【優(yōu)化指導(dǎo)】（課標(biāo)全國）高考英語總復(fù)習(xí) 課時(shí)作業(yè)38 北師大版 一、閱讀理解AThe climate secrets of the deepest part of the ocean，the Marianas Trench(壕溝)in the western Pacific Ocean，have been explored by scientists.The international team used a submersible，designed to withstand great pressure，to study the bottom of the 10.9km­deep underwater canyon.Their early results reveal that ocean trenches are acting as carbon sinks.This suggests that they play a larger role in regulating the Earths chemistry and climate than was thought.Although two explorers，Jacques Piccard and Don Walsh，reached the deepest part of the Marianas Trencha point called the Challenger Deepin 1960，no humans have been back since.And the scientific missions，including this recent visit to this deepest spot，have been carried out using unmanned underwater vehicles.Lead researcher Professor Ronnie Glud，from the University of Southern Denmark and the Scottish Association for Marine Science，said that working at more than 1,000 atmospheres of pressure was challenging，but advances in technology had made it possible.He told BBC News，“This is the first time we have been able to set down sophisticated(精密的)instruments at these depths to measure how much carbon is buried there.”The tests also helped the scientists to assess the storage of carbon at those dark depths.This is not the first time deep sea trenches have surprised scientists.Recent studies by University of Aberdeens Oceanlab team have revealed that marine life is much more abundant in this difficult habitat than was previously thought.In 2020，they filmed the deepest living fish ever to be caught on cameraa 17­strong shoal(魚群)found at depths of 7.7km in the Japan Trench，and they discovered that other animals such as amphipods were present in large numbers even deeper.Dr Alan Jamieson，from Oceanlab，said the new study was helping researchers to build up a better idea of what happens in the deepest of the deep.1From the description of carbon sinks we learn that _.Athey have been on the ocean floor for thousands of yearsBthe trenches can be used to control climateCthere are many chemistry resources on the ocean floorDthe carbon sinks contribute to changes in the climate2What can be inferred from the passage?AMany scientists have died in the Marianas Trench during explorations.BJacques Piccard and Don Walsh came back successfully from the Marianas Trench.CUnmanned underwater vehicles have replaced humans in exploring the floor since 1960.DThe explorations of the trench have not been launched until 1960.3What do we know from Ronnie Gluds words?AHumans cant work at more than 1,000 atmospheres of pressure.BThe research aimed to assess the carbon storage at those dark depths.CCarbon is the most important mineral resource on the ocean floor.DFinding out the storage of carbon is one of the main tasks of scientists.BOprah Winfrey，the queen of American daytime talk TV，is considered one of the most powerful women in the world.Now，after 25 years' hosting The Oprah Winfrey Show，the star has announced she is calling it quits.According to the Los Angeles Times，the move“signals the beginning of the decline for the daytime talk show”More women are working full­time jobs，and people are turning to cable(有線電視)and pre­recorded shows for their entertainment.It may be that Oprah isn't quitting so much as moving on.She has created the Oprah Winfrey Network(OWN)，and will most likely move her show to the network.If audiences around the world need Oprah，they will know where to look.Oprah Winfrey was born to a single teenage mother in a small town in rural Mississippi，US.As a child，she lived with poverty and abuse.But she got a job at a local radio station，where her honesty，emotional style won her many fans.She quickly rose through the ranks of radio and television before launching her own production company and starting her own show.Oprah's talk show was not the first of its kind，but it quickly became the best and most popular.It made talk shows popular，and others jumped in to start similar shows.But while other talk shows turned ugly，featuring guests who argued and attacked each other with chairs，Oprah_rose_above_the_mess.“Part of her power lies in the fact that her life story resonates(產(chǎn)生共鳴)with her audience，as a kind of version of the American dream，”writes Kevin Connolly，a reporter with the BBC.She became a star because of the way she opened up about her problems to her audience.She shared her own struggles with relationships and weight.She focused on self­help.Connolly believes“something in her honesty and her sometimes painfully emotional directness struck home with a certain type of American”4Which of the following statements is NOT true?AThe stop of Oprah's show reflects the decrease of audience.BOprah hosted her show for about 25 years.CAmerican talk show was pioneered by Oprah.DOprah used to be a radio presenter.5. What does the underlined sentence mean?AOprah could deal with the guests fighting very well.BOprah's show stood out with her unique style.COprah turned a deaf ear to other people's quarrel.DOprah's fame rose because lots of people watched her show.6From Kevin Connolly，we know people like Oprah's show for all the reasons EXCEPT that _.AOprah always shares people's life stories in her showBthe audience are touched by Oprah's honesty and franknessCOprah's life story reflects the truth of American dreamDsome audience are inspired by Oprah's show7According to the text，Oprah_.Aalways volunteers to help those who need helpBhas practiced presentational skills since she was youngCbelieves that one should rely on himself to solve problemsDcalls on women to work full­time jobs二、短文填空根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。_1_ Scientists and experts have proved the uniqueness of finger­prints and discovered that no exactly similar pattern is passed on from parents to children，though nobody knows why this is the case.The ridge(隆起)structure on a person's fingers does not change with growth and is not affected by surface injuries.Burns，cuts and other damage to the outer part of the skin will be replaced in time by new one，which bears a reproduction of the original pattern._2_Some criminals make use of this fact to remove their own finger­prints but this is a dangerous and rare step to take.Finger­prints can be made very easily with printer's ink.They can be recorded easily._3_ Because of the simplicity and economy of this system，finger­prints have often been used as a method of solving criminal case.A suspected man may deny a charge but this may be in vain._4_When a suspect leaves finger­prints behind at the scene of a crime，they are difficult to detect with the naked eye._5_ Some of the marks found are incomplete but identification is possible if a print of a quarter of an inch square can be obtained.ASpecial techniques are used to“develop”them.BA finger­print is an impression of the friction ridges of all part of the finger.CIt is only when the inner skin is injured that the arrangement will be destroyed.DWith special methods，identification can be achieved successfully within a short time.EA latent(隱約的)print is the chance reproduction of the friction ridges deposited on the surface of an item.FHis finger­prints can prove who he is even if his appearance has been changed by age or accident.GEvery human being has a unique arrangement of the skin on his fingers and this arrangement is unchangeable.1_2._3._4._5_三、短文改錯(cuò)假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處，每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)()，并在其下面寫上該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線()劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。Dear Mr.Zhang，The mid­term examination is come up soon.And it's time for us to go over which we've learned.In my opinion，what we need most is your proper instructions.We expect you to give us good advice on how to do it more efficient，for example，on how to write in the natural English.Besides，you'd better explain less in class，for we needed a little more time to think ourselves.Meanwhile，I still have other request：please assign us less homework.By the way，we often feel frustrating at the lack of progress，which has a very bad effect on our study.We should appreciate if he would give us some encouragement from time to time.Yours，Li Hua參考答案與解析課時(shí)作業(yè)(三十八)Unit 19B卷一、閱讀理解解題導(dǎo)語：雖然脫口秀女皇奧普拉·溫弗瑞已經(jīng)宣布退出自己主持的節(jié)目，可是，這個(gè)在脫口秀節(jié)目中叱咤風(fēng)云、所向披靡的傳奇人物依然是人們心目中的一座豐碑。4解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第一句可知脫口秀女皇奧普拉并非美國脫口秀節(jié)目的先驅(qū)。答案：C5解析：推理判斷題。第五段中提到其他脫口秀節(jié)目的特點(diǎn)以低俗、爭論和互相攻擊為主。而本段開頭部分提到她的節(jié)目最優(yōu)秀、最受人歡迎。由此可推斷她的節(jié)目以獨(dú)特的風(fēng)格而出類拔萃。答案：B6解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。倒數(shù)第二段的前半部分提到她的魅力部分在于她的人生故事能與讀者產(chǎn)生共鳴，而不是在節(jié)目中分享別人的人生故事，所以A項(xiàng)不是人們喜歡她節(jié)目的原因。答案：A7解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“She focused on self­help.”可以推斷她認(rèn)為人們應(yīng)該依靠自己解決問題。答案：C二、短文填空1G2.C3.D4.F5.A