第三部分 專題一 第一講 名詞和介詞1.名詞的復數(shù)形式；名詞的可數(shù)性和不可數(shù)性；名詞作定語；名詞所有格等。2表示時間及空間的介詞的用法。3介詞與動詞、名詞的固定搭配。42020年高考名詞將重點考查詞義辨析，介詞將重點考查短語辨析。1(2020·天津高考)James took the magazines off the little table to make _ for the television.Aroom BareaCfield Dposition解析：句意：James從小桌上拿走了(堆放的)雜志給電視機騰地方。本題考查了名詞在動詞短語中的用法。固定短語make room for sb./sth.為某人/某物騰地方。其余選項無此用法。答案：A2(2020·浙江高考)The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they don't give you any direct _.Asolution BtargetCmeasure Dfunction解析：考查名詞辨析。句意：學校顧問會幫你梳理一下你的問題，但是他們不會給你任何直接的解決辦法。solution解決問題的辦法；target 目標，靶子；measure 措施；function 功能，作用。根據(jù)句意選A。答案：A3(2020·浙江高考)I guess we've already talked about this before but I'll ask you again just _.Aby nature Bin returnCin case Dby chance解析：考查短語辨析。句意：我猜我們以前談過這個問題，但以防萬一，我還是要再問問你。in case表示“以防，萬一”；by nature表示“天生，生性”；in return表示“作為的回報”；by chance則表示“偶然，意外地”。根據(jù)語意，這里選C項。答案：C4(2020·天津高考)My father warned me _ going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists.Aby BonCfor Dagainst解析：此題考查介詞。warn sb. against doingwarn sb. not to do sth.“警告某人不要做某事”，為固定搭配。故選D項。答案：D5(2020·北京高考)Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden? They are _ everyone's enjoyment.Ain BatCfor Dto解析：此題考查介詞辨析。句意：你能不摘花園里的花嗎？他們是讓所有人都欣賞的?！盀榱恕睉?yīng)用for，to表示“對于”。答案：C6(2020·鄭州第二次質(zhì)量檢測)Even if the judge takes your side, you will have no chance to win the _.Acase BsupportCargument Dcharge解析：考查名詞辨析。case指“被警方調(diào)查的案件，訴訟案”，此處win a case意為“勝訴”，符合題意?！皵≡V”為“l(fā)ost a case”。support“支撐，支持”；argument“急論，辯論”；charge“指責，指控，控告”。答案：A7(2020·河南示范性高中五校4月聯(lián)考)Most female workers in Beijing suffer from _ connected to the global financial crisis, according to a recent survey.Acuriosity BeagernessCthirst Danxiety解析：句意：據(jù)最近調(diào)查，在北京的職業(yè)女性多數(shù)患有與經(jīng)濟危機有關(guān)的焦慮癥。curiosity好奇；eagerness渴望；thirst口渴；anxiety焦慮。答案：D8(2020·唐山二模)His story of the accident does not make any _. He is telling a lie.Adifference BexcuseCsense Dpoint解析：考查名詞辨析。后一句中提到他在撒謊，由此可知他講述的故事沒有意義。make no sense表示“沒有意義，講不通”。make no difference表示“沒有作用，沒有影響，都一樣”，不符合語意。答案：C9(2020·東北三校第一次聯(lián)考) My father didn't have to say anything.I knew he was upset from his _.Alook BsightCappearance Dsign解析：考查名詞辨析。句意：我父親無須說什么，我從他的表情就知道他很難過。此處的look表示“表情”。后三項分別表示“視力，景象”“外貌”“標志，跡象”，都不符合題意。答案：A10(2020·黑龍江檢測)If you're looking for a _，you can make it when it is on sale.Aprice BbargainCcost Dbill解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。on sale表示“廉價出售”，因此應(yīng)用bargain(特價商品)與之呼應(yīng)。句意：如果你在尋找特價商品，減價出售時你就可以買到。答案：B11(2020·湖北六市聯(lián)考)Success in life doesn't happen _. It's the result of devoting your time and energy to what you've set out to do.Aby force Bby designCby accident Dby choice解析：考查介詞短語。句意：人生的成功不是偶然而至的，它是將時間與精力投入到你決心要做的事情之后的結(jié)果。by force“用武力”；by design“故意地”；by accident“偶然地”；by choice“出于自己的選擇”。從句意判斷選C。答案：C12(2020·重慶第二次調(diào)研)Have you seen James Cameron's Avatar?Yes. It takes us to a fantastic world _imagination.Aon BbeyondCto Dfor解析：考查介詞 。答語句意：是的，它(阿凡達)帶我們進入了一個難以想象的奇妙世界。beyond imagination意為“難以想象”。答案：B13(2020·成都第二次診斷)Her smooth spoken English has given her certain advantages _ others _ job hunting.Afor；of Bover；ofCover；in Damong；in解析：考查介詞用法。句意：她流暢的英語口語讓她在求職中比其他人有某些優(yōu)勢。此處over表示“超過”，in表示“在方面”。答案：C14(2020·南通二模)To keep safe _ an earthquake，you should remain at a spot in your room where nothing may fall on you.Ain search of Bin advance ofCin terms of Din case of解析：考查介詞短語辨析。in search of尋找；in advance of在前面，超過；in terms of就而言；in case of萬一，以防。句意：萬一地震，為了保證你的安全，你最好待在一個不會有東西掉下來的地方。故選D。答案：D15(2020·黑龍江檢測)Ballet is not popular _ our city because most people think it is too expensive to take the classes.Ain BwithCamong Don解析：考查介詞。語意表示“芭蕾在我們市不太流行”，in 表示“在地方”。此題考生會誤選B和C項，be popular with/among sb.表示“受歡迎”，介詞后面接人。答案：A.單項填空1(2020·綿陽診斷性測試)Niagara Falls is a great tourist _ drawing millions of visitors from all parts of the world every year.Ainterest BattractionCview  Dscene解析：考查名詞辨析。句意：尼亞加拉大瀑布是一個很美的旅游勝地，每年吸引數(shù)以百萬計來自世界各地的游客。attraction表示“具有吸引力的事物”，tourist attraction意為“旅游勝地”。interest表示“興趣或吸引力”；view表示“(從某處看到的)風景”；scene表示“景色或現(xiàn)場”。答案：B2(2020·保定調(diào)研)Mind your _ and remember to say “thank you” to the host when you leave the party.Aactions BwaysCmanners   Dsteps解析：考查名詞。句意：注意禮貌，當你離開宴會時記得向主人道謝。這里強調(diào)的是注意社交禮儀，manners表示“禮貌，禮儀”，符合句意。action“行動”；way“方法，方式”；step“步驟，步伐”。答案：C3(2020·綿陽診斷性測試)To be honest, I've been out of _ with most of my old friends.Areach BstepCtouch Ddate解析：考查固定搭配。out of touch with是固定詞組，表示“與不聯(lián)系，不接觸”，符合句意。out of reach表示“夠不到”，out of date表示“過時”，都與句意不符。答案：C4(2020·3月濟南模擬)Many people in Haiti died from the earthquake because they didn't have _ to immediate rescue.Aaccess BadmissionCapproach Dattention解析：考查名詞辨析。句意：海地有許多人死于地震，因為他們沒有得到及時的援救。have access to可以獲得或使用(機會、權(quán)利等)。答案：A5(2020·濰坊教學質(zhì)量抽樣監(jiān)測)I am really a bit worried because I have no idea what my parents' _ will be to my poor examination result.Aexpression BreactionCappearance Dexpectation解析：考查名詞辨析。句意：我真的有點擔心，因為我不知道我父母對我不好的考試結(jié)果會是什么反應(yīng)。expression表情；reaction反應(yīng)；appearance外表；expectation期望。答案：B6(2020·煙臺四校聯(lián)考)We didn't have enough money to pay our bus fare，and in _ we had to walk.Aconsequence BadditionCgeneral Dpurpose解析：考查固定搭配。句意：我們沒有足夠的錢付車費，因此我們只能步行了。in consequence 結(jié)果，因此，符合題意；in addition(besides)另外；in general 通常，大體上，一般而言；on purpose 故意地。答案：A7(2020·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市教學調(diào)查)If you live near the lake，_are that you will hear birds singing to welcome the new day.Afacts BchancesCsituations Dpossibilities解析：考查名詞的習慣用法。Chances are that.是固定句式，意思是“可能會”。其他幾個詞不符合搭配習慣。答案：B8(2020·海南五校聯(lián)考)Mr.Li has some trouble sleeping，so drinking a glass of milk before going to bed every night is his common _.Apractice BknowledgeCexperience Dduty解析：考查名詞辨析。因此每晚睡前喝一杯牛奶是他通常的做法。common practice“通常的做法”，符合題意。答案：A9(2020·陜西教學質(zhì)量檢測)There is no _ in going to school for the students merely to learn some facts.Adoubt BmindCpoint Dwonder解析：考查名詞辨析。固定句式There is no point in doing sth.表示“做是沒有必要的”，其他搭配不正確，所以這里選C項。答案：C10(2020·浙江金華十校3月聯(lián)考)The conference has been held to discuss the _ of global warming on people's lives all over the world.Aimportance BeffectsCprotection Dattitudes解析：考查名詞辨析。effect 意思是“影響”，即討論全球氣候變暖對人們生活的影響。其他選項不合題意。importance 意思是“重要性”；protection意思是“保護”；attitude意思是“態(tài)度”。答案：B11(2020·福建畢業(yè)班檢查)Any help from you will be greatly appreciated.Please give me a reply at your earliest _.Ainterruption BinstructionCconsideration Dconvenience解析：考查名詞辨析。這里表示“請在你方便的時候盡早給我回復”，at your earliest convenience 是固定表達，表示“在你方便的時候請盡早”，符合語意。interruption“打斷”；instruction“指導，指示”；consideration“考慮”。答案：D12(2020·承德一模)Quite a lot of students failed in the math exam.Exactly. It is _ their abilities.Awithin BoverCagainst Dbeyond解析：考查介詞。很多學生數(shù)學考試都沒有通過，因此說數(shù)學試卷超出了他們的能力。beyond“超過”，符合句意。答案：D13(2020·保定調(diào)研)How about your trip to Italy?Oh, _ the fine weather, we enjoyed ourselves indeed.Abut for Bthanks toCin spite of Dbecause of解析：考查短語辨析。句意：“意大利的旅行怎么樣？”“哦，幸虧天氣好，我們玩得很愉快?！盉項“幸虧，由于”，符合句意。but for表示“要不是”，in spite of表示“盡管”，because of表示“因為”都與句意不符。答案：B14(2020·北京海淀區(qū)期末)Once made out, the plan must be carried out _ any difficulty.Aregardless of Binstead ofCbecause of Din need of解析：句意：一旦作出計劃，不管多難，都要開展下去。regardless of表示“不管，無論”；instead of表示“代替”；because of表示“因為”；in need of表示“需要”。結(jié)合選項和語意可知應(yīng)該選A項。答案：A15(2020·鄭州高中畢業(yè)班質(zhì)量預測)The man was hit _ the head _ a stone while traveling in the mountain.Aon；with Bin；byCon；by Din；with解析：考查介詞的用法?！按蛟谀橙祟^上”習慣用介詞on；后面一空中的by引出動作的發(fā)出者。故選C。答案：C16(2020·3月濟南模擬)Going to work today，Brenda?No.It's my day _ today.Aout BinCaway Doff解析：考查介詞辨析。語意：今天我休息。It's one's day off.是固定用法。答案：D17(2020·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市教學調(diào)查)I can tell you nothing else about the new film _ what you've already known.Arather than Bas well asCin spite of Dapart from解析：考查短語辨析。apart from意思是“除了”。關(guān)于那部新電影，除了你已經(jīng)知道的情況外，我沒有什么可以告訴你的了。rather than意思是“而不是”；as well as意思是“和一樣，也”；in spite of意思是“不顧，不管”。答案：D18(2020·南京第二次模擬)After running for a mile yesterday，I was almost _，not feeling bad，though.Aout of shape Bout of breathCout of control Dout of order解析：考查介詞詞組辨析。句意：昨天跑了一英里后，我上氣不接下氣。out of breath“上氣不接下氣”，符合語意。out of shape表示“走樣的，身體不佳”；out of control表示“失控”；out of order 表示“發(fā)生故障”。答案：B19(2020·杭州市第二次教學質(zhì)量檢測)After the quarrel，I tried all my best to remove the misunderstanding between us，but all my efforts seemed _.Ain vain Bin caseCin time Din trouble解析：考查固定短語辨析。句意：爭吵過后，我盡力去消除我們之間的誤會，但是我的努力看起來都白費了。in vain“白費地，徒勞無益地”；in case“免得，以防”；in time 及時；in trouble處于困境。故選A。答案：A20(2020·浙江金華十校3月聯(lián)考)Many of the scientists and engineers are judged _ how great their achievements are.Ain spite of Bin charge ofCin favor of Din terms of解析：考查介詞短語。in spite of意思是“不顧”；in charge of意思是“負責，管理”；in favor of意思是“支持，贊同”；in terms of意思是“根據(jù)，就而言”。根據(jù)題干內(nèi)容可知，D項符合語境。即依據(jù)他們所取得的成就來評定。答案：D.完形填空(2020·合肥第二次教學檢測)Kindness is the golden chain by which society is bound together.However，I was not thinking about the golden chain when I had to help people who _1_ their way and parked in front of my house.I was growing tired of helping so many people.Almost every _2_ I was awaken during a sound night's sleep and had to _3_ someone out.Many times I was _4_ by some penniless motorists who did not even thank me for the help that they received and some even complained that I could have done _5_ .One day，a young man with a week­old beard climbed out of a _6_ automobile.He had no money and no food.He asked if I could give him some _7_ ，offer him gasoline and a meal.I told him that if he wanted to work for me，he could cut the grass，but _8_ the work wasn't necessary.Though sweaty and hungry，he worked hard.After working all day，he sat _9_ to cool himself.I thanked him for his work and gave him the money he _10_ .I then offered him some _11_ money for the task particularly well done, but he shook his head，_12_ .I never saw him again.He probably thought I helped him out that day，but that is not the _13_ it was.I didn't help him，whereas he helped me to _14_ people again to repay their trust in me.He helped me to once again want to do something for those who are _15_ .I wish I could thank him for _16_ some of my belief in the basic _17_ of others and for giving me back a little of the _18_ I had lost.Because of him，I once again felt myself part of a golden chain of kindness that _19_ us to others.I may have fed his body that day，but he fed my _20_ .語篇解讀：本文告訴我們與人為善的好處。作者告訴我們，善意(kindness)是聯(lián)系社會的紐帶。1A.fought BfoundCmade Dlost解析：根據(jù)第二段可知，經(jīng)常有一些迷路的人向作者問路。因此選D。答案：D2A.morning BafternoonCnight Devening解析：根據(jù)空處后面的內(nèi)容可知，幾乎每天晚上都要被人吵醒。答案：C3A.bring  BhelpCcarry Ddrive解析：help sb.out意思是“幫助某人擺脫(困境)”。答案：B4A.taken for granted   Bput up withCturned down Dtaken up with解析：take.for granted意思是“認為理所當然”。一些身無分文的汽車司機認為我理所當然應(yīng)該幫助他們。put up with“容忍，忍受”；turn down“拒絕，關(guān)小”；take up with“和交往”。答案：A5A.less BmoreCworse   Denough解析：有些人甚至抱怨我本應(yīng)該為他們提供更多的幫助。答案：B6A.fashionable BfamousCflashy   Dshabby解析：fashionable “流行的”；famous“著名的”；flashy“浮華的”；shabby意思是“破舊的”。根據(jù)后面一句話可知，這個人比較窮，因此D項正確，即他開的車很破。答案：D7A.money BfoodChelp Dwork解析：后面一句話中if he wanted to work for me是答案提示。他讓我給他安排一些工作，給他提供汽油和一頓飯。答案：D8A.actually BspeciallyCparticularly Dgenerally解析：根據(jù)語境可知，事實上(actually)修剪草坪的工作不必要做。specially“專門地”；particularly“特別，尤其”；generally“普遍地，一般地”。答案：A9A.in the sun Bin the shadeCin the field Din the car解析：根據(jù)前面的sweaty可知，此處表示工作一天后，他坐在陰涼處(in the shade)乘涼。答案：B10A.asked BbeggedCneeded Dcharged解析：聯(lián)系上文He had no money可知，此處表示我感謝他為我所做的工作并給了他需要的錢。答案：C11A.old BextraCsmall Dgood解析：因為他工作干得特別好，我給他一些額外的(extra)錢。答案：B12A.accepted BreceivedCrefused Ddenied解析：由前面的he shook his head可知，他拒絕接受我多給他的錢。答案：C13A.situation BthingCissue Dway解析：way表示方式。他可能認為我那天幫助了他，但其實事情不是那樣(the way)的。situation“情況，局面”；thing “東西，事件”；issue“(特別重要或大眾關(guān)注的)議題，問題”。答案：D14A.believe in Bwatch overClook after Dcare about解析：他幫助我重新信任他人，以回報他們對我的信任。believe in“信賴，信任”；watch over“照管，監(jiān)視”；look after“照顧，照料”；care about“關(guān)心”。答案：A15A.in trouble Bin danger Cin tears Din fear解析：根據(jù)上文可知，他幫助我讓我重新想為那些遇到麻煩的人做些事情。in trouble“處于困境中，有麻煩”符合語境。in danger“在危險中”；in tears “流著淚”；in fear“害怕地”。答案：A16A.forgetting BlosingCrestoring Dfinding解析：restore意思是“恢復，修復”。根據(jù)上下文，尤其是本句后面的giving me back可知，他幫我恢復了一些信念：相信別人的善意。其他選項不符合語境。答案：C17A.goodness BhappinessCpleasure Dnature解析：goodness與本文首句的Kindness相照應(yīng)，即人們的善意。答案：A18A.weakness BstrengthCoptimism Dpessimism解析：optimism意思是“樂觀”，幫助我恢復了一點自己所遺失的樂觀。答案：C19A.adapts BadjustsCdevotes Dconnects解析：因為他，我再一次感到自己是善意黃金鏈的一部分，善意將人們聯(lián)系(connects)在一起。這里與文章的第一句話相照應(yīng)。答案：D20A.heart BsoulChead   Dmouth解析：soul意思是“心靈，內(nèi)心”，與前半句的body形成對比。我可能讓他填飽了肚子，但他讓我的心靈充實。答案：B.閱讀理解(2020·福州質(zhì)量檢測)Today most Chinese teenagers are happy to be favored by two parents and four grandparents in their families.But have you ever thought about how to take care of four to twelve old people when you grow up and get married？This could be a problem for most Chinese youths as China is entering a new stage of an aging society.An aging society refers to one where 10 percent or more of its population is over 60.By the end of 2020，Chinese over 60 years old have made up 11.7 percent of the nation's total population.“China is getting old before becoming rich，”said Cai Chuang，a professor at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.The population increase that has powered Chinese growth for three decades will give way over the next ten years to a rapid aging of the society.This will lead to weaker economic growth，because of a lack of labor resources.As a result of the family planning policy，it is expected that the country's total working population will decrease after 2020.China is not the only country getting old.More than 60 countries have become aging societies and one in three people in the European Union is a senior citizen.However，experts said that China doesn't have a highly developed social security network to support the old.Social security is an insurance program protecting those in need，including the old，the disabled and others.1An aging society is a society that _.Aless than 10% of its population is over 60B10% or more of its population is over 60Cthere are four old people in a familyDmost of its population is over 60解析：細節(jié)理解題。文章第二段一開始就給老齡化社會下了定義：An aging society refers to one where 10 percent or more of its population is over 60.故應(yīng)選B。答案：B2If China enters an aging society，_.Athere will not be enough labor resourcesBthe family planning policy will be endedCeveryone needs to take care of four to twelve old peopleDChina will have a highly developed social security network解析：細節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句Cai Chuang 說的話This will lead to weaker economic growth，because of a lack of labor resources.可以知道答案為A。答案：A3What does Cai Chuang mean by saying “China is getting old before becoming rich.”？AChina will be an aging society，then be a developed country.BChina will be a rich country before being an aging society.CAn aging society will affect Chinese economy development.DChina will stop developing because of its aging problem.解析：句意理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段Cai Chuang 的話可知，老齡化社會會影響中國的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展，故答案應(yīng)選C。答案：C4The passage mainly talks about _.Aan aging society BChinese social problemsCfamily planning policy Daging problem in China解析：主旨大意題。本文主要寫的是中國的老齡化問題及老齡化社會對中國社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的影響。故應(yīng)選D。答案：DThe population increase that has powered Chinese growth for three decades will give way over the next ten years to a rapid aging of the society.已經(jīng)推動中國增長三十年的人口增加，將會在未來十年讓步于快速增加的老齡化社會。The population increase that.為定語從句。More than 60 countries have become aging societies and one in three people in the European Union is a senior citizen.已有60多個國家成為老齡化社會，而且在歐盟，三個人中有一個是高齡公民。