名詞、冠詞和代詞(共3組，每組限時(shí)8分鐘)1(2020·四川省六校第一次聯(lián)合診斷)Both sides are determined to get what they want, and there seems to be no possibility of _.AcompetenceBcompositionCcompetition Dcompromise解析：選D考查名詞辨析。句意：雙方都決意得到他們想要的東西，似乎沒有妥協(xié)的可能。competence“能力；勝任；本領(lǐng)”；composition“成分；作品”；competition“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”；compromise“妥協(xié)；折衷”。2(2020·江西景德鎮(zhèn)市一模)This online game has been intended to improve children's _.Aintelligence BreputationCresponsibility Dimpression解析：選A考查名詞辨析。句意：這個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲是為了提高孩子們的智力。intelligence“智力”，符合句意。reputation“名譽(yù)”；responsibility“責(zé)任”；impression“印象”。3(2020·山東青島一模)I was told that _ 10：20 flight would take us to Shanghai in time to reach _ Fudan University.Athe; / Bthe; aCa; the D/; the解析：選A考查冠詞。句意：有人告訴我說(shuō)10：20的航班會(huì)帶我們?nèi)ド虾２⒓皶r(shí)到達(dá)復(fù)旦大學(xué)?！?0：20的航班”是特指，故第一個(gè)空填the；復(fù)旦大學(xué)是專有名詞，故第二個(gè)空不填冠詞。4(2020·江西重點(diǎn)中學(xué)高三一模)As _ rule, part­time workers such as babysitters or English tutors are paid by _ hour.Athe; an Ba; anCa; the Dthe; /解析：選C考查冠詞。第一個(gè)空泛指“某一個(gè)規(guī)則”，用不定冠詞a；by the hour是固定用法，表示“按小時(shí)”。5(2020·重慶江北區(qū)一模)I've always wanted an iPhone and I've just saved enough money to buy _.Ait BthisCthat Done解析：選D考查代詞。句意：我一直想要一部iPhone手機(jī)，而且我剛剛攢夠了錢要去買一個(gè)。one常用來(lái)指代上文提到的同類事物中的“一個(gè)”，表示泛指。故選D。6(2020·安徽馬鞍山兩校第一次聯(lián)考)Can I ask you a few straightforward questions about yourself?Sure. I like _ when people are open and direct.Athat BthisCit Dthem解析：選C考查it的特殊用法。I like it when .是固定句式，表示“我喜歡”，此處it無(wú)實(shí)義。7(2020·陜西寶雞市一模)Would you like to go shopping with me on Saturday or Sunday?I'm sorry. _ will suit me. I'll be away on business during that period.ABoth BNoneCEither DNeither解析：選D考查代詞。句意：“星期六或星期天陪我去購(gòu)物好嗎？”“對(duì)不起。那兩天都不行。我那段時(shí)間將正在出差?！睆腎'm sorry可知空處表示否定意義，且由空后內(nèi)容可知，此處表示對(duì)兩者的否定，neither意為“兩者都不”，故選D。8(2020·太原一模)Who is standing over there?It must be _ from an express company.Aeverybody BsomebodyCnobody Danybody解析：選B考查不定代詞的用法。句意：“誰(shuí)站在那兒？”“肯定是快遞公司的某個(gè)人?！痹诳隙ň渲?，表示不確定的某人要用不定代詞somebody。9(2020·遼寧大連第一次雙基測(cè)試)Mo Yan, a most widely­read writer, takes a complete new _ to describing China's rural and folk culture.Away BapproachCpassage Dentry解析：選B考查名詞辨析。句意：莫言的作品被廣泛閱讀，他采用了全新的方法來(lái)描述中國(guó)的鄉(xiāng)村民俗文化。 an approach to為固定搭配，相當(dāng)于a way of，意為“的方法”；passage指人們行走的“通道，走廊”；entry意為“進(jìn)入；進(jìn)入權(quán)；入口處”。10(2020·安徽蚌埠第一次質(zhì)檢)Finding information in today's world is easy. The _ is how you can tell if the information you get is useful or not.Aknowledge BabilityCcompetition Dchallenge解析：選D考查名詞辨析。句意：當(dāng)今世界找尋信息很容易，但困難的事是你如何辨別你所獲得的信息是否有用。knowledge“知識(shí)”；ability“能力”；competition“競(jìng)賽”；challenge: a new or difficult task“挑戰(zhàn)；艱巨任務(wù)”。11(2020·東北三校一模)The police managed to gain _ through an upstairs window.Aapproach BwayCaccess Dpassage解析：選C考查名詞辨析。句意：警方設(shè)法通過(guò)樓上的一扇窗戶進(jìn)入。approach, way, passage都有“道路，通道”的意思，且都為可數(shù)名詞；access為不可數(shù)名詞，意為“通道，入徑”。空處前沒有冠詞，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有access為不可數(shù)名詞，故選C。12(2020·日照一模)Music is _ universal language and it is one of _ ways to learn about another culture.Athe; the Ba; /Cthe; / Da; the解析：選D考查冠詞。第一個(gè)空應(yīng)用不定冠詞，泛指“一種通用的語(yǔ)言”，universal雖以元音字母開頭，但它的發(fā)音卻并非以元音音素開頭，故第一空用a；第二個(gè)空后面有動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ)，是特指。13(2020·福建三明三校第一次聯(lián)考)At the meeting the chairman appealed to us to take _ full advantage of the chance of hosting the coming YOG to create _ better Nanjing.Aa; a Bthe; /C/; / D/; a解析：選D考查冠詞。take advantage of是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“利用”，故第一空不用冠詞；a better Nanjing表示“一個(gè)更好的南京”，表示地名的專有名詞前面如果有形容詞修飾，用不定冠詞，表示“一個(gè)”。故選D。14(2020·陜西寶雞高三第一次聯(lián)考)Jogging every morning is _ good habit. Stick to it, and you'll make _ great progress.Aa; / Ba; aCthe; a D/; /解析：選A考查冠詞。句意：每天早上慢跑是個(gè)好習(xí)慣。堅(jiān)持下去，你就會(huì)取得很大進(jìn)步?！癬 good habit”泛指“一個(gè)好習(xí)慣”，第一空應(yīng)用不定冠詞a；progress為不可數(shù)名詞，make progress為固定詞組，表示“取得進(jìn)步”。故A項(xiàng)正確。15(2020·四川南充市第一次適應(yīng)性考試)You look very beautiful in this dress and there is only one of this kind left here. I wonder if you would buy _.Aone BitCsome Dany解析：選B考查代詞。根據(jù)“there is only one of this kind left here”可知，此處表示前面提到的那一條裙子，所以選B。1(2020·陜西寶雞二模)In his absence, I would like to thank all concerned on my brother's _.Abehalf BpartCbusiness Dinterest解析：選A考查名詞辨析。句意：我弟弟沒在場(chǎng)，我想代表他向所有相關(guān)的人員表示感謝。on sb.'s behalf on behalf of sb.，為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“代表某人”，符合句意。for sb.'s part“就某人而言”；on business“因公”；in sb.'s interest“為了某人的利益”。2(2020·煙臺(tái)高三二模)It was a difficult job for him.He had tried everything but it made little _.Ause BgoodCdifference Dresult解析：選C考查名詞辨析。句意：這項(xiàng)工作對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)有點(diǎn)難，他做了各種各樣的努力，但沒有什么成效。make a difference“起作用；有影響”，此處的make little difference表示“沒有多大作用”，符合題意。3(2020·臨沂二模)The patient's family has expressed their _ to the press in letters for the money raised.Apurpose BapologiesCgratitude Dsympathy解析：選C考查名詞辨析。句意：病人家屬為收到的捐款向媒體表達(dá)了感激之情。 purpose“目的”；apology“道歉”；gratitude“感激；感謝”；sympathy“同情”。4(2020·江西六校二模)University is _ most worthwhile time of discovery and learning, and it is also _ very enjoyable and valuable experience for every one of us.Aa; a Bthe; /C/; a Da; the解析：選A考查冠詞。句意：大學(xué)是一段學(xué)習(xí)和探索的非常有價(jià)值的時(shí)光，而且對(duì)于我們每一個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)也是一次很快樂(lè)很有價(jià)值的經(jīng)歷。第一空，因?yàn)闆]有明確的范圍，故不用最高級(jí)，a most意為“很，非常”；experience意為“經(jīng)歷”時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞，在這里是泛指，所以前面需要用不定冠詞。5(2020·安徽省級(jí)示范高中名校二模)As _ birthplace of Huaxia civilization, Xi'an is _ city with a long history and abundant cultural relics.Athe; a Ba; aC/; a Dthe; /解析：選A考查冠詞。句意：作為華夏文明的發(fā)源地，西安是一座擁有悠久歷史和豐富的文化底蘊(yùn)的城市。birthplace后面有of短語(yǔ)作其后置定語(yǔ)，且“發(fā)源地”具有唯一性，故birthplace在本句中表特指，用定冠詞the；第二空后的city為可數(shù)名詞，但“擁有悠久歷史和豐富的文化底蘊(yùn)”的城市并非只有西安，故第二空應(yīng)該表泛指，需用不定冠詞。故選A。6(2020·山東日照二模)The teacher praised me for _ progress I'd made, which was _ great encouragement to me.Athe; / Bthe; aC/; a D/; /解析：選B考查冠詞。句意：老師因?yàn)槲胰〉玫倪M(jìn)步而表?yè)P(yáng)我，這對(duì)我是一個(gè)很大的鼓勵(lì)。progress后有定語(yǔ)從句修飾，意為“我取得的進(jìn)步”，為特指；第二空a great encouragement意為“一件很鼓舞人的事情”，此處encouragement為可數(shù)名詞，故選B。7(2020·江西重點(diǎn)中學(xué)二模)The cultural background of China is totally different from _ of the US.Aone BthatCthese Dthose解析：選B考查代詞。句意：中國(guó)的文化背景與美國(guó)的完全不同。that指代前文提到的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，故此處用that指代The cultural background。8(2020·陜西咸陽(yáng)二模)Listening to music can be very enjoyable, but _ can be appreciated unless you like it.Anothing BsomethingCeverything Danything解析：選A考查代詞。句意：聽音樂(lè)是一件很愜意的事，但是除非你喜歡它，否則什么也欣賞不到。根據(jù)句意可知，答案為A，表示“沒有什么”。9(2020·遼寧五校協(xié)作體二模) I can't say which type of tea tastes better. It's just a(n) _ of personal preference.Aaffair BproblemCvariety Dmatter解析：選D考查名詞辨析。句意：我不能說(shuō)哪種類型的茶口味更好。這只是個(gè)人口味的問(wèn)題。It's just a matter of .“這只是的問(wèn)題”，符合句意。10(2020·江蘇南京二模)Sometimes it's a bit challenging to reach a _ between parents' expectations and their kids' desires.Acommitment BcomprehensionCcooperation Dcompromise解析：選D考查名詞辨析。句意：有時(shí)在家長(zhǎng)的期望和孩子的愿望之間達(dá)成妥協(xié)有點(diǎn)困難。commitment“承諾”；comprehension“理解(力)”；cooperation“合作”；compromise“妥協(xié)；折衷”。11(2020·承德二模)I found that she was unhappy and didn't say _ word all _ way home.Aa; the B/; /Ca; / D/; the解析：選A考查冠詞。句意：我發(fā)現(xiàn)她不高興，回家的路上都沒有說(shuō)一句話。word表示“說(shuō)的話”時(shí)，為可數(shù)名詞，常和say, understand, hear等詞連用，故第一空用不定冠詞a；all the way home意為“回家的路上”，為固定搭配，故第二空用定冠詞the。12(2020·福建名校二檢)If _ of you is against the plan, we will carry it out immediately.Asomeone BanyoneCeveryone Dnone解析：選D考查不定代詞。句意：如果你們當(dāng)中沒有人反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃，我們就立即執(zhí)行。none“沒有一個(gè)”，符合句意。13(2020·山東省膠東示范學(xué)校二模)It's dangerous to take photos of lightning.The challenge is not for _， but I think it's worth attempting.Aanybody BeverybodyCnobody Dsomebody解析：選B考查不定代詞。句意：“拍閃電太危險(xiǎn)了?！薄斑@個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)不是針對(duì)所有人的，但我覺得值得一試?！眅verybody“每人，人人”，符合語(yǔ)境。14(2020·陜西五校二模)Will you take these shoes?No, they don't fit me. Show me _.Aanother one Bany otherCthe other Dsome others解析：選D考查代詞。根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)用some others，相當(dāng)于some other shoes，表示“另外一些鞋子”。15(2020·福建龍巖三校二模)So, which would you take, the green sweater or the blue one, madam?_. Can I see some others? I want a pink one.AEither BNeitherCNone DAnyone解析：選B考查代詞。從“I want a pink one.”可知，這位顧客對(duì)售貨員介紹的藍(lán)色毛衣和綠色毛衣都不滿意，所以用neither，表示“兩者都不”。1The boss showed his_ of Tom's hard work in the company by raising his pay to $ 5,000 a month.Adistinction BpromotionCappreciation Dreservation解析：選C考查名詞辨析。句意：老板通過(guò)將湯姆的月薪提升至5 000美元來(lái)表示對(duì)他努力工作的賞識(shí)。appreciation意為“欣賞，賞識(shí)”，符合句意。2Much to our surprise, the witness's _ of the traffic accident differed from the official version in several aspects.Aaccount BopinionCinstruction Dexplanation解析：選A考查名詞辨析。句意：讓我們大吃一驚的是，目擊者對(duì)這起交通事故的描述在幾個(gè)方面和官方的版本不同。account“描述”，符合句意。opinion“看法”；instruction“說(shuō)明”；explanation“解釋”。3We all sighed with _ relief when _ plane finally landed safely.Aa; / B/; theCa; a Da; the解析：選B考查冠詞。句意：當(dāng)飛機(jī)最后安全著陸的時(shí)候，我們?nèi)既玑屩刎?fù)地松了一口氣。relief作“輕松；解脫” 講時(shí)，為不可數(shù)名詞，故第一空不填冠詞；“_ plane”特指我們乘坐的飛機(jī)，故第二空用定冠詞the。4How do you find the guy who took _ office last week?He's always finding _ fault with others.A/; a Bthe; aC/; / Dthe; /解析：選C句意：“你覺得上周就職的那個(gè)人怎么樣？”“他總是找別人的茬。”take office“就職”，find fault with sb.“找某人的茬”，兩者均為固定短語(yǔ)，故兩個(gè)空均不填冠詞。5It's said that Tom is a wise manager in your company.Oh, no, he is _ but a wise leader.Aanything BanyoneCanybody Danywhere解析：選A考查代詞。句意：“聽說(shuō)你們公司的湯姆是個(gè)英明的經(jīng)理?！薄?哦，不是。他一點(diǎn)兒也不英明?！盿nything but表示“一點(diǎn)兒也不”，符合語(yǔ)境。6We are in great need of a more capable manager, _ with straightforward personality as well as good humor.Athe one BwhoCwhich Done解析：選D考查代詞。句意：我們急需一名更能干的經(jīng)理，他要有直率的性格和良好的幽默感。分析句子成分可知，空處不引導(dǎo)從句，故排除B、C兩項(xiàng)；而one a manager, the one the manager，這里指代的是a more capable manager，故選D。7The Foreign Ministry Spokeswoman on Thursday urged Japan to stop making irresponsible _ on the incident in waters off the Diaoyu Islands.Acomments BexplanationsCarguments Ddebates解析：選A考查名詞辨析。句意：這個(gè)外交部女發(fā)言人周四敦促日本停止對(duì)在釣魚島海域所發(fā)生的事件的不負(fù)責(zé)任的評(píng)論。make comments on“對(duì)進(jìn)行評(píng)論”，符合句意。8What does PM 2.5 mean?It's a professional _ indicating the condition of air pollution.Aterm BitemCnumber Dmark解析：選A考查名詞辨析。句意：“PM 2.5是什么意思？”“它是一個(gè)表示空氣污染狀況的專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)?！眛erm“術(shù)語(yǔ)”，符合句意。item“項(xiàng)目”；number“數(shù)字”；mark“記號(hào)”。9One reason for her _ for city life is that she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.Areference BpreferenceCperformance Dconsequence解析：選B考查名詞辨析。句意：她喜歡城市生活的一個(gè)原因是她能很方便地去商店、飯店這樣的地方。preference“偏愛，喜愛”，符合句意。reference“參考”；performance“表演，演出”； consequence“后果”。10Because of H7N9 bird flu, all the chicken markets in Shanghai have been closed and won't open until further _.Asign BsymbolCcontact Dnotice解析：選D考查名詞辨析。句意：因?yàn)镠7N9禽流感，上海所有的活禽市場(chǎng)都被關(guān)閉直到另行通知才能開放。sign“跡象；手勢(shì)”；symbol“象征；符號(hào)”；contact“聯(lián)系”；notice“通知”。根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)選D。7I have learned that it's taking _ long time to become _ person I want to be.Athe; a Ba; theCthe; the D/; a解析：選B考查冠詞。a long time意為“很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間”；“_ person I want to be”特指“我想成為的那種人”，第二空應(yīng)用定冠詞the。11_ relation between China and Russia has developed steadily since Vladimir Putin was re­elected _ president last May.AThe; the BA; theCThe; / DA; /解析：選C考查冠詞。句意：自從去年5月普京再次當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)后，中國(guó)和俄羅斯之間的關(guān)系穩(wěn)步發(fā)展。第一空填定冠詞the，特指中國(guó)和俄羅斯之間的關(guān)系；當(dāng)表示頭銜、職位的名詞作表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，其前不加冠詞。故選C。12_Beijing of 2020 saw its first snowfall in the month of November.Oh, it came as _ surprise to us.AThe; the BThe; aC/; a D/; the解析：選B考查冠詞。句意：“2020年北京的第一場(chǎng)雪是在11月下的?！薄班?，對(duì)于我們來(lái)說(shuō)，它是一件令人驚訝的事情?！钡谝豢沼珊竺娴?020修飾，表示特指，用定冠詞the；第二空后的surprise是抽象名詞具體化，表示“一件令人驚訝的事”，是泛指，用不定冠詞a。13It is not so difficult to learn English well. _ you need is listening, speaking, reading and writing it every day.AEverything BAllCEach DSomething解析：選B考查代詞。句意：學(xué)好英語(yǔ)并不是那么難。你所要做的是每天聽、說(shuō)、讀和寫英語(yǔ)。everything“每件事情”；all“全部”；each“每個(gè)”；something“某事”?？仗帪橄刃性~，后面跟的是定語(yǔ)從句，根據(jù)后面的“聽、說(shuō)、讀和寫”可知，這是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的全部。故選B。14It makes good sense to buy a large packet because _ will work out cheaper in the end.Ait BthisCone Dthey解析：選A考查代詞。句意：買大盒的是很明智的做法，因?yàn)榇蠛械淖罱K算下來(lái)更便宜。此處代詞指代前面提到的a large packet，屬同一事物，故選it。15Since my childhood I have found that _ is more attractive than reading, which is my favorite.Aeverything BnothingCsomething Danything解析：選B考查不定代詞。句意：從小時(shí)候起，我就覺得讀書是我的最愛，對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)沒有什么比它更有吸引力了。根據(jù)句意B項(xiàng)正確。