必修4Unit 2Working the land要 點 梳 理 高效梳理·知識備考重點單詞1struggle vt. & vi.斗爭；拼搏；努力2output n產(chǎn)量；輸出3hunger n饑餓；欲望hungry adj.饑餓的；有欲望的4expand vt. & vi.使變大；伸展；闡述expansion n擴大；增加5circulate vt. & vi.循環(huán)；流傳circulation n循環(huán)流通6battle n戰(zhàn)役；戰(zhàn)斗；較量；斗爭vt. & vi.搏斗；奮斗7therefore adv.因此；所以；因而8equip vt. & vi.配備；裝備equipment n設(shè)備(不可數(shù))9export vt. & vi.輸出；出口import vt. & vi.輸入；入口；進口10nationality n國籍nation n國家；民族national adj.國家的；國有的11occupation n工作；職業(yè)；占領(lǐng)occupy vt.占領(lǐng)12confuse vt.使迷惑；使為難confusing adj.令人迷惑的confused adj.感到迷惑的confusion n迷惑13regret vt.遺憾；惋惜 n遺憾；懊悔regretful adj.后悔的14chemical adj.化學(xué)的；關(guān)于化學(xué)的chemistry n化學(xué)chemist n化學(xué)家；藥劑師15bacteria n(bacterium的復(fù)數(shù)形式)細菌16reduce vt.減少；縮減；簡化reduction n縮??；減少17summary n總結(jié)；摘要；概要summarize vt.總結(jié)18comment n評論；議論 vi. & vt.表達意見；作出評論重點短語1thanks to幸虧；由于2rid.of 擺脫；除去3be satisfied with 對感到滿意4would rather 寧愿；寧可5build up 逐漸增強；建立；開發(fā)6lead to 導(dǎo)致；造成7focus on 集中(注意力、精力等)于8keep.free from/of 使免受(影響、傷害等)；使不含(有害物)9make a difference 造成差異，很重要10keep in mind 牢記在心11cause damage to 對造成危害12in addition 再者，還有13turn to 轉(zhuǎn)向重點句型1Dr. Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice.袁隆平博士種植的是被稱為“超級雜交水稻”的稻種。2This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce onethird more of the crop in the same fields.這種特別的稻種使得同樣的田地多收獲1/3的產(chǎn)量。3Using his hybrid rices, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.用他的雜交水稻種子，農(nóng)民們種出比以前多一倍的糧食。4He would much rather keep time for his hobbies. 他寧愿把時間花在自己的愛好上。高考范文(2020;2020·重慶卷)國外某網(wǎng)站將舉辦新一輪網(wǎng)上講座活動，正面向全球中學(xué)生征集話題。假設(shè)你是新華中學(xué)的學(xué)生李華，經(jīng)常訪問該網(wǎng)站?，F(xiàn)請你用英文給該網(wǎng)站發(fā)送一封電子郵件，向其推薦話題。內(nèi)容包括：·自我簡介·寫信目的·話題：我們應(yīng)該感恩(thankful)·推薦的理由·預(yù)?；顒映晒ψ⒁猓?. 詞數(shù)100左右。2. 郵件中不能出現(xiàn)本人真實信息。范文Dear Editor，I am Li Hua, a student from Xinhua Middle School, and in my spare time I often visit your website, from which I know that you are collecting topics for discussion. Being interested in it, I'd like to recommend my topic, which is “We Should Be Thankful”. As you know, we middle school students,the new generation, who were born in the early 1990s, have been growing up with so much love from others. Some of us always take it for granted that our parents, grandparents and teachers should take care of us. Needless to say, we seldom think of others feelings. Therefore, I hope by discussing this topic, we can learn to thank those who always give us their selfless love.Wish your activity a success.Yours，Li Hua考 點 探 究 互動探究·能力備考.詞匯短語過關(guān)1struggle vt. 搏斗；斗爭；努力；掙扎n斗爭；掙扎struggle with/against 與搏斗/斗爭struggle for sth./to do sth. 努力/爭取struggle through 奮力通過struggle to ones feet 掙扎著站起來struggle on/along (雖艱難仍)繼續(xù)做某事with a struggle 費勁地即學(xué)即練1(1)They had to _ _ their lives _ weather and wild animals.為了生存他們必須與天氣和野獸抗?fàn)帯?2)They had to _ _ all kinds of difficulties.他們得和各樣的困難作斗爭。(3)She _ _ _ _ _ her attacker.她掙扎著想擺脫那個襲擊她的人。struggleforagainststrugglewith / againststruggledtogetawayfrom(4)_ _ _ _， the old woman gained control of her business.經(jīng)過長期努力，這位老婦人在業(yè)務(wù)上已能應(yīng)付自如。 Afteralongstruggle2expand vt.&vi. 使變大；伸展；闡述expansion n. 擴張；膨脹；擴大；發(fā)展expansive adj. 擴張性的；開展性的；廣闊的expand into/to 使擴大，變大expand on/upon 闡述，詳談即學(xué)即練2(1)Metals _ when they are heated.金屬受熱會膨脹。(2)We've _ _ _ by opening two more stores. 我們增開了兩個商店以擴展業(yè)務(wù)。(3)I repeated the question and waited for her to _.我把問題重復(fù)了一遍，等著她進行充分闡述。expandexpandedthebusinessexpand3. therefore adv.(as a result of that)因此；所以即學(xué)即練3He was very tired and _ he fell sound asleep.He was very tired. _ he fell sound asleep.He was very tired, _ he fell sound asleep.他累得很，因此睡得很熟。thereforeThereforeso提示：therefore 是副詞，不能引導(dǎo)從句，兩個句子之間要用連詞或者分號；而 so是連詞，可接從句。4equip vt.&vi. 配備；裝備equipment n. U裝備；設(shè)備equip sb./sth. with sth. 用某物裝備某人/物equip sb./sth. for (doing) sth. 為(做)某事而準(zhǔn)備sb. be equipped to do sth. 某人有準(zhǔn)備做某事equip sb. to do sth. 使某人能夠做某事be equipped with sth. 裝備有某物a piece of equipment 一件設(shè)備即學(xué)即練4(1)Our classroom _ _ _ a TV set and a tape recorder.我們的教室里配有一臺電視和一臺錄音機。(2)A good education should _ _ _ _.良好的教育能使你受用終生。(3)Our school has been given _ _ _.我們學(xué)校有了一些贈送的新設(shè)備。isequippedwithequipyouforlifesomenewequipment5regret v&n. 遺憾；后悔；惋惜refuse with much regret (many regrets) 婉言拒絕to one's regret 令人遺憾的是feel regretful for.對感到后悔express regret for/at/over sth. 對表示遺憾regretn./pron./doing/having done 后悔做某事regretthatclause 后悔，遺憾regret to say/tell/inform. 很抱歉地說/告訴/通知It's much to be regretted that.令人遺憾的是即學(xué)即練5(1)He regretted _ _ careless.He regretted _ _ _ _ careless.他對于自己的粗心大意感到懊悔。(2)I regret _ _ you that we are unable to offer you employment. 我遺憾地通知你，我們不能雇用你。(3)_ _ _ _， I must leave now.令我很遺憾的是，我現(xiàn)在必須離開了。(4)We heard _ _ that you were not successful in your plan. 聽到你的計劃不能順利進行，我們覺得很可惜。havingbeenthathehadbeentoinformMuchtomyregretwithregret6focus n(興趣、活動等的)中心；焦點v(使)集中，聚集；(使)聚焦be in focus 焦距對準(zhǔn)；清晰be out of focus 焦距沒對準(zhǔn)；模糊bring sth. into focus 把某物集中在焦點上focus sth. on (upon) sth.fix.on.使集中于be focused on/upon sth.be fixed on 集中于即學(xué)即練6(1)The _ _ my camera isnt working properly.我照相機上的調(diào)焦裝置有毛病。(2)Her beauty makes her _ _ _ _.她長得漂亮，很惹人注意。(3)We should _ _ _ _ our study.我們應(yīng)該把注意力放在學(xué)習(xí)上。(4)She felt all the eyes _ _ _ her.她覺得所有人都在注視著她。focusonthefocusofattentionfocusourattentiononwerefocusedon7reduce vt. 減少；縮減；簡化reduce one's expenditure 減少某人的開支be reduced to despair 陷入絕望reduce to. 降至reduce by. 減少了即學(xué)即練7(1)He persuaded them to _ the price _ $1 000.他設(shè)法使他們的價格降到1 000美元。(2)Production costs have _ _ _ one third.生產(chǎn)成本下降了1/3。(3)The fire _ the forest _ a few trees.大火把森林燒得僅剩下幾棵樹了。reducetobeenreducedbyreducedto8comment vt.評論 n評論，意見，議論ask for comment 征求意見make comments on sth.評論某事No comment. 無可奉告。Without comment. 不必多說。comment(v.)on/ upon sth.評論，對發(fā)表意見comment(v.)thatclause評論即學(xué)即練8(1)Have you any _ _ the proposals？你對這些建議有什么意見嗎？(2)It created _ _ in the press.這引起報界廣泛的評論。(3)He made some useful _ _ my work.他對我的作品作了一些實用的評論。(4)He _ that it was an excellent film.他評論這部電影很精彩。commentsonwidecommentcommentsoncommented9thanks to 由于；多虧(介詞短語，在句中做原因狀語，常置于句首或句末)because of 因為；由于owing to 由于，因之緣故as a result of 作為的結(jié)果，由于due to 因為，由于(不能放在句首)on account of 由于；因為即學(xué)即練9(1)_ _ Jim's warning, we avoided the accident.多虧吉姆的提醒，我們避免了一場事故。(2)I couldn't attend the meeting _ _ illness.我因病不能出席會議。(3)The delay was _ _ power failure.延滯是由于停電。Thankstoowingtodueto10rid sb./oneself/sth. of sth. 使擺脫be/get rid of 去掉，擺脫；拋棄remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事be free of. 擺脫即學(xué)即練10(1)One day we will manage to _ _ _ _ this terrible disease.總有一天我們有辦法使這種可怕的疾病在世界上絕跡。(2)You must _ _ _ these oldfashioned ideas.你必須摒棄這些陳舊觀念。(3)Well have to _ _ _ him.我們必須擺脫他。(4)How can we _ _ _ all the flies in the kitchen?我們怎樣才能把廚房內(nèi)的蒼蠅統(tǒng)統(tǒng)消滅掉？ridtheworldofridyourselfofgetridofgetridof11be satisfied with 對感到滿意be satisfied that. 滿意be satisfied to do 樂意干satisfy vt.滿意；使?jié)M意satisfied adj. 感到滿意的satisfying adj. 令人滿意的satisfactory adj. 令人滿意的satisfaction n. 滿意，滿足即學(xué)即練11(1)I _ the result.我對那個結(jié)果很滿意。(2)My parents try to _.我父母盡量滿足我的需求。(3)There was _ on his face.他臉上露出了滿意的微笑。(4)_，my boss agreed to my suggestion.很使我滿意的是，老板同意了我的建議。was satisfied withsatisfy my needsa satisfied lookMuch to my satisfaction12lead to 通向，導(dǎo)致，致使leadn.to sth. 引導(dǎo)到lead sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事即學(xué)即練12(1)The bank has offered a reward for any information _ the arrest of the men.銀行懸賞任何能將這些人繩之以法的情報。(2)What _ acting as a career？是什么讓你開始從事演藝事業(yè)的？leading toled you to take up提示：(1)lead to中的 to為介詞，后面跟代詞、名詞或動名詞。類似的詞組還有：devote to 致力于/pay attention to 對加以注意/object to 反對/stick to 堅持/look forward to 期望，等等。(2)lead to 不用被動語態(tài)。(3)lead to 是前因后果，而 lie in (result from) 是前果后因。13keep.free from/of 使免受(影響、傷害等)使不含(有害物)free from 沒有，免于，無之憂free of 無的；免于的，離開了的free sb./sth. from. 使某人/某物自由；解放；釋放for freefree of charge 免費地，無償?shù)豣e free to do sth. 自由地做某事be free with sb. 對某人放肆free as the air 自由自在set sb. free 釋放某人即學(xué)即練13(1)_ the table _ dirt by putting a cover over it.用個東西把桌子罩住，免得灰塵落在上面。(2)The lake _ pollution.這湖沒有污染。(3)The secretary _ all blame for the errors.這些失誤完全不能怪秘書。(4)Try to _ all prejudices.盡量消除一切偏見。Keepfree fromis free ofwas free fromfree yourself from.重點句型詳解1Dr Yuan Longping grows what_is_called_super_hybrid_rice.袁隆平博士種植的是被稱為“超級雜交水稻”的稻種。what is called super hybrid rice用做grows的賓語從句，為一名詞性從句，也可稱為whatclause；而且what在從句中可用做主語、賓語或者表語。此從句在結(jié)構(gòu)上相當(dāng)于“the名詞定語從句”。After a hard time they came to what is called America today.艱難的努力后他們來到了現(xiàn)在稱作美洲的地方。We now live in what is called the Information Age.我們現(xiàn)在生活在所謂的信息時代。He graduated from what was called a key high school.他畢業(yè)于一所所謂的重點高中。即境活用1(1)(2020;2020·浙江卷)Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from _ their parents speak at home.Awhat BthatCwhich Done答案：A解析：句意：一些孩子想學(xué)習(xí)一門不同于家中父母所講的語言來挑戰(zhàn)自我。what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，在句中做from的賓語。(2)A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago.Awhat BwhichCthat Dwhere答案：A解析：該句意為：一座現(xiàn)代化的城市在十年前是一片廢墟的地方建立起來。2He would much rather keep time for his hobbies. 他寧愿把時間花在自己的愛好上。(1)would rather 意為“寧愿，更愿意”，后接動詞原形，否定式是在 would rather 后加 not/never。Shall we dine out?Id rather stay at home.我們要不要出去吃飯？我寧愿留在家里。Id rather not tell anybody about it.我不愿把這事告訴任何人。(2)would rather do sth. than do sth./would do sth. rather than do sth. 意為“寧愿做某事而不去做某事”。I would rather listen to others than talk myself.我愿意聽別人說，自己不愿意說。He would rather die than give in. 他寧死不屈。(3)would rather have done sth. 意為“要是做過某事就好了；寧愿做過某事”，表示后悔或遺憾等語氣。I would rather have taken his advice yesterday.我昨日要是聽了他的建議就好了。(4)would rather 后接 that從句時，從句中的謂語動詞用過去時態(tài)虛擬語氣。I would rather (that) he didnt come.我寧愿他沒來。Id rather you told me the truth.我更愿意你給我講實話。即境活用2(1)Would you mind my using your computer for a little while?_.ANo, please don't BI'd rather you didn'tCI'm afraid not DSure, it's my pleasure答案：B解析：考查交際用語。I'd rather you didn't. 常用來委婉拒絕別人的請求。(2)I would rather _ the football match last night with my friends; otherwise, I would have finished my paperwork by now.Anot have watched Bnot watchChadn't watched Dhaven't watched答案：A解析：考查 would rather (not)have done 意為“寧愿(未)做過某事”，表示后悔或遺憾。易 錯 點 撥 自我完善·誤區(qū)備考1.expand/extend/spread/stretch(1)expand“展開，擴大”，不僅指尺寸的增加，還可指范圍和體積的擴大。(2)extend “伸出，延伸”，指空間范圍的擴大，以及長度、寬度的朝外延伸，也可指時間的延長。(3)spread“伸開，傳播”，一般指向四面八方擴大傳播的范圍，如傳播(疾病)，散布(信息)等。(4)stretch“伸展，拉長”，一般指由曲變直、由短變長的伸展，不是加長。應(yīng)用1(1)The cat _ out in front of the fire.貓在火爐前伸開四肢。(2)The hot weather _ to October.炎熱的天氣一直持續(xù)到十月份。(3)As children grow older they _ their interests and become more confident.隨著年齡的增長，孩子們的興趣會變廣泛，人也會變得更自信。stretchedextendedexpand(4)The fire soon _ to the nearby buildings.火勢不久就蔓延到鄰近的建筑。spread2. would rather的用法應(yīng)用2(1)Did you say anything at the meeting?Yes, but _ it.AId rather not doBId rather not doingCId rather not have doneDId rather not did答案：C解析：would rather not have done，表示“寧愿沒有做，而實際上做了”。(2)Would you rather _ there tomorrow?No. Id rather he _ there instead of me.Ato go; will go Bgo; wentCgo; will go Dgoing; shall go答案：B解析：Would you rather do sth.？“你愿意做嗎？”因此第一個空要用動詞原形；第二個空要用虛擬語氣，即would rather sb. did sth.“寧愿別人做”。(3)Will you join us in playing cards?Thank you, but _ at the moment.AId like to not BIm afraid soCId rather not DId better not to答案：C解析：A項中的not要放在to前才對；B項中的so要改為I cant才對；D項中的to應(yīng)去掉才對。(4)The final exam is coming. Would you mind my staying up late, going over my lessons?Id rather you _. With the light on, I cant fall asleep.Adont BdidntCwont Dhavent答案：B解析：“would rather從句”時，從句的謂語動詞用過去時，選B。高 效 作 業(yè) 自我測評·技能備考.單詞拼寫1They asked so many questions that I got c_.2Metals e_ when they are heated.3The people there are fighting to gain their f_ from foreign control.4We are not doing a c_ experiment but a physical one.5India e_ tea and cotton to many different countries.confusedexpandfreedomchemicalexports6Now, people in the south grow a lot of rice that has a high _ (產(chǎn)量)7This kind of food contains all the _ (營養(yǎng)) our body needs.8People in the area were ground down by _ (饑餓) and poverty.9They have sold up ten bottles of _ (礦泉) water in the afternoon.10We should make a _(總結(jié)) of the results of the exam briefly.outputnutritionhungermineralsummary .單項選擇1(2020;2020·華師大附中)How long have these archaeologists stayed in this village?Not long, just _ this Monday.Aon BuntilCafter Dsince答案：D解析：考查介詞。依據(jù)問句可知是現(xiàn)在完成時，而A、B、C三個選項都不能與現(xiàn)在完成時連用，只有since與過去時間點連用時用現(xiàn)在完成時，故D正確。2The policeman's _ traffic directions made all the drivers quite _.Aconfused; confusedBconfusing; confusingCconfusing; confusedDconfused; confusing答案：C解析：confusing “令人迷惑的”，多修飾物；confused “感到迷惑的”，多修飾人。3Robert is indeed a wise man.Oh, yes. How often I have regretted _ his advice!Ato take BtakingCnot to take Dnot taking答案：D解析：考查regret 的用法。 regret to do 遺憾要做某事，regret doing 后悔做了某事。題意為“我經(jīng)常后悔沒有聽取他的建議”。4If I ruled the world I would _ the world _ wars, killers and everything else that is bad.Aget rid of; by Bbe rid of; byCrid; of Dget rid; of答案：C解析：考查 rid.of.“使擺脫”。5(2020;2020·安徽皖南八校二聯(lián))One primary goal of UNESCO is to _ modern knowledge society in which all people can participate in information and knowledge.Amake up Bpolish upCbuild up Dtake up答案：C解析：考查動詞短語辨析。build up建立；take up從事；polish up改善，潤色；make up彌補，虛構(gòu)，整理，和解，化妝。句意：建立現(xiàn)代化的知識社會，讓所有的人都能參與信息與知識，是聯(lián)合國教科文組織的主要目標(biāo)之一。6Through determination, she had learned to read and write and _ to become part of the leadership of the village.Aappeared BstruggledChesitated Dfailed答案：B解析：struggle to do sth. 意為“努力做某事”。7(2020;2020·南昌二中)On the bank of the river, we found him _ on a beach, with his eyes _ on a kite in the sky.Aseated; fixing Bsitting; fixingCseated; being fixed Dsitting; fixed答案：D解析：考查非謂語動詞。第一空用seated或sitting作賓補，第二空是with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，由fix one's eyes on sth可知應(yīng)用過去分詞fixed。8How does Alma like her new job?She _ with the hours.Acan't satisfy Bisn't satisfiedCdoesn't satisfy Dhasn't satisfied答案：B解析：be satisfied with 對感到滿意。satisfy vt. “使?jié)M意”，主語是物，賓語是人。9(2020;2020·山西太原五中)The falling of the new building _ its soft base.Aresulted in Bsuffered fromCled to Dlay in答案：D解析：考查短語辨析。語意：新樓的倒塌在于根基不牢。此處lie in表示“(原因)在于”。A項與C項的意思基本相同，表示“導(dǎo)致”，B項表示“遭受”，都不符合語意。10He had to take the medicine three times a day, so as to be_pain in the leg.Afar from Baway fromCapart from Dfree from答案：D解析：be free from “免除，擺脫”； far from“遠離” ；be away from “離開”；apart from “除了”。句意為“他不得不每天吃三次藥，為的是擺脫腿部的疼痛”。11Much of the farm is under water; _ the grain, most of that has been ruined.Aowing to Bthanks toCas for Das with答案：C解析：句意：農(nóng)場大部分被水淹了；至于谷物，大部分已被毀了。A.由于；B.幸虧，由于；C.至于；D.與一樣。12He was very busy, and _ he didnt go to the party that night.Ahowever BotherwiseCtherefore Danyhow答案：C解析：however然而；otherwise否則；therefore因此；anyhow不管怎樣。13The population of Africa is _ so rapidly as to cause concern of the whole world.Aexpanding BstretchingCextending Dspreading答案：A解析：expand 不僅指尺寸增加，還可指范圍和體積的擴大。stretch指由曲變直、由短變長；extend指空間范圍的擴大或長寬的向外延伸，也指時間的延長；spread 指向四面八方擴大或傳播。14China has successfully sent up the Shenzhou spacecraft into the sky _ with devices of sophisticated science and technology.Aequipped BequippingCto be equipped Dhaving been equipped答案：A解析：be equipped with “裝備有”，句中equipped 為過去分詞做后置定語。15Did you scold the boy for his mistakes?Yes, but _ it.AI'd rather not doBI'd not better doCI'd rather not to have doneDI'd rather not have done答案：D解析：考查 would rather的用法。would rather (not) have done 表示遺憾，“寧愿(未)做某事”。 .完形填空It was a normal Monday morning at an assembly, and the old headmaster was addressing the students on important things in life and about _1_ ourselves to what is important to us. This is how the story went：An old man lived in a certain part of London, and he would wake up every morning and go to the _2_. He would get the train right to Central London, and then sit at the street corner and _3_. He would do this every single day of his life. He sat at the same street corner and begged for almost 20 years.His house was filthy (骯臟的), and a stench came out of the house and it smelled _4_ . The neighbors could not _5_ the smell anymore, so they summoned the police officers to _6_ the place. The officers _7_ down the door and cleaned the house. There were small bags of _8_ all over the house that he had _9_ over the years.The police counted the money, and they soon realized that the old man was a _10_. They waited outside his house in anticipation (預(yù)料) to _11_ the good news with him. When he arrived home that evening, he was met by one of the officers who told him that there was no _12_ for him to beg any more as he was a rich man now, a millionaire.He said _13_ at all; he went into his house and locked the door. The next morning he woke up as usual, went to the street and continued to beg._14_， this old man had no great plans, dreams or anything _15_ for his life. We learn nothing from this story other than staying _16_ the things we enjoy doing, commitment.We should remain true to our course, which may mean devoting yourselves to things that people around you would _17_ disapprove. Let nothing distract us from being happy; let nothing else determine our fate, but _18_ .What makes us happy is what _19_ in the end.not what we acquire (獲得)This particular story is one such lesson that I will never forget. Every time I don't concentrate on course, I get _20_ of this story.1A. attracting B. agreeingC. believing D. devoting2A. street B. factoryC. subway D. airport3A. beg B. waitC. attempt D. evaluate4A. pleasant B. horribC. endless D. serious5A. explain B. forgetC. judge D. tolerate6