Unit 3Under the sea【熱點(diǎn)話題】Nature(自然)介紹海洋動(dòng)物：海豚體裁：說明文寫作思路：海豚生存地點(diǎn)海豚的本領(lǐng)海豚的習(xí)性。【美文誦讀】In_the_vast_ocean_live_many_creatures with_great_intellectual_and_physical_capacities.Dolphin is one of those great creatures，whose capacities to think and move at an amazing rate puzzle those who study their behaviors.Dolphins' brain，which is almost the_same_size_as that found in the human head，makes them different from all the other sea creatures.Dolphins' babies are born in the water.They can grow up to three and a half meters long.Dolphins use_sound_to_help_them find their way，look for their food and talk with each other.Sound is just_like their eyes and mouths.【學(xué)海拾貝】按要求完成或翻譯下列句子。1在山上有許多野生動(dòng)物。(模仿用倒裝語序翻譯)On the mountains live_many_wild_animals2瑪麗是個(gè)漂亮的女孩，眼睛大大的。(with)Mary is a beautiful girl with_big_eyes3這個(gè)包與你昨天買的那個(gè)一樣大。(size)This bag is the_same_size_as the one youbought yesterday.4這個(gè)男孩用一根棍子在沙地上寫下幾個(gè)字。(use sth.to do sth.)The boy used a stick to_write a few words in the sand.5李明就像我的哥哥。(just like)Li Ming is just_like_my_brother.按要求寫出下列單詞1年刊，年鑒；每年的 n& adj.annual2目擊者，證人，目擊 n& vwitness3岸，海濱 nshore4喊聲；大叫 n& vyell5放棄，遺棄，拋棄 vabandon6在對面；相對的，相反的 prep.& adj.opposite7跳水，潛水 n& vdive8催促，極力主張 vurge9目標(biāo)，受批評的對象 ntarget10意識到的，知道的 adj.aware11生動(dòng)的，鮮艷的adj.vivid生動(dòng)地，鮮艷地adv. vividly生動(dòng)n. vividness12毒藥；毒害n.& v. poison有毒的adj.poisonous13銳利的，鋒利的，敏捷的adj. sharp銳利地，鋒利地 adv.sharply使變得鋒利v. sharpen14味道；品嘗n.& v. taste好吃的，可口的adj. tasty無味的，不可口的adj. tasteless15深度n. depth深的adj. deep深深地adv. deeply加深v. deepen用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1This gas is highly poisonous and can poison a person at once.(poison)2“Who sharpened the knife？” He asked sharply(sharp)3Though the soup is tasty，I've lost my sense of taste and it tastes just like tasteless water.(taste)4The little girl walked out to scare away the dog，but when the dog barked towards her，she was almost scared to death.(scare)5I vividly remember the picture he drew last week whose colours were vivid(vivid).翻譯下列短語1在的前面 ，比好ahead_of2在此期間，與此同時(shí) in_the_meantime3幫助擺脫困難 help_out4對知道；明白；意識到 be/become_aware_of5嚇?biāo)懒?be)_scared_to_death6列個(gè)清單 make_a_list_of7上下翻轉(zhuǎn)upside_down8在遠(yuǎn)處 in_the_distance9仔細(xì)考慮，思考reflect_on/upon10一包；一群 a_pack_of選用上述短語完成下列短文。Jack decided to treat his friends to a big meal.He (1) reflected_on the whole thing carefully and (2) made_a_list_of the dish they should prepare for the meal.Together with his wife，he went to the market to buy all the things they needed.Unfortunately，his wife (3) was_scared_to_death because there were some snakes crawling in all directions at the market.Police came to control the situation.Later they knew that several businessmen were caught by the police for selling snakes and people (4)were_aware_of the importance of not catching or killing or eating wild animals.重點(diǎn)句型1This was the call that announced there was about to be a whale hunt.(p.20)這是宣告捕鯨行動(dòng)馬上就要開始的聲音。be about to do sth. 正要做某事be about to.when.正要這時(shí)I was about to go out when a distant relative came to visit me.我正要出門時(shí)一個(gè)遠(yuǎn)親來看我了。模仿造句用上述句型完成下列句子。(1)他們剛要吃晚飯，他們的媽媽卻突然病了。They_were_about_to_have_supper_when_their_mother_fell_ill_suddenly.(2)我正打算告訴你湯姆要結(jié)婚了，卻傳來了他受傷的消息。I_was_about_to_tell_you_that_Tom_was_going_to_marry_when_word_came_that_he_was_injured.2Clancy didn't mind being told what to do.(p.23)克蘭西不介意被告知做什么。mind后跟動(dòng)詞作賓語時(shí)，該動(dòng)詞用v.­ing形式，此句用了動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。I didn't mind being laughed at if you didn't mean to hurt me.只要你不是有意傷害我，我不介意被你嘲笑。模仿造句用上述句型完成下列句子。(1)他似乎不介意被杰克一再愚弄。He_didn't_seem_to_mind_being_fooled_by_Jack_once_and_again.(2)無緣無故被懲罰，你不介意嗎？Didn't_you_mind_being_punished_for_no_reason?3It took over half an hour to get the boat back to James.(p.21)用了半個(gè)多小時(shí)才把船劃回到詹姆斯身邊。It takes(sb.)time/money/energy to do sth.做某事花費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間/金錢/精力It_took_them_a_long_time_to_be friends again after the quarrel.爭吵之后他們花了很長時(shí)間才重新成為朋友。模仿造句用上述句型完成下列句子。(1)It_took_me_quite_a_long_time(我花了相當(dāng)長的時(shí)間)to understand the meaning of the painting by Picasso.(2)It_will_take_the_scientists_two_years_or_so(科學(xué)家們將花兩年左右的時(shí)間)to complete the project.用上述句型翻譯下列小片段。張先生不介意把報(bào)告重寫了十遍，他花了一個(gè)星期才把報(bào)告寫完。感覺寫得不錯(cuò)，他把報(bào)告發(fā)到了經(jīng)理的郵箱。他正要回家時(shí)，電話響了。是經(jīng)理的電話。經(jīng)理說他決定用張先生的第一個(gè)報(bào)告。Mr.Zhang_didn't_mind_rewriting_the_report_for_ten_times_and_it_took_him_a_week_to_finish_the_report.Feeling_he_did_a_good_job，he_e­mailed_the_report_to_the_manager.He_was_about_to_go_home_when_the_telephone_rang.It_was_the_manager.who_told_him_he_decided_to_take_Mr.Zhang's_first_report. 表舉例關(guān)系的連接詞：for example，for instance，for one thing，for another，such as等。這類連接詞表明下文將給出具體的例子。表解釋說明關(guān)系的連接詞：in other words，namely，that is等。這類連接詞表明下文將對上文作進(jìn)一步的解釋說明，另外，諸如“：”和“”一類的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號也可以起到提示作用。表歸納總結(jié)關(guān)系的連接詞：as a result，so，briefly，in short，in a word，in brief，on the whole，to sum up等。這類連接詞表明下文將進(jìn)行歸納或總結(jié)?！纠?It is right to be kind to other people.We should not hurt or frighten others.Rules help us live together in harmony，because they show us the right way to_others.AfollowBtreatCinstruct Dguide解析：歸納總結(jié)。上文論及的都是“對待他人”的方式。答案：B【例】 Red is used for signs of_，such as stop signs and fire engines.Aroads BplacesCdangers Dways解析：舉例說明。such as后面講到的都是危險(xiǎn)信號。答案：C【例】 Have I given my readers all of the_，that is，fact，opinions that they need to understand my main idea?Ainformation BparagraphCevidence Dpassage解析：解釋說明。that is后面的內(nèi)容都與information有關(guān)。答案：A運(yùn)用所學(xué)的解題技巧完成下列微型完形填空題。(一)However，nowadays complaining in a restaurant may get you looked at like you are a bad­tempered old man who is acting too honestly.“Just relax. It's no big deal, ” your friends may say. But here is the problem with that 1：if you're a customer at a restaurant, and the restaurant provides you with an obvious service failure，you are perfectly 2to complain.1A.caseBproblemCattitude D. restaurant解析：歸納總結(jié)。上文都與“態(tài)度”有關(guān)。答案：C2A.right BrudeCparticular Dsmart解析：解釋說明。投訴劣質(zhì)服務(wù)是完全正確的。答案：A(二)Kuhl's previous studies show that between 8 and 10 months of age, monolingual (單語的) babies become1able to tell apart speech sounds of their native language.For instance, between 8 and 10 months of age babies exposed to English become better at noticing the2between r and l sounds.But at the same time their ability to tell sounds from a foreign language declines.1A.actively BunwillinglyCimmediately Dincreasingly解析：語義關(guān)聯(lián)。答案：D2A.similarity BdifferenceCsecret Drelationship解析：舉例說明。答案：B(三)It turned out that our entire class was angry or confused over the cameras.Out of a class of 18 students, 17 felt uncomfortable with the idea and decided to boycott(抵制) the room until the issue, and the students, were addressed.This was a difficult1as we were three months away from exams and we had five lessons a fortnight in the room.The student body was2and a petition (請?jiān)笗? gained over 130 signatures from Grade Six.1A.decision BthingCmatter Didea解析：與上文的decided屬原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。答案：A2A.objective BnegativeCsensitive Dsupportive解析：解釋說明。答案：D第一節(jié)閱讀理解閱讀下面的短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。(2020·湖北卷)Hilversum is a medium­sized city between the major cities of Amsterdam and Utrecht in the Gooi area of North Holland，the Netherlands.Unlike most of the Netherlands, Hilversum is actually in a hilly area with the soil mostly consisting of sand.Once called the Garden of Amsterdam，it still attracts travelers to come over to cycle and walk through the surrounding forests. They visit it for a relaxing day off from the urban madness. For Dutch people, Hilversum is all about textile(紡織) and media industries ，and modern architecture.In history，Hilversum was largely an agricultural area.Daily life was marked by farming，sheep raising and wool production.A railway link to Amsterdam in 1874 attracted rich traders from Amsterdam to Hilversum.They built themselves large villas(別墅)in the wooded surroundings of the town.One of the families moving in was the Brenninkmeijers，currently the wealthiest family of the Netherlands.They moved in after big success in the textile industry and aided a substantial textile industry in Hilversum. But the textile boom lasted only several decades.The last factory closed in the 1960s.The change to a media economy started in 1920，when the Nederlandse Seintoestellen Fabriek (NSF) established a radio factory in Hilversum.Most radio stations settled in the large villas in the leafy areas of the town.Television gave another push to the local economy.Hilversum became the media capital of the Netherlands，and Dutch television stars moved into the leafy neighborhoods surrounding the town.In the early 1900s，modern architects WM.Dudok and JDuiker placed hundreds of remarkable buildings in Hilversum.These modern architectural masterpieces(杰作)are so many that Hilversum almost feels like an open air museum.Dudok alone shaped most of 20th century Hilversum and approximately 75 buildings still bear his unique characteristics. His masterpiece，Hilversum Town Hall，was built in 19281931.It has wide international fame and is included in many architecture textbooks.The building has a remarkable shape and looks like a combination of“ blocks”Actually，one may start his journey of modern architecture by walking or biking the WM.Dudok Architectural Route in Hilversum.1Hilversum is different from most of the Netherlands in that_Ait has a large populationBit is cut off from big citiesCit has many beautiful gardensDit is in a hilly area with sandy soil2What was the greatest contribution of the Brenninkmeijers to Hilversum?ABuilding a railway link to Amsterdam.BHelping its textile industry to develop.CConstructing large villas for the poor.DAssisting its agricultural industry.3The beginning of the media industry in Hilversum was marked by the establishment of_Aa radio factoryBthe media capitalCa radio station Da TV station4What is known about WM.Dudok's Hilversum Town Hall?AIt consists of approximately 75 buildings.BIt looks like an open air museum in the city.CIt is a classic example in architecture textbooks.DIt has shaped most of 20th century Hilversum.語篇解讀：本文為說明文，題材是文化風(fēng)俗類。Hilversum是荷蘭一個(gè)中等大小的城市，與其他荷蘭城市不同，它擁有自己的特色，它的紡織行業(yè)、媒體行業(yè)和建筑行業(yè)非常聞名。1解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Unlike most of the Netherlands，Hilversum is actually in a hilly area with the soil mostly consisting of sand.”可以看出，Hilversum與荷蘭其他城市不同，它位于丘陵區(qū)域，這個(gè)區(qū)域的土壤中含沙較多。答案：D2解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第三句“They moved in after big success in the textile industry and aided a substantial textile industry in Hilversum.”可知，這一家人到這里來有助于Hilversum發(fā)展紡織業(yè)。答案：B3解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第三段第一句可知，該地在1920年開始轉(zhuǎn)向媒體經(jīng)濟(jì)，當(dāng)時(shí)NSF在這里建立了一家無線電廠，故A項(xiàng)正確。答案：A4解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“It has wide international fame and is included in many architecture textbooks.”可以得知，這座建筑世界聞名，被納入了很多建筑教材中，由此可推斷出C項(xiàng)正確，在很多建筑教材中，這座建筑都被視為典范。答案：C第二節(jié)完形填空閱讀下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后從120題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。When our restaurant business failed，we headed north in a camping truck to Texas，hoping to have a “fresh start”At the _1_ of Palo Duro Canyon(峽谷) State Park，I _2_ a job advertisement hiring park hosts.The position offered a _3_，permanent campsite in the park，and _4_，the hosts served as a link between the park's guests and the rangers(護(hù)林人)It was the perfect solution：a rent­free place to reorganize our lives. We entered the park and I made an _5_ for the following day.The park was _6_，so it took us some time to find an available site.That evening，as we finished our dinner, my wife saw two large skunks(臭鼬)walking toward our table.We _7_ climbed onto the table and，for the next four hours，waited for them to _8_ our camp.Having survived that night，we were _9_ that everything else would be all right.The next day we met with the people who ran the park.They explained our _10_ and gave us a beautiful campsite.That evening，_11_，we learned about the canyon _12_. They were strong and cold，rocking our little camping truck violently，and we lay _13_ in the dark until the winds died away.14_ the weeks that followed，we learned to survive in our truck and _15_ the little money my wife _16_ by substitute teaching.Building a successful business and then losing it had left very little time for building a successful _17_For a time after our business _18_ I thought I might lose my family as well.Living in the tiny _19_ with no television，we sat close together reading and talking.One evening，standing under a jeweled sky，I found myself _20_ for all the hardships.We had walked the trails and climbed the canyon walls. We had become a family!1A.backBentranceCcentre Dedge2A.answered BnoticedCpublished Dsponsored3A.free BsafeCconvenient Dbeautiful4A.in return Bin turnCin short Din time5A.attempt BappealCagreement Dappointment6A.quiet BidealCcrowded Ddangerous7A.calmly BeventuallyCimmediately Drepeatedly8A.search BpassCleave Dattack9A.aware BconfidentCdetermined Dsatisfied10A.responsibilities BrequirementsCcircumstances Dconditions11A.meanwhile BthereforeCmoreover Dhowever12A.winds BsnowsCwoods Dtrails13A.aching BmourningCquarrelling Dshaking14A.After BBeyondCDuring D. Between15A.live on Bhand outCgive away Dput aside16A.raised B. postedCearned Dborrowed17A.image BfamilyCcareer Dbusiness18A.declined BexpandedCfailed Dstarted19A.camp BhouseCpark Dtruck20A.desperate BreadyCsuitable D. thankful語篇解讀：本文為記敘文，題材為個(gè)人經(jīng)歷。文章講述了餐館倒閉后，作者全家去得克薩斯州開始新的生活的故事。在應(yīng)聘“park host”一職后，一家人雖然生活比較艱難，但家人之間更親密了。1解析：由該段最后一句中的“We entered the park”可知選B項(xiàng)。at the entrance of意為“在的入口處”。答案：B2解析：由語境可知我注意到了一則招聘廣告。答案：B3解析：根據(jù)下文“a rent­free place to reorganize our lives”可知，選A。free在此處意為“免費(fèi)的”。答案：A4解析：下文講述了“the hosts”的職責(zé)，故選A項(xiàng)。in return意為“作為回報(bào)，作為報(bào)答”。答案：A5解析：根據(jù)下文第三段中的“The next day we met with the people who ran the park.”可知，我和公園的負(fù)責(zé)人見了面，而在見面之前應(yīng)是先預(yù)約，故D項(xiàng)符合語境。make an appointment意為“預(yù)約”。答案：D6解析：根據(jù)下文“it took us some time to find an available site”可知，公園里的人很多，故選C項(xiàng)。crowded意為“人多的，擁擠的”。答案：C7解析：根據(jù)設(shè)空處前一句“那晚，當(dāng)我們吃完飯，我妻子看到兩只大臭鼬朝我們的飯桌爬過來”及后文“for the next four hours，waited for them to _8_ our camp”可推斷，我們?yōu)榱硕惚艹赭⒖膛赖斤堊郎厦嫒ィ蔆項(xiàng)符合語境。immediately立即，馬上。答案：C8解析：我們等待臭鼬離開我們的營地。leave意為“離開”。答案：C9解析：熬過了那個(gè)晚上，我們相信其他一切事情會比較順利的。confident有信心的，有把握的。答案：B10解析：他們給我們解釋了工作職責(zé)，并給我們提供了一個(gè)漂亮的野營車位。responsibility意為“職責(zé)，責(zé)任”。答案：A11解析：下文描述了我們在營地生活的艱難，與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故D項(xiàng)符合語境。however意為“然而，不過”。答案：D12解析：由下文的描述特別是段尾的“winds”可知。答案：A13解析：由上下文語境，特別是“cold”，可知選D。shake在此處意為“發(fā)抖”。答案：D14解析：during在期間。答案：C15解析：live on靠生活。答案：A16解析：earn money掙錢。答案：C17解析：根據(jù)下文“I thought I might lose my family as well”可知選B。答案：B18解析：根據(jù)文章開頭的“When our restaurant business failed”可知選C。答案：C19解析：根據(jù)上文15空前的“we learned to survive in our truck”和13空前的“our little camping truck”可知選D。答案：D20解析：由語境可知，雖然餐館倒閉后生活很艱苦，但家人之間更親密了。由此推斷我很感激生活中遇到的艱難困苦，故D項(xiàng)符合句意。thankful for意為“感激”。答案：D第三節(jié)語法填空閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空。Mustafa Kemal Ataturk，the founder of the Turkish Republic，devoted April 23 to the children of the world，to stress that 1._ were the future of a nation. Since 1920，Turkey has been 2._ (celebrate)April 23 as National Sovereignty and Children's Day.Children's Day provides 3._unique opportunity to contribute to international peace and solidarity(團(tuán)結(jié))In Dubai over the last four years，4._ the help of the Consulate General of the Turkish Republic in Dubai，we have organized four 5._(success) charity celebrations to mark April 23 Children's Day.Many international schools and performance groups of different countries in Dubai took part.We reached an audience of nearly 4，000 people and the 6._ (participate) of more than 50 different children performance groups，7._ more than 800 children.This year，I am 8._ (honor) to announce our fifth celebration happening today. The success of this event lies with the dedicated volunteer work of all organization 9._ (partner) as well as the generous donations of the sponsors. In order to support Dubai Autism Center's annual autism(自我中心主義)awareness campaign 10._ is organized for the whole month of April，it has been decided to donate the income of the event to the Dubai Autism Center (DAC)語篇解讀：4月23日生活在迪拜的土耳其孩子們慶祝兒童節(jié)，這一天孩子們的演出讓很多人臉上露出了笑容，給人們帶來了快樂。1解析：考查代詞。根據(jù)上下文語境可知，此處指前面提到的the children of the world，故用they。答案：they2解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語Since 1920及空前的has been 可知應(yīng)填celebrating來與has been一起構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。答案：celebrating3解析：考查冠詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示“一個(gè)獨(dú)特的機(jī)會”，表泛指，故用不定冠詞；又因?yàn)閡nique以輔音音素開頭，故用不定冠詞a。答案：a4解析：考查介詞。with the help of為固定短語，意為“在的幫助下”。答案：with5解析：考查形容詞。設(shè)空處修飾名詞charity celebrations，故用success的形容詞形式successful。答案：successful6解析：考查名詞。根據(jù)語境及語法，此處與前面的an audience of nearly 4，000 people一起作reached的賓語，故用名詞participation。答案：participation7解析：考查介詞。根據(jù)語境可知此處需用介詞including(包括)。答案：including8解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作表語。be/feel honored to do sth.做某事感到很榮幸。答案：honored9解析：考查名詞。由前面的限定詞all可知，應(yīng)用partner的復(fù)數(shù)形式。答案：partners10解析：考查定語從句。先行詞為：Dubai Autism Center's annual autism awareness campaign，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語且指“事物”，故用that或which。答案：which/that第四節(jié)書面表達(dá)(2020·陜西卷)假定你是李華，在校報(bào)英語專欄看到了學(xué)?！坝⒄Z文化節(jié)”的一則招募啟事。請閱讀啟事，并根據(jù)寫作要點(diǎn)和寫作要求寫一封應(yīng)征郵件。Volunteers WantedOur annual English Festival，which will be held on June 1517，2020，is now looking for 20 student volunteers to provide service for Talent Show, Speech Contest，and English Debate.If you are interested，please send an application email at your earliest convenience to Ms Chen at chenlaoshi.寫作要點(diǎn)：1表達(dá)寫信意圖：2陳述應(yīng)征目的；3說明應(yīng)征條件(性格、能力等)。寫作要求：1郵件詞數(shù)不少于100；2開頭和結(jié)尾部分已寫好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)；3可根據(jù)情況增加細(xì)節(jié)，使行文連貫；4不能使用真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱。Dear Ms Chen，I'm Li Hua，a student from Class 2，Grade 3._Looking forward to your reply.Yours truly，Li Hua答案：Dear_Ms_Chen，I'm_Li_Hua，a_student_from_Class_2，Grade_3.I'm writing to apply for the position as a student volunteer.I really want to obtain this precious opportunity because，by offering my service，I will be able to improve my organisational ability，communication skills as well as my confidence in speaking English in public.As an outgoing girl，I get along well with my classmates.Besides，I have such a good command of English that I am elected as assistant to my English teacher.Successfully，I have lent a helping hand to her in several English activities of my class，which have been appreciated by both teachers and my classmates.I am sure that I can perfectly live up to your expectations.I will be grateful if you could g