檢測(cè)題5. 閱讀理解A(2020·合肥模擬)In the quest for better health, many people turn to doctors, self-help books or herbal supplements. But they overlook a powerful weapon that could help them fight illness and depression, speed recovery, slow aging and prolong life: their friends.Researchers are only now starting to pay attention to the importance of friendship and social networks in overall health. A 10-year Australian study found that older people with a large circle of friends were 22 percent less likely to die during the study period than those with fewer friends. A large 2020 study showed an increase of nearly 60 percent in the risk for obesity among people whose friends gained weight. And last year, Harvard researchers reported that strong social ties could promote brain health as we age.“In general, the role of friendship in our lives isnt well appreciated, ”said Rebecca G. Adams, a professor of sociology at the University of North Carolina, Greensboro. “There are a lot of things on families and marriage, but very little on friendship. It baffles me. Friendship has a bigger impact on our psychological well-being than family relationships. ”Bella DePaulo, a visiting psychology professor at the University of California, Santa Barbara, whose work focuses on single people and friendships, notes that in many studies, friendship has an even greater effect on health than a spouse or a family member.It isnt entirely clear why friendship has such a big effect. It may be because people with strong social ties also have better access to health services and care. Beyond that, however, friendship clearly has a profound psychological effect. People with strong friendships are less likely than others to get colds, perhaps because they have lower stress levels.Last year, researchers studied 34 students at the University of Virginia, taking them to the base of a steep hill and fitting them with a weighted backpack. They were then asked to estimate the steepness of the hill. Some participants stood next to friends during the exercise, while others were alone.The students who stood with friends gave lower estimates of the steepness of the hill. And the longer the friends had known each other, the less steep the hill appeared.“People with stronger friendship networks feel like there is someone they can turn to, ”said Karen A. Roberto, director of the center for gerontology(老年醫(yī)學(xué))at Virginia Tech. “Friendship is an undervalued resource. The consistent message of these studies is that friends make your life better. ”【文章大意】如何保持身心健康? 相信每個(gè)人對(duì)此都很感興趣并能給出自己的答案。本文作者向我們介紹了一個(gè)有利于身心健康的, 很重要又長(zhǎng)期被人們忽視的因素友誼。1. Whats the main idea of the passage?A. People should make friends as many as possible.B. Friendships do great good to human health.C. People with friends have an optimistic attitude.D. Several studies have been done on friendships.【解析】選B。主旨大意題。文章通過(guò)幾個(gè)研究結(jié)果說(shuō)明友誼在促進(jìn)人類身心健康方面作用巨大。2. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. People havent attached importance to friendships.B. A friend can replace doctors and self-help books.C. People with many friends may have higher stress levels.D. People who have friends tend to be fat.【解析】選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章第三段可知, 人們尚未認(rèn)識(shí)到友誼對(duì)人們身心健康的重要性。其他選項(xiàng)均與原文信息不符。3. The author mentioned the study in the last three paragraphs to indicate that.A. students should climb the steep hill with friendsB. it takes a long time to make friendsC. a friend in need is a friend indeedD. people accompanied by friends remain optimistic in the face of difficulty【解析】選D。推理判斷題。倒數(shù)第二段中“The students who stood with friends gave lower estimates of the steepness of the hill. ”表明與朋友在一起的學(xué)生估計(jì)出來(lái)的坡度更小, 這意味著他們面對(duì)困難能保持相對(duì)樂(lè)觀的心態(tài)。4. In Paragraph 2 the author aims to tell us.A. friendship has a strong physical effect on peoples healthB. we cannot be too careful when making friendsC. older people are likely to have fewer friendsD. 60 percent of the people without friends will become fat when they get old【解析】選A。段落大意題。根據(jù)本段開(kāi)頭(主題句)可知答案。而且主題句后的三個(gè)研究結(jié)論都與“友誼影響身體健康”有關(guān)。BIt takes more than just practice to become an Olympian. Gold medal performances require some serious nutrition. Have you ever wondered what these successful athletes eat to stay in peak shape?Keri Glassman, a registered dietitian and founder of Nutritious Life Meals, appeared on“Good Morning America”today to give you a glimpse into the diets ofsome top athletes. Some of their meals could surprise you.Crazy Calorie CountGlassman said Olympians eat a lot of foodquantities that for ordinary people would constitute pigging out. One secret of swimmer Michael Phelps astonishing performance in the 2020 Olympics in Beijing was consuming as many as 12, 000 calories in one day.Athletes can eat like this and not gain any weight because their workouts are intense. According to Glassman, Phelps workouts can burn 4, 000 to 6, 000 calories in a day, and those calories must be added in order to train the following day.Snacking SecretsSome athletes eat strange foods that improve their performance. Yohan Blake, the Jamaica sprinter and 100-meter world champion, has stolen champion sprinter Usain Bolts thunder on the track during the Olympic trials. Asked about how he gets his energy, Blake answered that he eats 16 bananas per day, Glassman said.Jonathan Horton, the lead gymnast on the US team, has a blood sugar problem. His solution is honey. When he starts to feel shaky at the gym, he takes honey to boost his energy, Glassman said.Foods for RecoveryWhat are the best foods to help the body recover after harsh competition?For Olympic swimmer Ryan Lochte, the recovery meal is grilled chicken breasts with Alfredo sauce, whole-grain spaghetti and a salad with lemon juice and olive oil. Lochte, who recently cut out junk food, candy and soda, has undertaken a strength-training regimen(養(yǎng)生法)that involves flipping tractor tires and tossing beer kegs, Glassman said.【文章大意】運(yùn)動(dòng)員的成長(zhǎng)不僅需要鍛煉, 還需要營(yíng)養(yǎng), 合理膳食也至關(guān)重要。5. Whats the best title of this passage?A. Good Diet Makes a True OlympianB. Olympians Have Olympic-size AppetitesC. Olympians Strange Eating HabitsD. The Diets of Some Top Olympic Athletes【解析】選D。主旨大意題。第一段是中心段落, 所有奧運(yùn)選手不僅僅需要鍛煉, 要想獲得金牌還需要營(yíng)養(yǎng), 合理膳食。6. What does the underlined sentence probably mean?A. Ordinary people eat few pigs compared with Olympians.B. Olympians eat a lot more food than ordinary people.C. Olympians tend to eat a lot of high-quality food.D. Olympians eat a large amount of food, just like pigs.【解析】選B。句意理解題。前一句說(shuō)奧運(yùn)選手吃很多食物。畫(huà)線部分在破折號(hào)之后, 是對(duì)前面話語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充。7. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Ryan Lochte quit eating junk food, candy and soda for his better recovery.B. Yohan Blake finally beat Usain Bolt in the 100-meter track in the Olympics.C. Michael Phelpsastonishing performance was due to his eating lots of food.D. Jonathan Horton has a blood sugar problem because of taking too much honey.【解析】選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知A正確。8. The passage is most likely to be found in.A. a technical reportB. a fashion magazineC. an education columnD. a sports newspaper【解析】選D。文章出處題。本文說(shuō)的是運(yùn)動(dòng)員與飲食, 所以這篇文章可能出現(xiàn)在報(bào)紙的體育版面。. 完形填空I had traveled halfway around the world to see himmy father. I was 7 years old when I last saw him. Nearly 15 years later, I1in the courtyard of his home in Armenia. My brother remembered2our father lived. It was the3gray, decaying building my parents lived in after they4. You could say that I had come home. But that wasnt how I5.I have few6of my father. I remember us dancing together and him giving me my first doll. I also remember him7and he liked to leave. Sometimes he would be8for months at a time, and then unexpectedly he would be back.Until, one day, it was our9to leave. My mother woke me up and told me to10my belongings. I remember her grasping my hand as we made our11to the airport in Moscow. She said we were going on a trip. The next day, we12at our new home, California. We13ever spoke of my father. I had no14of him, and over time forgot what he looked like. When I asked my mother about him, she would look at me, 15: “Forget him. Hes gone, ”shed say.I felt robbed of a relationship with a16, and somehow I wanted to17the lost years. For nearly a year, I lived with him. Often, my father sat across the table from me, 18me stories as if we were old friends.Now slowly I am piecing together a picture of a19stranger. In some ways, he is no less absent to me than when I was a20. But now I have a glimpse of a man who should have been my father.【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。小時(shí)候父親經(jīng)常離家出走, 作者七歲時(shí)最終和母親一起離開(kāi)了父親, 直到15年后才再次見(jiàn)到他并和他在一起待了將近一年, 但父親在作者心目中的印象仍然是熟悉的陌生人。1. A. debatedB. stoodC. answeredD. awoke【解析】選B。前后照應(yīng)題。根據(jù)上下文可知, 作者多年后回到原來(lái)的家。將近十五年后, 我又站在了父親的院子里。2. A. whyB. howC. whereD. when【解析】選C。前后照應(yīng)題。根據(jù)后面的句子可知, 我哥哥還記得父親住的地方。3. A. sameB. officialC. legalD. different【解析】選A。邏輯推理題。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知, 父親還住在原來(lái)的房子里。依然是那棟灰色破舊的建筑。4. A. separatedB. marriedC. changedD. quarreled【解析】選B。邏輯推理題。父母婚后就住在那棟建筑里。5. A. tastedB. smeltC. soundedD. felt【解析】選D。邏輯推理題。根據(jù)You could say that I had come home. 及But可判斷出, 作者并沒(méi)有這種感覺(jué)。你可以說(shuō)我回家了, 但我卻沒(méi)有這種感覺(jué)。6. A. memoriesB. decisionsC. doubtsD. honors【解析】選A。前后照應(yīng)題。根據(jù)后面的內(nèi)容可知這是本段的主題句, 我對(duì)父親的記憶不多。7. A. jokingB. singingC. paintingD. leaving【解析】選D。前后照應(yīng)題。根據(jù)后面的and he liked to leave及下文的描述可知, 我還記得他離開(kāi)家時(shí)的情形, 他喜歡離家出走。8. A. determinedB. concernedC. goneD. devoted【解析】選C。邏輯推理題。有時(shí)候他會(huì)一走就是幾個(gè)月, 然后不期而歸。9. A. dutyB. businessC. honorD. turn【解析】選D。邏輯推理題。父親經(jīng)常離開(kāi)家, 直到有一天, 輪到我們離開(kāi)了。10. A. buyB. packC. transportD. view【解析】選B。邏輯推理題。因?yàn)槲覀円x開(kāi)了, 所以要收拾行李打包。11. A. wayB. lifeC. dayD. mind【解析】選A。固定搭配題。根據(jù)后面的to the airport可知, 要用make ones way to前往。我記得在去莫斯科機(jī)場(chǎng)的路上, 媽媽緊緊地握著我的手。12. A. pointedB. staredC. aimedD. arrived【解析】選D。固定搭配題。根據(jù)后面的our new home可知要用arrive at到達(dá)。第二天, 我們來(lái)到了在加利福尼亞州的新家。13. A. hardlyB. fortunatelyC. curiouslyD. generally【解析】選A。前后照應(yīng)題。根據(jù)后面作者問(wèn)及父親時(shí)母親的態(tài)度可知, 我們幾乎從沒(méi)談起過(guò)我父親。14. A. photosB. clothesC. demandsD. books【解析】選A。前后照應(yīng)題。根據(jù)后面and over time forgot what he looked like可知, 導(dǎo)致我忘記了他長(zhǎng)什么樣的原因應(yīng)該是我沒(méi)有他的照片。15. A. excitedB. disappointedC. advancedD. pleased【解析】選B。邏輯推理題。根據(jù)Forget him. Hes gone可知, 當(dāng)問(wèn)及父親的情況時(shí), 母親的反應(yīng)是非常失望。每當(dāng)我想問(wèn)問(wèn)母親有關(guān)父親的情況時(shí), 她都會(huì)看著我, 失望地說(shuō): “忘了他吧! 他走了。”16. A. motherB. brotherC. sisterD. father【解析】選D。詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)題。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知, 母親的行為讓我感覺(jué)好像被人剝奪了與父親的關(guān)系。17. A. make up forB. make away withC. make use ofD. make out of【解析】選A。短語(yǔ)辨析題。因此我想用某種方式來(lái)彌補(bǔ)這些年失去的時(shí)光。make up for補(bǔ)償, 彌補(bǔ); make away with帶走, 拿走, 偷走; make use of使用, 利用; make out of用制造出。18. A. teachingB. tellingC. supplyingD. writing【解析】選B。邏輯推理題。父親和我隔桌而坐, 像老朋友那樣給我講故事。19. A. familiarB. completeC. realD. passing【解析】選A。前后照應(yīng)題。根據(jù)上文可知, 對(duì)于作者來(lái)說(shuō)父親的形象在自己的心目中既熟悉又陌生。此刻漸漸地, 我拼湊起了一張熟悉的陌生人的畫(huà)像。20. A. studentB. childC. parentD. writer【解析】選B。邏輯推理題。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知, 作者自小和父親在一起的時(shí)間很有限。在某種程度上, 他依然像我在孩童時(shí)和我那么疏遠(yuǎn)?！炯挤▽?dǎo)練】多學(xué)一點(diǎn)棋高一著閱讀理解如何尋找主題句?閱讀文章時(shí)往往通過(guò)尋找短文的主題句來(lái)歸納出文章的主題。主題句在文章中的位置常有三種情況: 開(kāi)頭、中間、結(jié)尾。故解答主旨大意題時(shí)多采用瀏覽法, 即瀏覽文章的首段和尾段的首句和尾句或每段的首句或尾句, 重點(diǎn)搜索主題信息。請(qǐng)根據(jù)上面兩篇文章內(nèi)容, 填寫(xiě)下表: 題號(hào)主題句選項(xiàng)1第一段最后一句點(diǎn)明文章主旨: But they overlook a powerful weapon. . . _._5第一段點(diǎn)明文章主旨: It takes more than just practice to become an Olympian. Gold medal performances require _._答案:題號(hào)主題句選項(xiàng)1第一段最后一句點(diǎn)明文章主旨: But they overlook a powerful weapon. . . their friends.B5第一段點(diǎn)明文章主旨: It takes more than just practice to become an Olympian. Gold medal performances require some serious nutrition.D