【外研版創(chuàng)新設(shè)計】2020高考英語一輪復(fù)習提能訓(xùn)練必修4Module 1Life in the Future能 力 闖 關(guān).單詞拼寫1Oil is Kuwaits most important natural r_.2When I got to the railway station，they were l_the truck with bananas.3The officer c_his men to fire.4Husband and wife should s_roles with each other occasionally.5We have several a_to choose from.6She is not_(樂觀)about the result. 7No one believed her_(預(yù)測)that the world would end on November 12th.8He finished his homework_(終于)9Its_(冒險的)to buy a car without any good advice.10Is the car_(供給動力)by electricity or by oil?答案：1.resource2.loadingmanded4.switch5.alternatives6.optimistic7.prediction 8eventually9.risky10.powered.單項填空1I was_the heavy luggage.Aloading down with Bloaded down with Cloading over to Dloaded over for解析：句意：“我背上了沉重的包袱?！笨疾閘oad sb.down with sth.使負擔，故答案是B。答案：B2If you leave this application form and go to another website，you will lose_you have already filled out on this form.Awhatever Bno matter what Cwhichever Dno matter which解析：本題考查疑問代詞在復(fù)合句中的選用。及物動詞后缺少賓語，whatever引導(dǎo)賓語從句，相當于anything that。B項只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。答案：A3Its_cold_go in to the sea yetAtoo；to Bso；to Cto；to Din order；to解析：句意：“天太冷了，還不能出海?！笨疾閠oo.to.“太以至于不能”，故答案是A。答案：A4Did you write to Peter last month?No，but I_him this June.Awill be seen Bwill be seeingCwill have been seeing Dwill have seen解析：句意：“上月你給Peter寫信了嗎？”“沒有。但是今年六月我就要見到他?！笨疾闀r態(tài)，根據(jù)語境，答案是B。答案：B5The police arrived and_command of the situation.Atook Bcharged Cmade Dkept解析：句意：“警察來了，并且指揮這里的事情?！笨疾閠ake/have command of.習語，“對掌握”。答案：A6.Youd better not phone the manager between 7 and 8 tomorrow evening；he_an important meeting then.Awould have Bwill be having Cwill have had Dwill have解析：此題考查時態(tài)。由“between 7 and 8 tomorrow evening”可以知道這里應(yīng)該用將來進行時。答案：B7The manager is away.Whos taking_of the company?Acharge Bplace Cpart Dposition解析：take charge of是“管理”的意思。選項B、C、D的介詞搭配分別是：take the place of(代替)；take part in(參加)；take position as.(擔任)。答案：A8I will come to attend your lecture at 1000 tomorrow.Im sorry，by then my lecture will have ended and I_my guests in my office.Ais being met Bwill meet Cwill be meeting Dwill have met解析：句意：“我明天十點將來參加報告會?！薄皩Σ黄?，到那時，我的報告就結(jié)束了，我將在辦公室會見客人?！笨疾闀r態(tài)，根據(jù)語境，答案是C。答案：C9The new medicine_the spread of the disease.Aarrested Bimproved Ckept Dsupported解析：句意：“這種新藥阻止了這種疾病的傳播?！笨疾閍rrest即“阻止”。keep.from.是阻止，B、D不合語境。答案：A.翻譯句子1那個服務(wù)員將一張標簽貼在他的行李上。(attach)_2我們得把貨物分裝三車(船)。(load)_3天氣預(yù)報不足為信。(rely on)_4確保你離開房間時關(guān)上燈。(make sure that)_5他們太年輕還不懂這些事情。(too.to)_答案：1.The waiter attached a label to his luggage.2We have to make three loads of the cargo.3You may not rely on the weather report.4Make sure that you turn off the lights when you leave the room.5They are too young to understand such things.閱讀理解Guinness World Records，known until 2000 as The Guinness Book of Records (and in previous US. editions as The Guinness Book of World Records)，is a reference book published annually, and contains an internationally recognized collection of world recordsboth human achievements and the extremes of the natural world. The book itself holds a world record, as the best­selling copyrighted series of all the time.However，several world records that were once included in the book have been removed for ethical(倫理的)reasons.By publishing world records in categories，the book encourages people to try to beat that record，and pay no attention to health and safety. For example，following publication of a “heaviest cat”record，many cat owners fed their pets beyond the bounds(范圍)of what was healthy；this is an example of one of the items that has been removed.In 1991，the book also dropped records within the “eating and drinking records”category of its Human Achievements section, concerning that potential competitors could harm themselves. These changes included the removal of all liquor，wine and beer­drinking records，along with records for eating such unlikely things as bicycles and trees.Other records，such as sword swallowing and rally driving(公路賽車) ，were closed to further items because the current record holders had performed beyond what were considered acceptable levels of human tolerance.There have been examples of closed records being reopened，however.For example.the sword­swallowing record was listed as closed in the 1990 Guinness Book of World Records，but the Guinness world Records Primetime TV show，which started in 1998，accepted three sword swallowing challenges(as did the 2020 edition of the Guinness World Records)Chain letters are also forbidden.According to the books publisher，“Guinness World Records does not accept any records related to chain letters，sent by post or e­mail. If you receive a letter or an e­mail，which may promise to publish the names of all those who send it，please destroy or delete it；it is a trick.”【語篇導(dǎo)讀】 吉尼斯世界紀錄收錄了世界上人類最高成就和自然界的極端事物和現(xiàn)象?？墒沁^去收錄的一些項目卻引發(fā)了人們不健康的競爭，從而導(dǎo)致了影響人類和動物健康以及有傷倫理道德的事件發(fā)生，因此這些紀錄已經(jīng)或?qū)⒈粡臅袆h除。1This passage is mainly about_.Ahow many kinds of records Guinness World Records hasBethical issues and safety concerns related to Guinness World RecordsCthe history of Guinness World RecordsDGuinness World Records in overview解析：主旨大意題。第二段一開始就提到了“吉尼斯世界紀錄的一些涉及倫理問題的項目被取消了”，并談到了涉及安全問題的一些項目也被取消了?？梢娺x項B是文章的主要內(nèi)容。答案：B2what is the main purpose of the first paragraph?ATo put forward the main idea of the passage.BTo tell readers that the name of the book has been changed.CTo indicate that Guinness World Records is a famous book.DTo encourage people to read Guinness World Records.解析：段落大意題。第一段簡要介紹了吉尼斯世界紀錄這本書的主要特點(每年出版一本；內(nèi)容包含人類的成就和自然界的極端事物)；但最后一句是總結(jié)性的語言：這本書本身就是一個世界紀錄，是一本暢銷書。它才是作者寫本段的目的。答案：C3Guinness World Records decided to remove some records because of the following reasons EXCEPT_.Athe records are too difficult to breakBthe records were considered to involve immoral actionsCsome aspects of trying to break them were dangerousDsome items were considered beyond acceptable levels of human tolerance.解析：細節(jié)理解題。由第二段第一句可知B項與文章內(nèi)容相符；由第二段第二句中pay no attention to health and safety可知C項與文章內(nèi)容相符；由第二段最后一句可知D項與文章內(nèi)容相符；而A項文中沒有提到。答案：A4From what the publisher said we know_.Achain letters may convey incorrect informationBemails of readers are ofen rejected by himCchain letters are sent by competitorsDreading Guiness World Records is helpful to you解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中出版商的話可知“連鎖信”(收信人需轉(zhuǎn)給他人)傳達的信息不正確，他們不會接受，并告誡收到這些郵件的人不要相信，因為那是騙局。答案：A5From this passage we can learn that_.Asword swallowing will forever be closed to further competition itemsBthe item about the fattest dog can be found in the present bookCthe editors of Guinness World Records dont want readers to write to themDthe record related to rally driving can still be found in the book解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第一句可知，公路賽車的紀錄在書中并沒有被去掉，只是不再接受這樣的新的紀錄了，故D項正確。A項與第二段中such as sword swallowing.were closed to.不符；B項與第二段中For example，following publishing.has been removed.不符；從文中不能推斷出C項。答案：D閱卷現(xiàn)場(教師用書獨具)問題三：詞義猜測和細節(jié)理解類常見問題高考閱讀理解中比重最大也是比較基礎(chǔ)的題型就是詞義猜測和細節(jié)理解題，這類題是考生爭取的重點，它要求考生快速而準確地獲取信息，從而拿到最基本的分數(shù)?？忌畛Ｒ姷膯栴}就是見到生單詞就頭腦發(fā)蒙，無法從已知信息中找到有用的線索，從而造成失分。因為本節(jié)內(nèi)容較重要，所以我用較多篇幅來講解一下。例題剖析【例1】 (2020·廣東卷B篇)We studied the board critically. Some of us looked with one eye and held up certain colors against the blackboard，rocking the sheets to the right or left while we conjured_up our designs. Others twisted their hair around their fingers or chewed their erasers while deep in thought. We had plans for that tendollar grand prize，each and every one of us. Im going to spend mine on candies，one hopeful would announce，while another practiced looking serious，wise and rich.(A)The underlined phrase in Paragraph 3 most probably means _.Aformed an idea for Bmade an outline forCmade some space for Dchose some colors for【答案解析】 選擇A。詞義猜測題。上下句是Some.Others.句子，while we conjured up our designs的對應(yīng)部分是while deep in thought，可見conjured up的意思是“思考，想象”，所以A項正確?！纠?】 (2020·全國卷A篇)I know what youre thinking: pizza(比薩餅)? For breakfast? But the truth is that you can have last nights leftovers in the am. if you want to.(A)The word “l(fā)eftovers” in Paragraph 1 probably means _Afood remaining after a meal Bthings left undoneCmeals made of vegetables Dpizza topped with fruit【答案解析】 選擇A。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線單詞之前的last nights可以猜測劃線單詞的意思應(yīng)為“(前一天晚上的)剩飯”?！纠?】 (2020·陜西卷A篇)There was no shade and our legs were aching. We decided to go back, with the girl on my back and the boys far behind. By the time we finally got back, our_legs_were_like_jelly.(A)The underlined expression “Our legs were like jelly” probably means _Awe were weak Bwe were unhappyCwe were dissatisfied Dwe were disappointed【答案解析】 詞義猜測題。根據(jù)There was no shade and our legs were aching可知“我們很累很虛弱”，故A項正確。【例4】 (2020·重慶卷A篇)I arrived at my mothers home for our Monday family dinner. The smells of food flew over from the kitchen. Mother was pulling out quilt(被子) after quilt from the boxes, proudly showing me their beauties. She was perparing for a quilt show at the Elmhurst Church. When we began to fold and put them back into the boxes, I noticed something at the bottom of on box. I pulled it out. “What is this？” I asked.“Oh？”Mom said, “Thats Mamas quilt.”I spread the quilt. It looked at if a group of school children had pieced it together: irrugular designs, childish pictures, a crooked line on the right.(C)1.Why did the author go to mothers home?ATo see her mothers quiltsBTo help prepare for a showCTo get together for the family dinnerDTo discuss her grandmothers life(C)2.The underlined word “crooked” in the passage most probably means _.Aunfinished Bbroken Cbent Dunusual【答案解析】1細節(jié)理解題。由文章的第一句可知作者回母親家是為了參加家庭聚餐，故C項正確。2詞義猜測題。前面的情況都與一條好的quilt的特點相反，所以crooked的意思應(yīng)該和其相反，故C項正確?！纠?】 (2020·安徽卷C篇)How do people climb the wall? To climb, you need special shoes and harness (保護帶) around your chest to hold you. There are ropes tied to your harness. The ropes hold you in place so that you dont fall. A beginners wall is usually about 15 feet high, and you climb straight up. There are small pieces of metal that stick out for you to stand on and hold on to. Sometimes its easy to see the new piece of metal. Sometimes, its not. The most difficult is to control your fear. Its normal for humans to be afraid of falling, so its difficult not to feel fear. But when you move away from the wall, the harness and the ropes hold you, and you begin to feel safe. You move slowly until you reach the top.Climbing attracts people because its good exercise for almost everyone. You use your whole body, especially your arms and legs. This sport gives your body a complete workout. When you climb, both your mind and your body can become stronger.(B)1.The most difficult thing to do in wall climbing is _.Ato tie ropes to yourBto control your fearCto move away from the wallDto climb straight up(B)2.The word “workout” underlined in the last paragraph most probably means _.Asettlement Bexercise Cexcitement Dtiredness【答案解析】1細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)its difficult not to feel fear可知，人們在攀墻時很難控制自己的恐懼，故B項正確。2詞義猜測題。第二段第一句中exercise點明本詞意義，這種運動給你身體完全的鍛煉，所以B項正確。解決方案與指南閱讀理解中詞義猜測題和細節(jié)理解題出題知識分類總結(jié)如下：1詞義猜測題(1)常用提問方式1)According to the passage, probably means _2)The author uses the word to mean _3)What does the underlined word refer to?4)The word (phrase, clause，.). refers to (most probable means)._5)What does the word.in Para.stand for?6)What does the writer mean when he says，“.”？7)Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word.as it is used in the text?8)Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word.?(2)解題方法猜詞是應(yīng)用英語的重要能力，也是高考中常用的題型。它不但需要準確無誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，掌握或認識較多的課外詞匯。我們要學會“順藤摸瓜”，通過構(gòu)詞、語法、定義、同位、對比、因果、常識、上下文等線索確定詞義。(1)利用定義如：Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.句子給予annealing以明確的定義，即“退火”。It will be very hard but also very brittlethat is, it will break easily.從后面的解釋中我們可以了解到brittle是“脆”的意思。The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.定語從句中l(wèi)ooks after sheep就表明了herdsman的詞義為“牧人”。(2)結(jié)合同位如：They traveled a long way, at last got to a castle, a large building in old times.同位語部分a large building in old times給出了castle的確切詞義，即“城堡”。We are on the night shiftfrom midnight to 8 am.this week.兩個破折號之間的短語很清楚地表明night shift是“夜班”的意思。(3)前后對比She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.but一詞表轉(zhuǎn)折，因此but前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是她今天“第一節(jié)上了一半才來”，因此反向推理，可得出她平時一向“準時”的結(jié)論。(4)巧借構(gòu)詞(前綴、后綴、復(fù)合、派生等)Perhaps, we can, see some possibilities for next fifty years. But the next hundred?possibility是possible的同根名詞，據(jù)此可以判斷possibility意思是“可能性”。5)聯(lián)系因果The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again.從后面的結(jié)果“永遠不能再運動”中，可以推測permanent的意思為“永遠的，永久的”。2.細節(jié)理解題文章絕不是互不相干的句子雜亂無章地堆砌。作者為文，有脈可循。如記敘文多以人物為中心，以時間或空間為線索，按事件的發(fā)生、發(fā)展、結(jié)局展開故事；論述體則包含論點、論據(jù)、結(jié)論三大要素，通過解釋、舉例來闡述觀點。你可根據(jù)文章的特點，詳讀細節(jié)，以動詞、時間、地點、事件、因果等為線索，找出關(guān)鍵詞語，從而得出答案。(1)常用提問方式In the passage, which of the following is mentioned/not mentioned?It is commonly accepted that.All the statements are true EXCEPT _.Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.The reason for., is that.How would you describe the end of.?Choose the right order of the events given in the following.Which of the following maps shows the right position of.?Which statement is true?What does the writer pay least attention to?(2)解題方法平時訓(xùn)練應(yīng)學會帶著問題尋找答案的方法。將注意力集中在與who, what, when, where問題有關(guān)的細節(jié)或數(shù)字方面。略讀材料，大概了解文章，注意作者表例證的詞或短語，如for example, for instance, that is to say, in fact, etc.按文章題材，預(yù)測到何處找自己需要的事實。把主要精力放在尋找你所需要的細節(jié)，找到后，放慢速度、細讀要查找的內(nèi)容，特別注意表因果或轉(zhuǎn)折的詞或短語，如because, for, since, as, therefore, and, as a result; but，however, while, though, yet, on the other hand, etc.直擊高考與警示高考閱讀理解文章的材料一般都出自英美國家閱讀材料原文或作適當修改，體現(xiàn)原汁原味。而文章更加注重語言材料的真實性。