn) new words is useful.TurningBeing asked Having finished Learning第29頁/共52頁5. He disliked _ (interrupt) in his experiment .6. I apologize for _ (not, wait) for you .7. _ (not, receive) an answer , I wrote to him again .8. _ (give) such a good chance , you should catch it .being interrupted not having waited Not having received Having been given第30頁/共52頁9. I didnt mind _ (leave) at home .10. The house wants _ (clean).11. He came in without _ (ask).12. _ (show) around the library , we were taken to see the lab.being leftcleaningbeing askedHaving been shown第31頁/共52頁鞏固練習(xí)： 1. I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailedC第32頁/共52頁 2. The light in the office is still on. Oh, I forgot_ A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it offC第33頁/共52頁 3. I would appreciate _ back this afternoon. A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. youre calling C第34頁/共52頁 4. How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? A. To take B. take C. taking D. to be takingC第35頁/共52頁 5. I must apologize for _ ahead of time. That all right. A. letting you not know B. not letting you know C. letting you know not D. letting not you know B第36頁/共52頁 6. You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. Well, now I regret _ that. A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having doneD第37頁/共52頁 7. He has always insisted on his _ Dr Turner instead of Mr Turner. A. been called B. called C. having called D. being calledD第38頁/共52頁8. Do you mind _ alone at home? A. Jane leaving B. Jane having left C. Janes being left D. Jane to be leftC第39頁/共52頁 9. She looks forward every spring to _ the flower-lined garden. A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking inD第40頁/共52頁 10. Once your business becomes international, _ constantly will be part of your life. A. you fly B. your flight C. flight D. flyingD第41頁/共52頁 12. What do you think made Mary so upset? _ her new bicycle. A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losingC第42頁/共52頁 13. Let me tell you something about the journalists. Dont you remember _the story yesterday? A. told B. telling C. to tell D. to have toldB第43頁/共52頁14. One learns a language by making mistakes and _them. A. correct B. Correcting C. corrects D. to correctB第44頁/共52頁 15. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and _. A. hed like to collect coin as well B. he feels like collecting coins, too C. to collect coins is also his hobby D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasureD第45頁/共52頁鞏固練習(xí): : 16. The secretary worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the president. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparingB第46頁/共52頁 17. _ your homework, you mustnt listen to music. A. When do B. When to do C. When doing D. When you doingC第47頁/共52頁 18. The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. addedC第48頁/共52頁 19. _ the idiom, he looked it up in the dictionary. A. Not learning B. Never having learned C. Having not learned D. Having never learnedB第49頁/共52頁 20. It rained heavily, _ severe flooding in the country. A. causing B. to cause C. caused D. having caused 21. Any driver _ a license ought to be punished. A. doesnt have B. having not C. has not D. not havingAD第50頁/共52頁22. The missing boys were last seen _ playing on the playground. A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play A23. _ to put on a performance, Miss Green couldnt refuse very well. A. Being asked B. Asked C. Ask D. To be asked A第51頁/共52頁