Unit 4PreviewWe all have experienced betrayal or hurt. Some choose to carry grudges, nurse old wounds or relive past humiliations. Pride and il-vanity builds a wall; we even shut the door for an explanation. Meet with 11 someone older and wise on Tuesdays, and well come to know the art of life, that holding on to the anger consumes the happiness, while letting go of hatred invites more love into life. So put aside the anger, let relief wash over us, and move forward with our life by simply accepting an apology.Part IText ReadingWarm-upI.Being a mentorIf you want to break out or do something extraordinary that you would not do on your own initiative, youd better have a mentor, an experienced and trusted friend and a prudent advisor. More specifically, what do you think make a good mentor?Step OneThe role of the mentor is multifaceted. Work in pairs to decide on the specific personality traits that make a good mentor, and explain your choices.A mentor must be:aged / an effective listener / sincere and committed / punctual / emotionally involved / trustworthy / arrogant/ a responsible role model / loyal / honest / knowledgeable / persuasive / a good talker / independent / self-esteemed/ (or others )Step TwoTry to be a mentor, and give your advice to help others out of the following dilemmas:Staying home or going abroad for further development?Quitting the current job to start a business or staying on it for promotion?Being tolerant to those irritations or taking revenge?Making up for the mistakes or letting the past be the past?Making money at all cost now or seeking fun before it is too late?II.Are you forgiving?Tick the boxes you agree with in the following questionnaire.1. If you do something straight away, do you forgive yourself?Yes No Sometimes INever2. Is it important to forgive yourself and others when mistakes are made?YesNoI Sometimes II Not sure I3. How do you feel when you have forgiven someone for something?10K II Not sure II Very happy IExcitedI Proud of myself4. Are you reluctant to forgive?I YesI No ISometimes INever5. If you answered Yes in above question, this is because you. (You may tick asmany boxes as you want)are only thinking of negative thingsIIdont value yourself or others enoughhave not been shown how to forgiveIII.Are you a person who hangs on to painful memories, or are you able to forget and forgive?Think of a particular person who has been unpleasant to you in some way.Imagine any uncomfortable feelings you once had about him/her.Think of something likeable or worthwhile about him/her.Think of yourself forgiving him/her.TextThe (Twelve->) Twelfth Tuesday We Talk about forgiveness1Mitch Albom1 "Forgive yourself before you die. Then forgive others."2 This was a few days after the "Nightline" interview2. The sky was rainy and dark (<->black), and Morrie was beneath a blanket. I (sit->)sat at the far end of his chair, holding his bare feet. They were callused (hardened) and curled, and his toenails were yellow. I had a small jar of lotion, and I squeezed some into my hands and began to massage his ankles (n. 腳踝).3 It was another of the things I had watched his helpers (nurses) do for months, and now, in an attempt to (in order to) hold on to (grasp/ catch) what I could of him (盡可能挽留這一逝去的生命), I had volunteered to do it myself.3 The disease had left (made) Morrie without the ability4 even to wiggle (擺動) his toes, yet he could still feel pain, and massages helped relieve (reduce/ to ease the) it (pain). Also, of course, Morrie liked being held and touched. And at this point, anything I could do to make him happy, I was going to do.54 "Mitch," he said, returning to the subject of forgiveness. "There is no point (meaning/ significance) in keeping vengeance (復(fù)仇, 報(bào)仇) or stubbornness. These things"he sighed (嘆氣)-these things I so regret in my life. Pride. Vanity. Why do we do the things we do?"5 The importance of forgiving was my question (=topic). I had seen those movies where the patriarch (族長) of the family is on his death bed and he calls for his estranged (疏遠(yuǎn)的) son so that he can make peace before he goes (=dies). I wondered (1.n.奇跡; 2.vt. want to know想知道) if (whether) Morrie had any of that (desire) inside him, a sudden need to say "Im sorry" before he died.6 Morrie nodded. "Do you see that sculpture?" He tilted (=lean傾斜的) his head toward a bust that sat high on a shelf against the far wall of his office. I had never really noticed it before. Cast in bronze (銅), it was the face of a man in his early forties, wearing a necktie, a tuft (叢生/一咎) of hair falling across his forehead. (foreman領(lǐng)班/工頭)7 "Thats me," Morrie said. "A friend of mine sculpted that maybe (perhaps/probably/ approximately) thirty years ago. His name was Norman. We used to spend so much time together. We went swimming. We took rides (=drives) to New York. He had (invited) me over to his house in Cambridge (劍橋), and he sculpted that bust of me down in his basement. It took several weeks to do it, but he really wanted to get it right6 (vividly)."8 I studied (examined) the face. How strange to see a three-dimensional Morrie, so healthy, so young, watching over us as (when) we spoke. Even in bronze, he had a whimsical (反復(fù)無常的, 古怪的) look, and I thought this friend had sculpted a little spirit (精神/靈魂/烈性酒) as well.9 "Well, heres the sad part of the (life) story," Morrie said. "Norman and his wife moved away to Chicago. A little while (n. moment) later, my wife, Charlotte, had to have a pretty (very) serious (major) operation. Norman and his wife never got in touch with (=contact sb.) us. I know they knew about it. Charlotte and I were very hurt (sad) because they never called to see how she was. So we dropped the relationship7(斷交)." Quitter never win and winner never quit10 "Over the years, I met Norman a few times and he always tried to reconcile (和解), but I didnt accept it (apology->apologize). I wasnt satisfied with (be content with sb./sth.) his (explain->) explanation. I was prideful (proud/ arrogant). I shrugged him off"11 His voice choked.12 "Mitch . a few years ago . he died of cancer. I feel so sad. I never got (the chance) to see him. I never got to forgive. It pains (vt.) me now so much ."13 He was crying again, a soft and quiet cry, and because his head was back, the tears rolled off the side of his face before they reached his lips.14 Sorry, I said.15 "Dont be," he whispered. "Tears are okay (OK/ All right) ."16 I continued rubbing lotion into his lifeless toes. He (weep->) wept for a few minutes, alone (alone獨(dú)處<->lonely孤獨(dú)) with his memories (->memorize).17 "Its not just other people we need to forgive, Mitch," he finally whispered. "We also need to forgive ourselves."18 Ourselves?19 "Yes. For all the things we didnt do (該做事卻未做). All the things we should have done. You cant get stuck on (dwell on sth.) the regrets8 of what should have happened. That doesnt help (于事無補(bǔ)) you when you get to where I am (the situation/ fact that he is dying)."20 "I always wished I had done more with my work; I wished I had written more books. I used to beat (blame/ criticize) myself up over (because of) it9. Now I see (understand) that never did any good (n. effect/ use). Make peace. You need to make peace with (accept/ live with容忍/ 接納) yourself and everyone around you."21 I leaned over (傾斜) and dabbed (patted) at the tears with a tissue (a piece of paper). Morrie flicked his eyes open and closed. His (breath->breathe) breathing was audible, like a light (soft) snore.22 "Forgive yourself. Forgive others. Dont wait, Mitch. Not everyone gets the time Im getting. Not everyone is as lucky (as me)"23 I tossed (threw/casted) the tissue into the wastebasket and returned to his feet. Lucky? I pressed my thumb into his hardened (spirit<->) flesh and he didnt even feel it.24 "The tension (=conflict) of opposites10, Mitch. Remember that? Things (=forces) pulling in different directions?"25 I remember.26 "I mourn (哀悼) my dwindling (decreasing縮小) time, but I cherish (=hope) the chance it gives me to make things right (correct)."27 We sat there for a while (n. a period of time), quietly, as (when) the rain splattered (拍打) against the windows. The hibiscus (芙蓉屬的植物) plant behind his head was still holding on (growing), small but firm (頑強(qiáng)).28 "Mitch," Morrie whispered.29 Uh-huh?30 I rolled his toes between my fingers, lost (茫然若失/不知所措be at a loss=dont know what to do) in the task.31 "Look at me."32 I glanced up and saw the most intense look (聚精會神) in his eyes.33 "I dont know why you came back to me. But I want to say this ." He paused, and his voice choked. "If I could have had another son, I would have liked it to be you (I would like to have son like you)."34 I dropped my eyes, kneading (按摩, 捏制) the dying flesh of his feet between my fingers. For a moment, I felt afraid, as if (=as though仿佛) accepting his words would somehow (for reasons unknown不知為啥 # somewhat=a little有點(diǎn)) betray my own father. But when (suddenly突然) I looked up, I saw Morrie smiling through tears and I knew there was no betrayal in a moment like this.35 All I was afraid of was saying good-bye.Notes1. This text is excerpted (cited/ adapted) from Tuesdays with Morrie, which is a true (life) story (fiction) about sportswriter Mitch Albom and his favorite college professor Morrie Schwartz. As Morie Schwartz was dying of muscle-wasting (肌無力的) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (肌萎縮性(脊髓) 側(cè)索硬化), or Lou Gehrigs disease (illness), Mitch Albom renewed (更新的, 重建的, 復(fù)興的, 重申的) his warm (close/ intimate) relationship with him. They met every Tuesday until the end of Schwartzs life. This book is thus the recordings of their talks about everything from regrets (n./vt.遺憾) and death to money and marriage, from family to forgiveness.2. "Nightline" interview: ABCs (American Broadcasting Company) late-night news program with interviews of (celebrate->)celebrities (名人).3. .in an attempt to hold on to what I could (do=learn) of him, I had volunteered to do it myself: The verb do is omitted to avoid (repeat->) repetition in the clause "I had volunteered to do it myself." get rid of sb.=kill sb. e.g. (1) I work in a factory and my brother (works) on a farm.(2) Peter (eat->) ate a cheese (奶酪) sandwich and (Peter) drank a glass of beer.(3) His sister majors in (specializes in) French and he (majors) in Chinese.(4) Its cold in December in England, but (its cold) in July in New Zealand.4. .left (made) Morrie without the ability: deprived Morrie of the ability5. And at this point (moment), anything I could do to make him happy, I was going to do: And at this point, I was going to do anything I could to make him happy.6. get it right (correct sth.): get it going on well.7. (drop->drip) dropped the relationship: ended/ dismissed the relationship.8. get (stick: 1.n. walking; 2. vi.to sth.堅(jiān)持做某事；3. paste) stuck on the regrets: get obsessed (=bothered) with the regrets.9. beat myself up over it: blame it on myself. (blame oneself for sth.)自責(zé)10. the (tense->) tension of opposites: life is like a series of pulls back and forth, so the tension of opposites is like a pull on a rubber band(橡皮筋).Word Bank（audio-:與聽力有關(guān)<->visual）audible (able->ible): adj.that is heard or that can be heard可聽見的 (basis->base: n./ vt.以為基礎(chǔ)/根據(jù); be based on sth.) basement: n. the lowest habitable story (可居住的樓層) of a building地下室beneath: prep. lower than; below低于，在下方betray(->betrayal/ treason): v. the act of committing treason against背叛 bust: n.a sculpture representing a persons head, shoulders, and upper chest半身像callus: v. to form or develop a hardened tissue結(jié)痂（繭）cast: v. to form (liquid metal, e.g. ) into a particular shape by pouring into a mold鑄造; broadcast廣播choke: v. to have difficulty in breathing, swallowing, or speaking哽塞dab: v. to apply with short, poking strokes輕拍; patdimensional: adj. having, or seeming to have, length depth, and height空間的，維度的(dwindle->) dwindling: adj. decreasing; becoming less流逝的estranged: adj. being (alien外星人->alienate->) alienated or made distant疏運(yùn)的flick: v./ n.to touch or hit with a light, quick blow輕拍，輕擊hibiscus: n. (US) a tropical plant with large brightly colored flowers芙蓉，木槿knead: v. to squeeze, press, or roll with the hands輕柔，按摩lotion: n. a (medical->) medicated liquid for external apply(1)申請；應(yīng)用 application洗劑（液）massage: (US)to rub parts of the body to aid (circulate-) circulation or relax the muscles按摩necktie: n. a narrow fabric band of varying (different) length (wear->) worn around the neck and tied in a knot close to the throat領(lǐng)帶; tie: vt. a horse to a big tree.(patriot->愛國者) patriarch: n. a man who rules a family, clan (家族), or tribe (部落)族長(酋長); arc-/arch-穹頂(proud=) prideful: adj. arrogant (->arrogance); disdainful傲慢的，輕蔑的; be proud of sb./sth.=pride (vi.) on sb./sth.=take pride (n.) in sb./ sth.以某人或某物而感到自豪；reconcile: v.to settle or resolve調(diào)停，決絕, 和解; council議會；consult咨詢->consultant顧問(relief->) relieve: v. to cause a lessening or (alleviate->) alleviation of減緩; to relieve sb.=go to sb.s reflief.=to rescue sb. 解救某人sculpt (->sculpture): v. to shape, mold, or fashion (imitate模仿) especially with (precise->) precision雕塑shrug: v. to raise (the shoulders)聳肩snore: n. /vi. the act or an instance of snoring打鼾splatter: v. to spatter (v.濺污n.滴落), especially to move or fall so as to cause splashes飛濺 dwell居??；on sth.老在想squeeze: v. to press gently, as in affection擠，捏(stubborn) stubbornness: n. firmness倔強(qiáng); bear->bore->borntissue: n. a soft, absorbent piece of paper used as toilet paper, a handkerchief, or a towel紙巾toenail: n. the thin, horny, transparent plate covering the upper surface of the end of a toe腳趾甲; nail: n./ vt.釘子/指甲tuft: n. a short cluster (簇群) of hair, or grass一族，一從vanity: n. excessive pride in ones appearance or accomplishments虛榮；Vanity Fair名利場vengeance: n. infliction of punishment in return for a wrong committed報(bào)復(fù)，復(fù)仇；revenge: n./vivolunteer: n./vi. to offer to give out of ones own will (意志/ 遺囑)志愿whimsical: adj. erratic (n./ adj. 不穩(wěn)定的, 奇怪的) in behavior or degree ofunpredictability反復(fù)無常; predict預(yù)測；dict-: speak. dictionary詞典/ 字典wiggle: v. to move or cause to move from side to side with short irregular (<->regular) twisting motions扭動，擺動Phrases and Expressionsat the far end of: at the distant end of在另一邊get in touch with: to maintain (=keep) contact with保持聯(lián)系contact sb. by the (telephone) numberhold (->held->held) on to: to continue to do something; persist堅(jiān)持/ 抓住; hold on (=wait for a moment)<->hang up掛斷電話in an attempt to: try to do sth./ making an effort to do sth.力圖，試圖make peace: to maintain or observe (遵守/ 觀察) a state of quietness without conflicts維和shrug.off: to raise shoulders as a show case of distain (使變色,弄臟,傷害名譽(yù)) 聳肩表示不屑; stain (n./ vt)污漬Reading ComprehensionI. Choose the best for each of the following.1. "It was another of the things I had watched his helpers do for months, and now, in an attempt to hold on to what I could of him, I had volunteered to do it myself" (Para. 3) Here the word "another" refers that A. "Forgive yourself before you die. Then forgive others."B. they were callused and curled, and his toenails were yellow.C. Morrie liked being held and touched. And at this point, anything I could share with him to make him happy, I was going to do.D. I had a small jar of lotion, and I squeezed some into my hands and began to massage his ankles.2. What did Morrie regret in his life according to the passage?A. Forgiveness and tolerance.B. Impatience and carelessness.C. Pride and vanity.D. Peace and stillness.3. Why did Morrie say he was lucky?A. Because he had got enough time to reconsider his life.B. Because he had accepted his friends explanation and rebuilt their friendship.C. Because he met his best friend in his life.D. Because he got comfort from his friends.4. "I rolled his toes between my fingers, lost in the task." (Para. 30) Here the word "lost" implies that the author lostA. his best friendB. his valuable memoryC. his heartD. himself in deep thought5. Why did Mitch hesitate when Mr. Morrie wanted him to be his another son?A. Because he was reluctant to be Morries son.B. Because he thought Morrie was not qualified.C. Because he thought it somehow seemed to betray his own father.D. Because he thought they were not so intimate.II. Complete the following summary of the text by filling in the blanks with words. The initial letter of each word has been given to you."Forgive yourself before you die. Then forgive others."(lie->) Lying on his bed, Morrie was so seriously ill that he could not even (1) wiggle his toes. I came to see him on a rainy day. Having seen his sickly (sick=ill; car-sick; sea-sick; air-sick; sickly: adj.有病的, 蒼白的) face, I felt so sorry for him. At that time (Then), I (2) volunteered to do some massage for him. Also, of course, Morrie liked being (hold) held and (3) touched. And at this point, anything I could do to make him happy, I was going to (would) do.Morrie then started a topic of (4) forgiveness with me. He told me that it is most (very) important not only to forgive (5) others but (6) ourselves. In order to prove it, he recalled a sad story between his friend Norman and him. It pained (vt.) him so much. He also said he was lucky to get enough time to think of his life, while I felt so sad because of his terrible illness. I pressed my thumb into his (7) hardened flesh and he didnt even feel it. He also reminded me of things pulling (acting) in different (8) directions. remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某件事Later he said movingly (很動人地) that he wished I were his another son. At first, I felt afraid, as if (9) accepting his words would somehow (10) betray my own father. But just for a while (moment) I realized that all I was afraid of was saying good-bye.Vocabulary I. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence.1. This will help to _ the hardship of the seek (political) refuge尋求避難 refugees (難民).A. relish (mean意味)B. relieveC. (vivre->) revive(再生/恢復(fù)/蘇醒)D. rely (on)=depend (on)依賴2. She (feel->) felt the _ (compete->) competition between the two brothers.A. intense (激烈的)B. intensive(密度高的)C. intention (n. 打算目的)D. intend (vt.打算)3. The bride (新娘) and (bride)groom (馬夫/ 新郎) promised to _ each other through sickness and health (->healthy).A. nag (嘮叨a nagging wife)B. blameC. spoil 寵壞/弄砸了a ed (spoilt) child)D. cherish (vt. hope)4. You could feel the _ in the room as (when) we waited for our exam results.A. intense (adj.)B. tension (n.)C. tense (1.緊張的; 2.n.時(shí)態(tài); 3.密度)D. (extensive<->) intensive (密度或強(qiáng)度)5. Angela _ with disappointment when she was told that she had not got the job.A. signed 1.vt.署名; 2. n. (sign + nature=) signature簽名B. signal:1.n.信號; 2.vt.發(fā)信號) signaledC. persisted(in sth./doing sth.=insist on sth./ doing sth.堅(jiān)持做某事)D. sighed (嘆氣)6. If he can just _ a little longer, we can give him a hand (help幫一把).A. hold back(restrict保留)B. hold inC. hold on=waitD. hold up=block阻塞7. This is a political _ an (economy經(jīng)濟(jì)) economic (與經(jīng)濟(jì)有關(guān)的；economical節(jié)約的) question.A. as wellB. as well as=andC. as muchD. as usual=as before8. She can _ her troubles and keep (smile->) smiling.A. keep off遠(yuǎn)離B. take off起飛/開始/脫衣服C. shrug off表示不以為然D. lay off=drop裁員9. The two captains (船長/隊(duì)長/上校/上尉;hat)_ a coin (1)n.硬幣; (2)vt.生造詞 before the match.A. tossB. are tossedC. tossed拋D. tossed for10. I havent really kept _ people I knew at school.A. in touch withB. out of touch withC. to the touc