Unit 1 Friendship導(dǎo)讀：Friendships are good for your health. During hardships, they are a source of comfort and strength. Spare no effort to learn how to find true friendships and how to be a good friend.友誼有利于人們的健康。在艱難中，她們是人們舒展身心，增添力量的源泉。要不遺余力地學會如何尋找真正的友誼，也要學會怎樣尋找自己的知己。你真正了解友誼和健康的關(guān)系嗎？While there is an impressive body of research linking friendship and health status, the precise reasons for this connection are still far from clear. Most of the studies are large prospective studies (that follow people over a period of time) and while there may be a correlation between the two variables (friendship and health status), researchers still don't know if there is a causeandeffect relationship, e. g. that good friendships actually improve health.There are a number of theories that attempt to explain the link, including that: 1) Good friends encourage their friends to lead more healthy lifestyles;2) Good friends encourage their friends to seek help and access services, when needed;3) Good friends enhance their friend's coping skills in dealing with illness and other health problems; and/or 4) Good friends actually affect physiological pathways that are protective of health.From：en. wikipedia. org重點單詞請根據(jù)語義及提示寫出單詞1. Those excited football fans _(攪亂)the game by shouting and throwing bottles.2. Many provinces in our country s_ a heavy loss in the flood in 2020;2020.3. Ten students will pay a visit to the Science Museum, Tom and John _(include).4. We will make a _(請求)for help if necessary.5. You'd better take a deep breath to _ (calm) yourself before answering the question.6. There is growing _(憂慮) about violence on the Internet.7. Air pollution is one of the problems that we can't afford to _(忽視).8. The students has come to the school with the _(目的)of passing the entrance exam.9. She devoted herself _ (entire) to her research and it earned her a good reputation in her field.10. Hopes of economic _(復(fù)蘇)are fading.1. upset 2. suffered 3. included 4. request5. calm 6. concern 7. ignore 8. purpose9. entirely10. recovery重點短語：請根據(jù)提示寫出短語1. _ down 鎮(zhèn)定下來2. go _ 經(jīng)歷3. set _ 記下；放下4. set _ doing 動身去；開始做5. add _ 增加6. get _ 與相處7. _ talk 面談8. _ _ of 對厭煩1. calm 2. through 3. down 4. about5. to 6. along / on with 7. facetoface 8. get/be tired重點句式：1. While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. (P1)2. it was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face(P2)單詞細講： add vi.&vt.根據(jù)語境猜詞義(1)Their debt added up to more than 100,000 yuan.(2) His absence added to the difficulties to solve the problem.(3) Please add some sweet to the milk to make it more delicious.(4) He added that the importance to rid the world of hunger should be emphasized.(5) Add your scores up and we'll see who won.根據(jù)語義找匹配A.補充說B. 增加，增添C. 把加到上；往添加D. 總計達E. 合計； 加起來(1)D (2)B(3)C (4)A(5)E鏈接come to add up toadded adj. 額外的；附加的；增添的addition n. 除此之外； 另外in addition (to) 除此之外The company provides cheap Internet access. In addition, it makes software freely available.該公司提供廉價的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)接入服務(wù)。此外，它還推出免費的共享軟件。In addition to his movie work, Redford is known as a champion of environmental causes.除了電影事業(yè)外,雷福德還是知名的環(huán)保斗士。根據(jù)語境用add的適當短語填空The president said it was not easy to manage a company, (1)_ that the financial crisis (2)_ the difficulties. However, the dormitory for the workers must (3)_and they would (4)_ a toilet _each room. The week before, he (5)_all the expenses and the total (6)_ more than 100,000 yuan.(1)adding(補充說) (2)added to(增加)(3)be added to (擴建)(4)add; to(把加到)(5)added up(把加起來)(6)added up to(加起來的總和是，共計) concern vt.&n.根據(jù)語境猜詞義(1)One of the concerns that people have is that teenagers surf the Internet too much.(2) In her last days, she expressed concern for the poor students.(3) This study concerns the matter of English study.(4) Issues like food additives do concern me.根據(jù)語義找匹配A.與有關(guān)；關(guān)于B. 擔心C. 使擔心D. 關(guān)切(1) B (2) D(3) A (4) C鏈接concerned adj. 有關(guān)的； 憂慮的concerning prep. 關(guān)于；有關(guān)；涉及短語show concern about/for 擔心，關(guān)心，掛念have no concern for毫不關(guān)心concern oneself about/ for 關(guān)心；為擔憂concern oneself with 從事；參與be concerned about/over/for 關(guān)心； 掛念be concerned with/in 與有關(guān)；涉及句型as far asis concerned 就而言 (主要用于發(fā)表個人意見，常用在寫作中，以發(fā)表自己的見解，可以代替I think)As far as I am concerned, I prefer to work in a team, which offers me a chance to learn how to get along with others and to share my experiences with them.就我而言，我愿意團隊合作，這就能為我提供學習與他人如何相處，如何分享的機會。根據(jù)語境用concern的恰當短語填空Besides doing his research work, Professor Wang (1)_(從事)social work. For example, he (2)_ (關(guān)心)world peace and human progress. He also made it clear that his research work should (3)_(與有關(guān))the farmers' income because (4)_(就他而論), to increase the farmers' income is of greater importance than anything else.(1) concerns himself with/in or is concerned with/in(2) shows concern about/for or is concerned about/for(3) be concerned with or concern(4) as far as he is concernedsuffer vt.&vi.根據(jù)語境猜詞義(1) His health suffered terribly from heavy drinking.(2) The city suffered serious damage from the earthquake.(3) He is suffering from a bad cold.(4) I can't suffer what you said. Shut up!根據(jù)語義找匹配A.患病B. 遭受；蒙受(痛苦、饑餓、損失等) C. 因而受損失D. 容忍(1) C (2) B(3) A (4) D鏈接suffering n. 痛苦，苦難sufferer n. 受苦者；受難者；患者短語suffer from 受苦；患(病)suffer for 為而受苦溫馨提示suffer 與suffer from 都沒有被動語態(tài)，也不存在其過去分詞充當狀語或定語之類的情況。單項填空()(1) _ heart attack for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.A. SufferedB. SufferingC. Being suffered fromD. Having suffered fromD考查suffer的搭配與非謂語動詞的用法。由于suffer不用于被動語態(tài)，所以先排除其過去分詞及現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式的用法，即排除答案A和C。由于其賓語位置上的名詞是疾病名稱，所以要與from連用，故答案是D。()(2) To some life means pleasure, but to others_.A.suffer B. sufferingC. sufferings D. sufferedB考查suffer的詞性變化。根據(jù)命題特點，它是一個承前省略句，其選項部分應(yīng)是句子的賓語，所以答案應(yīng)是名詞，故答案為B。calm vt. & adj.根據(jù)語境猜詞義(1) He remained calm in the time of danger.(2) Charlie tried his best to calm the frightened boy.(3) A ship is lying on the calm sea, sleeping.根據(jù)語義找匹配A.風平浪靜；無風的；(海洋、湖泊等)平靜的B. 使平靜；使安靜；安撫C. 鎮(zhèn)靜的；沉著的(1) C(2) B(3) A短語calm down鎮(zhèn)靜；平靜calm sb. down使某人鎮(zhèn)靜辨析calm/quiet/still/silentcalm 指無風浪或人的心情平靜quiet 指環(huán)境安靜，不吵鬧still 指沒有運動或動作的狀態(tài)silent 指不做聲，不講話用calm/quiet/still/silent填空(1) Please keep _while I take your photograph.(2) _waters run deep.(3) “B” is a _letter in “doubt”.(4) You'd better be _about what happened.(5) The street is _ at deep night.(6) The sea was_.(1) stillstill指“一動不動”的靜。(2) Still靜水流深，大智若愚。(3)(4) silentsilent指“不發(fā)音”或“不說話”保持沉默的靜。(5) quietquiet指自然界的寧靜或指人不激動、不興奮的靜。(6) calmcalm指海、湖面無風浪的靜或指心境的鎮(zhèn)定、冷靜。猜猜After a storm comes a calm. 的含義。其字面意思是：暴風雨過后便是寧靜。引申為：雨過天晴；柳暗花明。go through根據(jù)語境猜詞義(1)He'd gone through all his money by the end of the first week of his holiday.(2)These countries have gone through too many wars.(3)She went through her pockets and in the end found the keys.(4)You have to go through some formalities (手續(xù)) if you want to enter our school.根據(jù)語義找匹配A.履行B. 經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)受C. 仔細檢查D. 用完(1) D(2) B(3) C(4) A短語go against 違背go abroad 出國；去海外go ahead (交際用語。用于鼓勵對方去說、去做)說吧！做吧！go all out to do sth. 全力以赴地做某事go away 離開go back to 回到；追溯到go far 大有前途go too far 太過分go in for 愛好；從事；參與go on 繼續(xù)go over 復(fù)習；批改go up (水的)上升；(價格的)上漲go with 與匹配at one go 一下子；一舉be on the go 十分活躍； 非常忙碌make a go of succeed in sth. 在獲得成功have a go at sb. scold sb. 指責某人have a go on sth. have a try on sth. 嘗試某事鏈接get through 完成；通過；接通(電話)；花費look through 瀏覽；仔細檢查；往里面看come through 安然度過(疾?。晃C等)live through 活過來單項填空()(1) The police suspected him of carrying drugs so they _ his bag, but found nothing.A. looked up B. turned inC. searched for D. went throughD考查動詞短語的語義辨析。look up 抬頭看，仰望； turn in上交； search for 搜尋； go through 經(jīng)歷；仔細檢查。根據(jù)語境：警察懷疑他攜帶毒品，因此他們就仔細地檢查他的包，但什么也沒找到。所以答案是D。()(2) Although he had _ through a lot, he didn't _ through his job on time.A. looked; go B. got; goC. gone; get D. got; comeC考查動詞短語的語義辨析。look through 瀏覽，仔細看； go through 經(jīng)歷； get through 完成； come through安然度過。根據(jù)語境：盡管他歷盡千辛萬苦，但還是沒按時做完他的工作。所以答案為C。 set down根據(jù)語境猜詞義(1) I have set down everything that happened, exactly as I remember it.(2) The bus sets the children down just outside the school gate.根據(jù)語義找匹配A. 放下；停車讓乘客下車B. 記下；寫下(1) B (2)A短語set about 著手做；開始做set apart 使分開；留出set aside 把置于一邊；不顧set off 動身；出發(fā)；引爆set out 動身；出發(fā)；闡明；著手做；開始做(1)你知道這些動詞與down連用時的語義嗎？put down; take down; break down；cut down; let down；keep down_put down 放下，記下；take down 摘下；break down (機器)壞了；(人)累垮；cut down 砍伐(樹木)；削減；let down使失望；keep down 壓抑(感情)；使(經(jīng)費)不增加。(2)set about與set out都有“著手做；開始做”的意思，你知道它們的區(qū)別嗎？set about中的about是介詞，其后接v.ing形式；而set out則需要接to do。 be tired of根據(jù)語境猜詞義Although English is hard to learn, I'm not tired of it. On the contrary, I'm interested in it.根據(jù)語義找匹配A. 厭煩；討厭 B. 疲憊A短語be tired of 討厭be tired from 因而疲憊be tired out 筋疲力盡鏈接tire v. (使)疲勞；(使)疲倦tired adj. 疲倦的；困倦的；厭倦的；陳舊的tiring adj. 令人疲勞的； 令人厭煩的tiresome adj. 令人疲勞的； 令人厭煩的根據(jù)語境語義用恰當?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空I'm tired _the travel and I'm tired _， so I'm tired _travel.from; out; ofget along with根據(jù)語境猜詞義(1) How are you getting along with your study?(2) He is easy to get along with.根據(jù)語義找匹配A.與相處B. 進展(1) B(2) A短語get about 四處走動；傳開get across 傳達；使理解get along/on (with) 進展，相處get away 逃脫，設(shè)法離開get back 恢復(fù)；回來；收回get down 記下；下來；下車；使憂愁get down to doing sth. 開始認真干某事get in 收割；進入；被錄取get off 出發(fā)；下車get on 上車get out 泄露；逃離get over 克服，成功應(yīng)付；復(fù)原get together 聚會；收集get up 起床；組織，籌劃根據(jù)語境語義用恰當?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空(1) Don't get _ the bus until it has stopped.(2) I tried phoning her office, but I couldn't get_.(3) Readers can get _ very smoothly without knowing the exact meaning of each word while reading newspapers.(1) down(2) through(3) alongWhile walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. (P1)遛狗時，你太粗心，狗扣松了而被車撞了。While walking the dog我們把它稱之為“連接詞非謂語動詞”，根據(jù)現(xiàn)代語法理論，其非謂語動詞的選擇不受連接詞的限定，而是根據(jù)主語與其關(guān)系，即主動，用v.ing形式；被動，用v.ed形式；如果非謂語動詞后有介詞能構(gòu)成 “be 過去分介詞”句式的，就用v.ed形式。單項填空()(1) I won't go to the party unless_.A. invited B. invitingC. to invite D. inviteA考查“連接詞 非謂語動詞”的用法。invite與主語I是被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞，所以答案是A。()(2) (2020;2020·湖南)Every evening after dinner, if not _ from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.A. being tired B. tiringC. tired D. to be tiredC考查“連接詞 非謂語動詞”的用法。因非謂語動詞后有介詞能構(gòu)成 “be tiredfrom”句式，用過去分詞，所以答案是C。one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself. (P2)在某個溫馨之夜，為了能一個人好好地看看月亮，我故意不睡直到十一點半。in order to 所表達的是目的狀語，表示“為了”之意。其否定式是in order not to do sth.，既可放在句首，又可放在句中。In order to catch up with his classmate as soon as possible, he works even harder.為了能盡快地趕上同學,他學習更加刻苦了。He set out early in the morning in order not to miss the early bus.為了不錯過早班車，他一大早就動身了。鏈接(1) in order that 與so that 引導(dǎo)的是目的狀語從句，在現(xiàn)代英語中，in order that 與so that沒有太大的區(qū)別，但so that還可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。He spoke at the top of his voice at the meeting in order that/so that everyone present could hear him. (目的狀語從句)他在會上聲嘶力竭地喊著以便所有在場的人都能聽到。He spoke at the top of his voice at the meeting, so that everyone present heard him. (結(jié)果狀語從句)他在會上聲嘶力竭地喊著結(jié)果所有在場的人都聽到了。根據(jù)括號中的漢語提示完成下列句子(1) We must make the polluted water clean _(為了不使河流受到污染)(2) We work hard_(為了能通過入學考試)(1) in order that it doesn't make the river polluted(2) in order to pass the entrance exam/in order that we can pass the entrance exam(2) in order that與in order to do sth.的關(guān)系當主從復(fù)合句中的前后主語一致時，我們才可以使用in order to do sth.句式，如題(2)；否則必須使用主從復(fù)合句，如題(1)。辨析in order to do sth./ so as to do sth. /to do sth. / soas toin order to do sth. 既可位于句首，也可位于句中；so as to do sth.不能放在句首；to do sth.不用于否定概念。In order to / To keep up with his classmates, he studies hard.He studies hard in order not to / so as not to fall behind.soas to只表示結(jié)果，表示“到某種程度以至于”，否定形式為soas not to。so后面接形容詞或副詞。運用以上短語完成下面的情景After a day's hardworking, we went to bed early. We were (1) _ tired (2) _ fall asleep as soon as our heads touch the pillows. (3) _ finish the construction in time, we made up our minds to work 12 hours a day, which is (4)_ a tough job (5) _ we felt it hard to hold on. Our boss employed another 2 workers yesterday, (6) _ we could have a better rest.(1)so (2) as to (3) In order to(4) such (5) that (6) so that你知道當in order to do sth./ so as to do sth. /to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)同時出現(xiàn)在選項中，選哪個最保險嗎？在書面表達中，表示目的我們用哪個最不出錯誤呢？_in order to do sth.是表示目的的萬能句式，它既能放到句首，又能放在句尾，還能構(gòu)成否定式，所以使用它是最沒問題的。I didn't go downstairs until the window had to be shut. (P2)我一直等到非關(guān)窗不可的時候才下樓去。(1) until既是介詞又是連接詞I'll wait for him until midnight. (介詞)I'll wait for him until he comes back. (連接詞)(2)主句是否定句的運用(注意句意變化)We discussed it until the manager came.我們一直討論到經(jīng)理來。We didn't discuss it until the manager came.直到經(jīng)理來我們才討論。We didn't stop working until the manager came.直到經(jīng)理來我們才停止工作。當until意為“直到才”時，主句就要用否定句，而不是依據(jù)主句的動詞是否是延續(xù)性動詞。當主句是延續(xù)性動詞時，主句用肯定句，其意思是：主句的動作一直延續(xù)到從句動詞所發(fā)生的動作為止；而使用否定句時，則表示從句的動作發(fā)生時，主句的動作才開始發(fā)生。(3)until后的時態(tài)問題由于until引導(dǎo)的是時間狀語從句，所以它的一般將來時用一般現(xiàn)在時代替；過去將來時用一般過去時代替；將來完成時用現(xiàn)在完成時代替。He had left his key in the office. He had to wait until his wife came.Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.(4) 這一句式的倒裝問題Not until he came back from Africa that year did he meet the girl he would like to marry.It was not until he came back from Africa that year that he met the girl he would like to marry.當not until在句首時，其主句應(yīng)當使用倒裝句；而強調(diào)句則不倒裝。it was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face (P2)這是我一年半來第一次目睹夜晚It/This is/was the first/second time that主語完成時，表示“某人第一/第二次做某事”。其完成時的選擇依據(jù)主句的be動詞是was，從句的謂語用過去完成時had done；主句的be動詞是is，從句的謂語用現(xiàn)在完成時have done；主句的be動詞是will be，從句的謂語用將來完成時will have done。 Can you tell me the way to the station? Sorry, I'm a stranger here. This is the first time I have come here.你知道這一句型與“It's high/ about time (that) 從句”的區(qū)別嗎？在下列例句中體會。It's the first time that I have gone to the school.It's high time that I went to the school.“It's the first time that從句”句型中從句的時態(tài)是完成時，而“It's high/ about time (that) 從句”句型中從句的時態(tài)是一般過去時或should do sth.。