Unit 4Pygmalion【熱點(diǎn)話題】Entertainment and sports(文娛與體育)對(duì)體育考試納入高考的看法體裁：對(duì)比觀點(diǎn)議論文寫作思路：話題觀點(diǎn)一及理由觀點(diǎn)二及理由你的觀點(diǎn)及理由【美文誦讀】Recently a new policy was approved by the Ministry of Education.It_is_regulated_that_sports_scores_will_be_added_to_the_scores_of_every_student's_College_Entrance_Examination.The policy caused many people's concern.Some_people_hold_the_view_that_the_policy_will_serve_as_a_guide_to_strengthen_students'_physical_quality.Both teachers and students will undoubtedly attach_great_importance_to physical education，and it's easy to imagine the phenomenon that PE is always taken away will never be seen.On_the_other_hand，some people argue that Roman was not built in a day. It takes time to meet the goal.The teaching of PE should be aimed at developing students' interest in sports rather_than using scores as a means of assessment.If the policy of College Entrance Examination doesn't carry out a reform fundamentally，this new policy won't work out well.In my opinion，every school should make a specific plan of improving students' physical quality. Setting aside some time for students to work out every day is also helpful.【學(xué)海拾貝】按要求完成或翻譯下列句子。1據(jù)說李娜英語講得很好。(it作形式主語)It_is_said_that_Li_Na_speaks_English_very_well2我認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該馬上出發(fā)。(view，同位語從句)We_hold_the_view_that_we_should_set_out_at_once3我們的英語老師強(qiáng)調(diào)了學(xué)習(xí)英語的重要性。(attach importance to)Our English teacher attached_great_importance_to_learning_English4另一方面，許多婦女選擇外出工作。(on the other hand)On_the_other_hand，many women choose to go out to work.5他寧愿在樓下見我而不是在樓上。(rather than)He would prefer to_see_me downstairs rather_than upstairs.按要求寫出下列單詞1經(jīng)典著作；經(jīng)典的 n& adj.classic2說明文字，字幕，標(biāo)題 ncaption3情節(jié)，陰謀 nplot4光輝燦爛的，才華橫溢的 adj.brilliant5古董；古時(shí)的 n& adj. antique6談?wù)摚辉u(píng)論 n& vremark7俯視，忽視，不理會(huì) voverlook8破舊的，寒酸的 adj.shabby9身份，地位，職位 nstatus10使褪色，減弱，逐漸消失 vfade11誤會(huì)n.& vmistake(過去式)mistook(過去分詞)mistaken錯(cuò)誤的adj. mistaken12恐怖，恐懼n. horror可怕的，恐怖的adj. horrible可怕地 adv.horribly13猶豫，躊躇v.hesitate猶豫，遲疑n.hesitation14編排，分類 vclassify編排，分類 n. classification15使作嘔，反感，厭惡v. disgust使人反感的adj. disgusting感到反感的adj. disgusted用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1Yesterday her old mother mistook me for her daughter.That means I was mistaken for her daughter.In fact she often makes the same mistakes(mistake)2Tom is often fortunateLast year he went to Shanghai to try his fortuneFortunately，he met and married his wife there.(fortune)3To her horror，she saw a boy fall from the stairs.The horrible scene often horrifies her and makes her wake up horribly(horrible)4His disgusting jokes made everybody disgusted(disgusting)5The books in the library are classified according to the subjects.(classification).翻譯下列短語1再一次once_more2(把某人)冒充成pass.off_as3結(jié)識(shí)；與相見make_one's_acquaintance4驚愕地in_amazement5一般來說generally_speaking6就來說；從角度in_terms_of7帶或領(lǐng)進(jìn)來 show.in8需要in_need_of9自以為是fancy_oneself10逐漸模糊，漸淡fade_out選用上述短語完成下列短文。Jenny used to (1) fancy_herself_as a pop star and was loved and respected by many people.Once she even (2) passed herself (3) off_as Juddy，a most famous singer of the country.To her surprise，a boy named Jackson should have gone to Jenny's city (4) _to_make_her_acquaintanceJenny (5) showed the boy (6) in and Jackson looked around Jenny's house (7) in_amazement as he could never imagine why a famous singer should live in so shabby and small a house.重點(diǎn)句型1I thought perhaps you wanted her to talk into your machines.(p.34)我本來還以為是你要她對(duì)著機(jī)器講話的呢。sb.thought thatsb.had thought.原以為He thought that whatever happened was predestined.他認(rèn)為一切都是命中注定的。動(dòng)詞think，expect，suppose，hope，believe，plan 等的過去完成時(shí)， 表未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的意圖、安排或希望等。I had hoped to visit you yesterday，but I was too busy.昨天我本想來看你，但太忙了。模仿造句用上述句型完成下列句子。(1)他們本打算把辦公室搞干凈，但沒有時(shí)間。They_had_planned_to_clean_the_office，but_time_didn't_permit.(2)我本以為他會(huì)事先告訴我的。I_had_thought_he_would_tell_me_about_it_in_advance.2What if I was？(p.29)如果我是又怎么樣？What if.？如果將會(huì)怎么樣？/又有什么關(guān)系？what后省略了主句內(nèi)容，相當(dāng)于what would you do 或what should I do，if 引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)條件狀語從句。What_if your idea turns out not practical at all?要是結(jié)果你的想法完全不可行呢？模仿造句用上述句型完成下列句子。(1)如果這個(gè)煙頭引起了森林大火將會(huì)怎么樣呢？What_if_a_big_forest_fire_broke_out_owing_to/due_to_the_butt(2)要是還是有學(xué)生無視禁令繼續(xù)違反校規(guī)呢？What_if_some_students_overlook/ignore/turn_a_blind_eye_to_the_ban_and_keep_on_breaking_the_school_regulations/rules?用上述句型翻譯下列小片段。“我還以為你會(huì)反對(duì)我的計(jì)劃呢”，她低聲說?！叭绻曳磳?duì)，你打算怎樣？”他問道?！安淮蛩阍鯓?，”她回答說。“我星期天要請朋友聚會(huì)，你能賞臉光臨嗎？如果可以，請準(zhǔn)備在晚會(huì)上唱首歌。如果不行，請?jiān)谛瞧谖迩案嬖V我?！薄俺忻裳垼罡袠s幸，我會(huì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)出席的。”他毫不猶豫地接受了邀請?！癐_had_thought_you_would_object_to_my_plan，”she_said_in_a_low_voice.“What_if_I_did？”he_asked._“Nothing，”she_replied.“I_will_invite_some_friends_to_a_party_on_Sunday.Would_you_do_me_the_honour_of_coming?_If_so,_please_get_ready_to_sing_a_song._If_not,_please_let_me_know_before_Friday.”“I_feel_it_a_great_honour_to_be_invited._I'll_be_there_on_time.”_He_accepted_the_invitation_without_hesitation. 英語中有許多單詞可帶否定前綴或否定后綴，將該詞變成一個(gè)與原來單詞意義完全相反的詞。在做語法填空時(shí)，要仔細(xì)領(lǐng)會(huì)短文的意思，理清文章脈絡(luò)，注意行文邏輯，特別注意上下文之間有無轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比、相反關(guān)系，如果有此種關(guān)系，文中又沒有相應(yīng)過渡詞語，就要考慮利用構(gòu)詞法中單詞的否定前綴或否定后綴知識(shí)來解題。常用的否定前綴有： in­adj.adj.correctincorrect(不正確的)activeinactive(不積極的) im­adj.adj.politeimpolite(不禮貌的)patientimpatient(不耐煩的) un­adj.adj.luckyunlucky(不幸運(yùn)的)happyunhappy(不高興的) il­adj.adj.logicalillogical(不合邏輯的)legalillegal(非法的) ir­adj.adj.regularirregular(不規(guī)則的)responsibleirresponsible(不負(fù)責(zé)任的)dis­adj.adj.honestdishonest(不誠實(shí)的)satisfieddissatisfied(不滿意的)un­v.v.dressundress(脫衣服)loadunload(卸貨)dis­v.v.likedislike(不喜歡)coverdiscover(發(fā)現(xiàn))non­n.adj.profitnonprofit(非營利的)stopnonstop(不間斷的)ill­treatill­treat(虐待)mannerill­mannered(沒禮貌的)常用的否定后綴有：n.­lessadj.carecareless(粗心的)homehomeless(無家可歸的)n.­freeadj.carecarefree(無憂無慮的)paperpaper­free(無紙張的)用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Ann walked out of the chemical factory，annoyed at her 1.unpleasant(pleasant) interview with Jack，the vice general manager of the factory.Ann was told the factory had been pouring waste water directly into the river，making the water 2.unsuitable(suit) to drink.Ann thought it was her duty to 3.disclose(close) the matter and had it reported in the newspaper.She also thought it was 4.irresponsible(responsible) for the factory to do so.Jack thought it was 5.improper(proper) and 6.illegal(legal) for Ann to report the whole thing in public without telling them in advance.However，Ann regarded it most important to ensure the residents near the factory to drink 7.pollution­free (pollution) water.She told Jack if his factory kept on polluting the river，he was sure to answer for what he had done one day.第一節(jié)閱讀理解閱讀下面的短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。(2020·浙江卷)From the very beginning of school we make books and reading a constant source of possible failure and public humiliation. When children are little we make them read aloud，before the teacher and other children，so that we can be sure they“know” all the words they are reading.This means that when they don't know a word，they are going to make a mistake，right in front of everyone.After having taught fifthgrade classes for four years，I decided to try at all costs to rid them of their fear and dislike of books，and to get them to read oftener and more adventurously.One day soon after school had started，I said to them，“ Now I'm going to say something about reading that you have probably never heard a teacher say before.I would like you to read a lot of books this year，but I want you to read them only for pleasure.I am not going to ask you questions to find out whether you understand the books or not. If you understand enough of a book to enjoy it and want to go on reading it, that's enough for me.Also I'm not going to ask you what words mean.”The children sat stunned and silent. Was this a teacher talking？One girl，who had just come to us from a school where she had had a very hard time，looked at me steadily for a long time after I had finished.Then，still looking at me，she said slowly and seriously，“Mr. Holt, do you really mean that？”I said just as seriously，“ I mean every word of it.”During the spring she really astonished me.One day，she was reading at her desk.From a glimpse of the illustrations I thought I knew what the book was. I said to myself, “It can't be，”and went to take a closer look. Sure enough，she was reading Moby Dick，in the edition with woodcuts. I said，“Don't you find parts of it rather heavy going？”She answered，“Oh，sure，but I just skip over those parts and go on to the next good part.”This is exactly what reading should be and in school so seldom isan exciting，joyous adventure.Find something，dive into it，take the good parts, skip the bad parts, get what you can out of it，go on to something else. How different is our mean­spirited, picky insistence that every child get every last little scrap of“ understanding” that can be dug out of a book.1According to the passage, children's fear and dislike of books may result from_Areading little and thinking littleBreading often and adventurouslyCbeing made to read too muchDbeing made to read aloud before others2The teacher told his students to read_Afor enjoymentBfor knowledgeCfor a larger vocabularyDfor higher scores in exams3Upon hearing the teacher's talk, the children probably felt that_Ait sounded stupidBit was not surprising at allCit sounded too good to be trueDit was no different from other teachers'talk4Which of the following statements about the girl is TRUE according to the passage?AShe skipped over those easy parts while reading.BShe had a hard time finishing the required reading tasks.CShe learned to appreciate some parts of the difficult books.DShe turned out to be a top student after coming to this school.5From the teacher's point of view，_Achildren cannot tell good parts from bad parts while readingBchildren should be left to decide what to read and how to readCreading is never a pleasant and inspiring experience in schoolDreading involves understanding every little piece of information語篇解讀：本文為夾敘夾議文，題材為校園生活類。本文講述了常見的小學(xué)生在校閱讀方法的弊端，主張學(xué)生自由閱讀、快樂閱讀，養(yǎng)成經(jīng)常閱讀、自我選擇取舍和自由汲取知識(shí)的閱讀習(xí)慣，從而收獲意想不到的效果。1解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第一段第二、三句可知D項(xiàng)正確。答案：D2解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第二段的“but I want you to read them only for pleasure”可知A項(xiàng)正確。答案：A3解析：推理判斷題。由第三段第一句和第二句可推斷出答案為C項(xiàng)，這聽起來太好了而令人難以置信。答案：C4解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由倒數(shù)第二段最后兩句尤其是尾句中的“Oh，sure，but I just skip over those parts and go on to the next good part.”可知答案。答案：C5解析：推理判斷題。由尾段第一句和第二句可推斷出答案為B項(xiàng)。C項(xiàng)具有一定的干擾性，其和尾段首句中的so seldom is相矛盾。答案：B第二節(jié)七選五根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。ForgivenessTo forgive is a virtue，but no one has ever said it is easy.When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your hate.However，forgiveness is possible, and it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health. People who forgive show less sadness，anger and stress and more hopefulness，according to a recent research._1_ Try the following steps：Calm yourself._2_ You can take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure：a beautiful scene in nature，or someone you love.Don't wait for an apology.Many times the person who hurt you does not intend to apologize. They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things the same way._3_ Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean becoming friends again with the person who upset you.Take the control away from your offender(冒犯者)Rethinking about your hurt gives power to the person who caused you pain. Instead of focusing on your wounded feelings，learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you._4_ If you understand your offender，you may realize that he or she was acting out of unawareness，fear，and even love. You may want to write a letter to yourself from your offender's point of view.Don't forget to forgive yourself._5_ But it can rob you of your self­confidence if you don't do it.AWhy should you forgive?BHow should you start to forgive?CRecognize the benefits of forgiveness.DTry to see things from your offender's angle.EFor some people, forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge.FTo make your anger die away, try a simple stressmanagement technique.GIf you wait for people to apologize，you could be waiting an awfully long time.答案：15BFGDE第三節(jié)完形填空閱讀下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后從120題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。One night，when I was eight，my mother gently asked me a question I would never forget.“Sweetie, my company wants to _1_ me but needs me to work in Brazil.This is like your teacher telling you that you've done _2_ and allowing you to skip a grade(跳級(jí))，but you'll have to _3_ your friends. Would you say yes to your teacher？”She gave me a hug and asked me to think about it.I was puzzled.The question kept me _4_ for the rest of the night.I had said“yes”but for the first time, I realized the _5_ decisions adults had to make.For almost four years，my mother would call us from Brazil every day. Every evening I'd _6_ wait for the phone to ring and then tell her every detail of my day.A phone call，however，could never replace her _7_ and it was difficult not to feel lonely at times.During my fourthgrade Christmas break，we flew to Rio to visit her.Looking at her large _8_ apartment，I became _9_ how lonely my mother must have been in Brazil herself.It was then _10_ I started to appreciate the tough choices she had to make on _11_ family and work._12_ difficult decisions, she used to tell me，you wouldn't know whether you made the right choice ，but you could always make the best out of the situation，with passion and a _13_ attitude.Back home，I _14_ myself that what my mother could do, I could，too.If she _15_ to live in Rio all by herself, I, too, could learn to be _16_I learnt how to take care of myself and set high but achievable _17_My mother is now back with us. But I will never forget what the _18_ has really taught me.Sacrifices _19_ in the end.The separation between us has proved to be a _20_ for me.1A.attract BpromoteCsurprise Dpraise2A.little BmuchCwell Dwrong3A.leave BrefuseCcontact Dforgive4A.explaining BsleepingCwondering Dregretting5A.poor BtimelyCfinal Dtough6A.eagerly BpolitelyCnervously Dcuriously7A.patience BpresenceCintelligence Dinfluence8. Acomfortable BexpensiveCempty Dmodern9A.interested in Baware ofCdoubtful about Dsatisfied with10A.when BwhereCwhich Dthat11A.abandoning BbalancingCcomparing Dmixing12A.Depending on BSupplied withCFaced with Dinsisting on13A.different BfriendlyCpositive Dgeneral14A.criticized BinformedCwarned Dreminded15A.managed BofferedCattempted Dexpected16A.grateful BenergeticCindependent Dpractical17A.examples BlimitsCrules Dgoals18A.question BexperienceChistory Doccasion19A.pay off Bcome backCrun out Dturn up20A.blessing BgatheringCfailure Dpleasure語篇解讀：本文為夾敘夾議的文章，題材是家庭生活。文章講述了媽媽因工作出色獲得提升，但是要到巴西去，她拿不定主意，要作者幫助她。從這件事上作者深刻理解了大人們做出的艱難的決定，同時(shí)作者也思考了從中可以受到的啟示。1解析：此處句意是“公司想要給我升職”，所以選promote(提升)。attract吸引，surprise使吃驚，praise表揚(yáng)，均不符合句意。答案：B2解析：由下文“允許你跳級(jí)”可知是學(xué)習(xí)很好，所以選C項(xiàng)。答案：C3解析：“跳級(jí)”也就意味著要到新的班級(jí)去，同時(shí)就得離開朋友，故選A。答案：A4解析：由“I was puzzled.”可知媽媽的問題讓我感到很困惑，故“那天晚上剩下的時(shí)間我一直在思考這個(gè)問題”，所以選C。答案：C5解析：由下文“I started to appreciate the tough choices she had to make”可知此處句子的意思是“我意識(shí)到了大人們不得不做的艱難的(tough)決定”。poor貧窮的，可憐的；timely及時(shí)的；final最終的。答案：D6解析：由下文“我告訴媽媽一天中的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴滴”可知該句的意思是“每天晚上，我都急切地(eagerly)等待電話響起”。politely禮貌地；nervously緊張地；curiously好奇地，均不符合句意。答案：A7解析：根據(jù)上下文，此處的意思是“然而，一個(gè)電話永遠(yuǎn)也抵不上她在身邊”，presence出現(xiàn)，在場，符合句意。patience耐心，intelligence智力，influence影響，均不符合句意。答案：B8解析：由下文“how lonely my mother must have been”可知，此處的意思是“看著她那大而空曠的(empty)公寓”。此處是要表達(dá)母親的孤獨(dú)感，所以用空曠的。其他幾個(gè)詞都不能表達(dá)這個(gè)意思。答案：C9解析：此處的句意是“我明白了(aware of)媽媽自己在巴西是多么孤獨(dú)”。答案：B10解析：此句是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是then，故選D。答案：D11解析：根據(jù)上下文，此處句意是“就在那個(gè)時(shí)候，我開始感謝她為了平衡家庭和工作所做的艱難的選擇”。balance A and B意為：平衡A和B，符合句意。答案：B12解析：根據(jù)文章情節(jié)的發(fā)展，此句的意思是“她過去常告訴我，面對(duì)困難的決定時(shí)，你不會(huì)知道你是否做出了正確的選擇”。根據(jù)句意這里用faced with，意思是“面對(duì)”。答案：C13解析：由設(shè)空前的and可知，此處應(yīng)選與passion意思相近的詞。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有C項(xiàng)positive符合語境，positive attitude積極的態(tài)度。答案：C14解析：根據(jù)上下文，該句的意思是“回到家后，我提醒自己我媽媽能做什么，我也可以做到”。remind oneself提醒自己。答案：D15解析：根據(jù)上下文，此處是“設(shè)法做成，努力做成”之意。manage to do sth.設(shè)法做成某事。答案：A16解析：上文提到“媽媽能夠努力獨(dú)自生活在Rio”，故該句的意思是“我也能夠?qū)W會(huì)獨(dú)立”。grateful感激的；energetic精力充沛的；independent獨(dú)立的；practical實(shí)際的。答案：C17解析：四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有D項(xiàng)goals(目標(biāo))和形容詞high，achievable搭配使用最佳，即設(shè)定高但可實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)。答案：D18解析：根據(jù)上下文，此句的意思是“我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記這次經(jīng)歷教會(huì)我的東西”。答案：B19解析：該句的意思是“犧牲最終會(huì)得到回報(bào)”，pay off意為“得到回報(bào)”。答案：A20解析：該句的意思是“我們之間的這次分離最終證明是上帝對(duì)我的恩寵”。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，blessing有“上帝的恩寵，祝?！敝猓暇湟?。答案：A第四節(jié)書面表達(dá)(2020·河北衡水中學(xué)二模)假如你是新華中學(xué)的學(xué)生李華，最近你們班的同學(xué)就“成功的秘訣”這一話題進(jìn)行了討論，以下是討論結(jié)果。請你根據(jù)表格內(nèi)容，給你的老師Mr.Smith寫一封電子郵件，反映討論結(jié)果并希望聽聽他對(duì)此事的看法。人數(shù)觀點(diǎn)35%運(yùn)氣、天賦和成長環(huán)境等起決定作用55%目標(biāo)、時(shí)間和努力更重要10%未發(fā)表意見注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2信的開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，但不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。Dear Mr.Smith，_Yours truly，Li Hua答案：Dear_Mr.Smith，Recently，our class had a heated discussion about the keys to success.Here are the results：35% of the classmates hold the view that luck, talent and the environment play an important role.However，the majority argue that to succeed in life，we first need to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical.In addition，we must make every effort to study hard.To our surprise，10% of them haven't expressed their opinion.I wonder if you would like to speak out your opinion about it.Your early reply would be highly appreciated.Yours_truly，Li_Hua