第13講 it的用法及強(qiáng)調(diào)句型it的用法一、it作指示代詞【完成句子】用one，ones，it，that，those填空(1) I can't find my watch. You haven't found _？ If you want to buy a new _， I suggest you buy _ made in China.(2) We've got a big cup and two small _.(3) The weight of an elephant is much greater than _ of a tiger.(4) The books on the first shelf are easier than _ on the second shelf.(5) The boy told his story and _ of the girl upstairs.【答案】(1) it; one; one (2) ones (3) that(4) those / the ones (5) that / the one【結(jié)論1】指代上文提過(guò)的事物時(shí)，it指的是同名同物，相當(dāng)于the名詞；one指的是同名異物，表示單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞相當(dāng)于a 名詞；a / an形容詞one等于a / an形容詞名詞；復(fù)數(shù)形式用ones；that后面常有后置定語(yǔ)，有特指意義，代替不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，相當(dāng)于the名詞；復(fù)數(shù)名詞用those，相當(dāng)于the ones。【例句觀察】 Someone is knocking at the door. Who is it? It must be Leo. He said he'd come to see me.【結(jié)論2】it指代人時(shí)，常指小孩或身份不明的人。【例句觀察】It's too quiet in the room. Everyone just keeps silent.【結(jié)論2】it可用以指代環(huán)境或情況?！就瓿衫洹扛鶕?jù)語(yǔ)境補(bǔ)全句子(6) What time is it now? It's half past seven.(7) It is spring now and it's warm these days.【結(jié)論4】 it可用以指代時(shí)間、季節(jié)、天氣或距離。【注意】 it指代時(shí)間時(shí)，有如下一些句型：(1) It is time for sth. (for sb.)to do sth. / that從句(should do / did, 必須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣)例： It's time for lunch. It's time for us to clean the house. It's time that we should clean the house.It's time that we cleaned the house.(2) It is / has been some time since從句 (從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí))(3) It / This is the first / secondtime that從句(必須使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))這是某人第次做了某事。It / That was the first / secondtime that從句(必須使用過(guò)去完成時(shí))例：It is the second time that she has visited the Great Wall. This was the first time that I had come late to school.(4) It was 時(shí)間點(diǎn) when 從句例： It was evening when we got home. It was evening in which we got home.(5) It was / will be some time before 從句例：過(guò)了5年他們才從北大畢業(yè)。It was five years before they finally graduated from Beijing University.不久，我們就要從我們學(xué)校畢業(yè)了。It won't be long before we graduate from our school.二、it作形式主語(yǔ)【完成例句】根據(jù)語(yǔ)境補(bǔ)全句子(8) It is possible for me to make a tour around the world.【結(jié)論】代替由不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句所表示的真正主語(yǔ)。為平衡句子，通常把不定式作主語(yǔ)改為it 作形式主語(yǔ)。三、it作形式賓語(yǔ)【例句觀察】How did it come about that so many people were attacked? She feels it hard to get in touch with her old friend. Mobile phones make it possible for us to keep in touch anywhere. I have made it a rule to get up early.【結(jié)論1】it可以用在某些固定句型中，例如：How did it come about that從句意為“怎么發(fā)生的？”it 作形式賓語(yǔ)常用結(jié)構(gòu)有：代替由不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句所表示的真正賓語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)有：主語(yǔ) think / consider / find / feel / make / believe / regard itadj. / n. (for sb.)to do.【例句觀察】I consider it no good chatting with strangers through the Internet.【結(jié)論2】主語(yǔ) think / consider / find / feel it no good / use doing sth.【例句觀察】I hate it when people speak with their mouths full.【結(jié)論3】主語(yǔ)hate / dislike / love / like it when從句，表示對(duì)某一情況的喜好或厭惡?！纠溆^察】I really appreciate it if you could help me with my math.【結(jié)論4】主語(yǔ)appreciate it if從句【例句觀察】You must see to it that the doors are locked before you leave the lab.You can depend upon it that we won't give up.I answer for it that she is an honest girl.【結(jié)論5】主語(yǔ)see to / answer for it that從句(確保)主語(yǔ)depend on it that從句(指望，確信)四、帶it的一些固定詞組1(You've / I've) got it. 懂了，明白了2. Forget it. 算了吧，別在意，沒(méi)關(guān)系。3. take it easy 別著急，慢慢來(lái)；別過(guò)于緊張4. make it 辦得到，做成功5. make it 時(shí)間把定在(某時(shí))6. It / That (all) depends. 那要看情況而定。7. It can't be helped. 沒(méi)有辦法。 / 這是不可避免的。8. It is hard to say. 情況很難說(shuō)。9. It comes to nothing. 沒(méi)有什么結(jié)果。10. Don't mention it. 不用謝。11. That's it. 對(duì)了；正是。12. catch it(口語(yǔ))被責(zé)罵； 受處罰13. Believe it or not. 信不信由你。14. It doesn't matter. 沒(méi)有關(guān)系； 不要緊；15. When it comes to當(dāng)談到； 當(dāng)涉及16. Keep it up. 再接再厲。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本用法1強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)：It is / was 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that 句子的其余部分。2句型解讀：(1) it是引導(dǎo)詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容可以是句子的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)。如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是人，that 可用who代替，其他情況一律用that。(2) 驗(yàn)證強(qiáng)調(diào)句的方法： 去掉It is / wasthat 結(jié)構(gòu)后，可以把被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分與句子其余部分還原為一個(gè)完整的句子。二、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的考點(diǎn)【例句觀察】(1) It was Edison who invented the lamp.(2) It is Edison who invents the lamp.【結(jié)論1】注意時(shí)態(tài)的一致性。原句中用的是過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)， 用it wasthat；原句中用的是現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的某種時(shí)態(tài)，用it isthat【例句觀察】It is I that am your English teacher.【結(jié)論2】當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是主語(yǔ)時(shí)，注意保持主謂一致?！纠溆^察】He didn't go to bed until he finished his homework. (對(duì)畫(huà)線部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)) It wasn't until he finished his homework that he went to bed. (強(qiáng)調(diào)句)【結(jié)論3】not until 結(jié)構(gòu)用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句中，not 要提前到until之前，放在be動(dòng)詞后。即：It wasn't until that 句子的其余部分?！纠溆^察】Was it not until he finished his homework that he went to bed?【結(jié)論4】強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問(wèn)句形式：Is / Was it 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 that句子的其余部分?！就瓿删渥印縒hen was it that he went to bed?【結(jié)論5】強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問(wèn)句形式：特殊疑問(wèn)詞 is / was it that 句子的其余部分?！纠溆^察】I really don't know when it was that he went to bed.【結(jié)論6】含有強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特殊疑問(wèn)句作賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，注意用陳述語(yǔ)序?！疽呻y】It is in the city where he was born that he works.他工作的地方是他出生的那個(gè)城市。【疑難剖析】強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分含有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，要注意區(qū)別、分析。It is / was 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分定語(yǔ)從句that (who)句子的其余部分