檢測(cè)題12. 閱讀理解A(2020·吉安模擬) Clothes can make phone calls, play music, dial your pals number, keep you warm during cold weather and operate your computer.This is not a fantasy. A British company, called Electrotextiles, has created a wide range of clothesclothes that have minds of their own! Scientists, working for the company, have invented a kind of fabric that can be blended(混合)with flexible electronic materials to create intelligent clothing. The result is electronic garments.If you think the wearer has to be wired to different devices, think again. These designer clothes are wire-free, soft to touch and washable! Like any electronic device, these high-tech clothes have to be powered. Currently, a tiny nine-volt battery serves the purpose. But the researchers hope that in the near future the clothes will generate electricity by using body heat. These clothes are 100 percent shock proof, they say.The Electrotextiles team has also created the worlds first cloth keyboard. This keyboard can be sewn into your trousers or skirt. To use this device, you will have to sit down and tap on your lap! These“l(fā)ap-tap”gadgets(器具)are all set to take over laptop computers!Another useful garment is the shirt-cum-mobile phone. This handy invention enables drivers to chat comfortably with others at the wheel! Other popular electronic wear includes the denim(牛仔布)jacket with flexible earphones sewn into the hood(風(fēng)帽)and the electronic ski jacket with a built-in heater. The ski jacket is also programmed to send signals to a satellite. This technology is known as global positioning system and can be used to track lost skiers and wandering kids.Having completed the cloth keyboard, scientists have already started to work on a new projecta necktie that can be used as a computer mouse. What is the next? Do you have any idea?【文章大意】本文是一篇科技說明文。主要介紹了一些高科技的布料、衣服等, 這些新發(fā)明有各種各樣的功能, 比如打電話、聽歌。1. The electronic garments are similar to other electronic devices in that.A. they feel smooth and softB. they use electricity as powerC. they can be washed in waterD. they are made from flexible materials【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句話Like any electronic device, these high-tech clothes have to be powered. 可知, 像其他電子產(chǎn)品一樣, 這種高科技的衣服也必須用電來作為動(dòng)力。2. How will researchers improve these high-tech clothes?A. Body heat will be used as power.B. The wearer will not get shocked.C. A tiny nine-volt battery will work.D. They will get charged automatically.【解析】選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句話But the researchers hope that in the near future the clothes will generate electricity by using body heat. 可知A正確。3. What does the underlined phrase“This handy invention”in Paragraph 5 refer to?A. The laptop computer.B. The electronic ski jacket.C. The shirt-cum-mobile phone.D. The worlds first cloth keyboard.【解析】選C。推理判斷題。由第五段的Another useful garment is the shirt-cum-mobile phone. This handy invention enables drivers to chat. . . 可知, 這里很明顯是指代前文的the shirt-cum-mobile phone。4. The main purpose of the text is.A. to advertise for an English companyB. to predict the future trend of scienceC. to show how rapidly science developsD. to introduce some intelligent clothing【解析】選D。主旨大意題。通讀全文可知作者是向我們介紹幾種智能的衣服、布料等。B(2020·紹興統(tǒng)考)When people first walked across the Bering Land Bridge thousands of years ago, dogs were by their sides, according to a study published in the journal Science.Robert Wayne of the University of California, Los Angeles, and Jennifer Leonard of the Smithsonian Institute, used DNA materialsome of it unearthed by miners in Alaskato conclude that todays domestic dog originated in Asia and accompanied the first humans to the New World about 10, 000 to 15, 000 years ago. Wayne suggests that mans best friend may have enabled the tough journey from Asia into North America. “Dogs may have been the reason people made it across the land bridge, ”said Wayne. “They can pull things, carry things, defend you from fierce animals, and theyre useful to eat. ”Researchers have agreed that todays dog is the result of the domestication(馴化)of wolves thousands of years ago. Before this recent study, a common thought about the precise origin of North Americas domestic dog was that Natives domesticated local wolves, the descendants(后代)of which now live with people in Alaska, Canada, and the Lower 48.Dog remains from a Fairbanks-area gold mine helped the scientists reach their conclusion. Leonard, an evolutionary biologist, collected DNA from 11 bones of ancient dogs that were locked in permafrost(永凍層)until Fairbanks miners uncovered them in the 1920s. The miners donated the preserved bones to the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, where they remained untouched for more than 70 years. After borrowing the bones from the museum, Leonard and her colleagues used radiocarbon techniques to find the age of the Alaska dogs. They found the dogs all lived between the years of 1450 and 1675 A. D. , before Vitus Bering and Aleksey Chirikov who were the first known Europeans to view Alaska in 1741. “The bones of dogs that wandered the Fairbanks area centuries ago should therefore be the remains of pure native American dogs, ”Leonard said. The DNA of the Fairbanks dogs would also expose whether they were the descendants of wolves from North America.Along with the Fairbanks samples, the researchers collected DNA from bones of 37 dog specimens(標(biāo)本)from Mexico, Peru, and Bolivia that existed before the arrival of Columbus. In the case of both the Alaska dogs and the dogs from Latin America, the researchers found that they shared the most genetic material with gray wolves of Europe and Asia. This supports the idea of domestic dogs entering the New World with the first human explorers who wandered east over the land bridge.Leonard and Waynes study suggests that dogs joined the first humans that made the adventure across the Bering Land Bridge to slowly populate the Americas. Wayne thinks the dogs that made the trip must have provided some excellent service to their human companions or they would not have been brought along. “Dogs must have been useful because they were expensive to keep, ”Wayne said. “They didnt feed on mice; they fed on meat, which was a very guarded resource. ”【文章大意】本文是科普性文章。說明了在幾千年前狗陪同人們一起跨過白令大陸橋進(jìn)入北美大陸, 并且在此繁殖起來。而通過檢測(cè)發(fā)掘出的狗骨頭的DNA也證實(shí)了這一點(diǎn)。5. The underlined word“remains”is closest in meaning to“”.A. leftover foodB. animal wasteC. dead bodiesD. living environment【解析】選C。詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段第二句話“Leonard, an evolutionary biologist, collected DNA from 11 bones of ancient dogs that were locked in permafrost”說明是在永凍層發(fā)現(xiàn)的狗的骨頭, 所以remains應(yīng)該是尸體。故C正確。6. According to the study described in Paragraph 4, we can learn that.A. ancient dogs entered North America between 1450 and 1675 A. D.B. the 11 bones of ancient dogs are not from native American dogsC. the bones discovered by the gold miners were from North American wolvesD. the bones studied were not from dogs brought into North America by Europeans【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“They found the dogs all lived between the years of 1450 and 1675 A. D. , before Vitus Bering and Aleksey Chirikov who were the first known Europeans to view Alaska in 1741. . . ”可判斷出被研究的骨頭不是歐洲人帶到北美的狗的骨頭。所以D正確。7. What can we know from the passage? A. Native Americans domesticated local wolves into dogs.B. Scientists discovered some ancient dog remains in the 1920s.C. Latin Americas dogs are different from North Americas in genes.D. Ancient dogs entered North America across the Bering Land Bridge.【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“When people first walked across the Bering Land Bridge thousands of years ago, dogs were by their sides, according to a study published in the journal Science. ”可知D正確。8. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. The origin of the North American dogs.B. The DNA study of ancient dogs in America.C. The reasons why early people entered America.D. The difference between Asian and American dogs.【解析】選A。推理判斷題。文章第一段提到狗和人們一同跨過the Bering Land Bridge, 第二、三、四、五段研究狗的DNA“to conclude that todays domestic dog originated in Asia”, “Researchers have agreed that todays dog is the result of the domestication of wolves thousands of years ago”, 所以文章中心是談?wù)摫泵赖墓返钠鹪础? 閱讀第二節(jié)(2020·哈爾濱模擬)1People traveled in search of food and shelter or in order to flee from their enemies. Sometimes they were looking for gold or silver in order to become rich. On other occasions they were searching for rich farmland.This is not to say that no one ever traveled just for fun. Even in ancient times, some pleasure travel occurred. During a typical season, 700, 000 tourists would crowd into the ancient city of Rome, where animals performed and magicians entertained them. 23International tourist arrivals alone reached as many as 546 million in 1994 and are forecast to rise to 937 million in 2020, according to the World Trade Organization.4Probably the most common reason for traveling is related to our physical well-being. Actually, traveling to sports events is one of the fastest growing types of travel. In our fast developing society where stress has become part of peoples life, people can rest and relax by having a change of environment and activities.5No one seems to doubt that travel broadens the mind. In 18th century Europe, young men would go on a Grand Tour to various countries in order to complete their education. Today the desire to travel to different countries is encouraged by modern mass media. People who travel to other countries can at the same time learn more about their own country and culture.A. But why do people like traveling so much?B. Throughout history, most travel was not for pleasure.C. So they travel to a lake for a swim or a park for a bike.D. The improvement in transportation has also encouraged people to travel.E. Wealthy Romans made trips to Greece to take part in the Olympic Games.F. The growth of tourism has become a modern phenomenon experienced by all countries in the world.G. Another important reason for traveling is to satisfy our curiosity about different places and cultures.【文章大意】本文主要解釋了旅游的發(fā)展過程。首先從旅游開始的時(shí)候是人們獲取食物的方法, 到人們旅游為了樂趣。同時(shí)也解釋了人們喜歡旅游的原因。1. 【解析】選B。上下文邏輯聯(lián)系題。根據(jù)空格后面的People traveled in search of food and shelter or in order to flee from their enemies. 可知人們旅游是為了尋找食物、住處和逃離敵人, 這與B中的most travel was not for pleasure“大部分旅游不是為了快樂”一致。2. 【解析】選E。上下文邏輯聯(lián)系題。根據(jù)空格前面的some pleasure travel occurred知有人是通過旅游來獲得樂趣的, 與E中的富裕的羅馬人參加奧運(yùn)會(huì)獲得樂趣一致。3. 【解析】選F。上下文邏輯聯(lián)系題。根據(jù)空格后面的International tourist arrivals alone reached as many as 546 million in 1994 and are forecast to rise to 937 million in 2020可知國(guó)際旅游人數(shù)在增加, 與F中的The growth of tourism意義一致。4. 【解析】選A。上下文邏輯聯(lián)系題。根據(jù)空格后面的Probably the most common reason for traveling可知這是解釋旅游受喜歡的原因, 說明了前面應(yīng)該是一個(gè)問題, 根據(jù)前后的因果關(guān)系, 可知選A。5. 【解析】選G。上下文邏輯聯(lián)系題。倒數(shù)第二段解釋了一個(gè)原因, 這里最后一段應(yīng)是解釋另外一個(gè)原因, 與G中的Another important reason for traveling意義一致。