【外研版創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)】2020高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)提能訓(xùn)練必修3Module 1Europe能 力 闖 關(guān).單詞拼寫1Paris is s_ on the River Seine.2Eiffel Tower is the famous s_ of Paris.3As we all know，there are seven c_ and four oceans in the world.4There is a magnificent r_ of mountains in the borderland.5The a_ was signed during a meeting at the UN.6How many _(代表)have been sent to the UN conference?7The little mountain village is the _(出生地)of my father.8There are many _(古代的)buildings in Rome.9The people sitting _(在對(duì)面)us looked very familiar.10The country was _(統(tǒng)治)by the Roman Empire(帝國)答案：1.situated2.symbol3.continents4.range5.agreement6.representatives7.birthplace8.ancient9.opposite10.governed.單項(xiàng)填空1There is a fine little café _ this house.Cross the street and youll be there. Aon the contrary of Bopposite to Cin front of Dopposite from解析：由后半句就知道這家咖啡館與這房子是相對(duì)著的，而固定搭配opposite to表示“在的對(duì)過(對(duì)面)；與相對(duì)”。答案：B2Liu Hulan will be remembered _ her bravery and courage _ a heroine for ever.Aas；for Bas；as Cfor；as Dfor；for解析：句意：“劉胡蘭作為一位女英雄，因?yàn)樗挠赂液陀職鈱⒂肋h(yuǎn)活在人們心中?！笨疾閎e remembered for.as.故答案是C。答案：C3After you have used the dictionary，please put it back _ it belongs.Awhere Bto which Cwhat Dthat解析：put back之后為狀語從句，故不能選擇to which。由于是表地點(diǎn)，應(yīng)選擇where。答案：A4_ with so much trouble，we failed to complete the task on time.AFaced BFace CFacing DTo face解析：句意：“我們面臨這么多問題，沒能按時(shí)完成任務(wù)?！币驒M線后有with，只能選A。be faced with trouble和face trouble意義相同，前者表狀態(tài)，后邊表動(dòng)作。此處過去分詞短語作原因狀語，故答案是A。答案：A5Mans life is often _ a candle.Acompared with Bcompared to Ccompare to Dcompare with解析：句意：人的生命常被比作蠟燭。由句意可知本句應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故排除C和D兩項(xiàng)。compare.with.“把與比較”；compare.to.“把比作”。答案：B6_ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.ASo curious the couple was BSo curious were the coupleCHow curious the couple were DThe couple was such curious解析：以“so+形容詞或副詞”開頭的句子要倒裝。答案：B7Many of the scientists and engineers are judged _ how great their achievements are.Ain spite of Bin ways of Cin favour of Din terms of解析：句意：人們一般都以成就大小來評(píng)判科學(xué)家和工程師。in spite of“盡管；不管”；in ways of無此短語；in favour of“贊成，支持”；in terms of“從角度來講，就來說，在方面”。答案：D8The girl swam _ the English Channel in twelve hours accompanied by her father.Aover Bacross Cthrough Dunder解析：swim across意為橫放。答案：B.翻譯句子1她得正視她的生活已永遠(yuǎn)改變了這一事實(shí)。(face)_2就面積和人口而論，它都是小國。(in terms of)_3瑪麗一點(diǎn)都不靦腆，事實(shí)上正好相反。(opposite)_4在旅館火災(zāi)中，游客財(cái)物盡失。(belongings)_答案：1.She had to face the fact that her life had changed forever.2It is a small country in terms of size and population.3Mary isnt shy at alljust the opposite in fact.4The tourists lost all their belongings in the hotel fire.閱讀理解Cristiano Ronaldo of Portugal holds the FIFA World Player 2020 awardduring the FIFA World Player of the Year soccer awards ceremony in ZurichJan.12,2020.Soccer player Marta from Brazil poses with the trophy(獎(jiǎng)杯)after beingnamed FIFA World Player of the Year during the FIFA World Player Gala2020 at the Opera house in Zurich，Switzerland，Monday，Jan.12,2020.Ronaldo，who is also holder of the prestigious Ballon dOr for the European Footballer of the Year，beat off competition from 2020 winner Kaka(Brazil)，Lionel Messi(Argentina)，F(xiàn)ernando Torres(Spain)and Xavi(Spain)“Winning the Champions League for me was the most memorable moment of 2020，” said Ronaldo，who scored in the final but missed a penalty(點(diǎn)球)in the penalty shootout against Chelsea.Ronaldo，scorer of 42 goals in all competitions in the 20202020 season，was one of Uniteds architects behind the clubs English Premiership and Champions League double.Ronaldo becomes the second Portuguese player to win the FIFA accolade after Luis Figo in 2001，and the first one playing for a British club.He reaped(收獲)935 points in the vote in which the coaches and captains of 155 national teams took part.Messi finished second(678 points)and was trailed by Torres(203)，Kaka(183)and Xavi(155)Brazilian midfielder Marta was unveiled as FIFA World Womens Footballer of the Year for 2020，for the third year running.Marta delivered an outstanding performance at the womens Olympic football tournament in Beijing 2020，and equaled the record set by Birgit Prinz by claiming her third consecutive title.For the womens vote,139 coaches and captains cast their vote and Marta won comfortably(1,002 points)ahead of Germanys Prinz(328)，Brazils Cristiane(275)，Germanys Nadine Angerer(198)and Englands Kelly Smith(150)【解題導(dǎo)語】 本文介紹了羅納爾多和瑪塔分獲“歐洲足球先生”和“歐洲足球小姐”美譽(yù)的情況。1Who held the FIFA World Player 2020 award?AFernando Torres. BLionel Messi. CKaka. DXavi.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段可知。答案：C2From the passage，we know Ronaldo _.Abeat off competition from last years winner KakaBscored in the final but did something wrongCwas the second Portuguese player playing for a British clubDreaped 678 points in the vote in which included 155 coaches and captains解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段可知。答案：B3What is the main idea of Paragraph 6?ARonaldos achievements and glories. BRonaldo won the FIFA as a Portuguese.CRonaldo did really well in the season. DEnglish Premiership and Champions.解析：主旨大意題。第六段主要描寫了羅納爾多取得的成績和獲得的成就。答案：A4From the passage，we can know that _.ARonaldo becomes the first Portuguese player to win the FIFABMarta was named the FIFA World Player in 2020CFor the mens vote 139 coaches and captains took part inDMarta was first awarded as FIFA World Womens Footballer in 2020解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段可知。答案：B5This passage mainly tells us about _.Athe introduction to FIFA World Football PlayerBthe praise of football players Marta and RonaldoCFIFA World Player soccer awards ceremonyDMarta and Ronaldo who were awarded FIFA World Players解析：主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了歐洲足球先生和小姐的獲得者Ronaldo和Marta。答案：D閱卷現(xiàn)場(教師用書獨(dú)具)第五節(jié)閱讀理解題常見問題與解決方法高考閱讀理解要求考生在3035分鐘的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成3到5篇不同題材、體裁的短文的理解，是整個(gè)高考試題中難度最大、區(qū)分度最高的題型。它不僅考查考生對(duì)語篇的整體把握能力，而且考查考生快速捕捉信息、準(zhǔn)確理解特定細(xì)節(jié)以及復(fù)雜句子的能力?？忌粌H要正確理解文章的表層意思，還要能通過表層意思去合理推斷、挖掘文章的隱含意義和延伸意義。它是對(duì)考生知識(shí)和心理素質(zhì)的綜合檢驗(yàn)?？梢哉f，閱讀理解得分率的高低在很大程度上決定著英語考試的成敗。閱讀理解的常見題型為：主旨大意題；分析推理題；細(xì)節(jié)理解題；猜測詞義題。其中以細(xì)節(jié)判斷試題為主，并加大深層次理解試題和篇章結(jié)構(gòu)試題的考查力度。一、近幾年閱讀理解的題型特點(diǎn)(一)詞匯量不斷攀升近幾年高考閱讀理解部分的閱讀量一直保持增長的趨勢(shì)，閱讀量的增加意味著對(duì)閱讀速度的要求在提高，因此我們要提醒和培養(yǎng)考生提高閱讀速度。(二)更加注重綜合理解能力的考查閱讀理解能力測試的主要設(shè)題方式有：理解所讀材料的主旨和大意；理解文中用以說明主旨和大意的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)；根據(jù)上下文推斷詞、短語或句子的含義；根據(jù)文章的敘述，作出簡單的推理判斷；理解文章的基本篇章結(jié)構(gòu)；理解作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。閱讀理解題型主要分為三類題型：問題一是主旨類；問題二是推理判斷類；問題三是詞義猜測和細(xì)節(jié)理解類。下面我就這三類題型一一講解一下高考閱卷中發(fā)現(xiàn)的常見問題和解決方法。問題一：主旨類常見問題問題二：推理判斷類常見問題問題三：詞義猜測和細(xì)節(jié)理解類常見問題問題一：主旨類常見問題問題描述與分析高考題對(duì)此類題型的考查綜合性強(qiáng)，難度大，文章的題材豐富，需要學(xué)生綜合多方信息，但是很多考生無法找到主題句，常被枝節(jié)表達(dá)所迷惑，所以對(duì)文章的主旨分析就會(huì)出現(xiàn)偏差導(dǎo)致失分。典例精析：【例1】 (2020×北京卷E篇)Camping wild is a wonderful way to experience the natural world and, at its best, it makes little environmental influence. But with increasing numbers of people wanting to escape into the wilderness, it is becoming more and more important to camp unobtrusively(不引人注目地) and leave no mark.Wild camping is not permitted in many places, particularly in crowded lowland Britain. Wherever you are, find out about organizations responsible for managing wild spaces, and contact them to find out their policy on camping and shelter building. For example, it is fine to camp wild in remote parts of Scotland, but in England you must ask the landowners permission, except in national parks.Camping is about having relaxation, sleeping­outdoors, experiencing bad weather, and making do without modern conveniences. A busy, fully­equipped campsite(野營地) seems to go against this, so seek out smaller, more remote places with easy access to open spaces and perhaps beaches.Better still, find a campsite with no road access: walking in makes a real adventure.Finding the right spot to camp is the first step to guaranteeing a good nights sleep. Choose a campsite with privacy and minimum influence on others and the environment. Try to use an area where people have obviously camped before rather than creating a new spot. When camping in woodland, avoid standing dead trees, which may fall on a windy night. Avoid animal runs and caves, and possible homes of biting insects. Make sure you have most protection on the windward side. If you make a fire, do so downwind of your shelter. Always consider what influence you might have on the natural world. Avoid damaging plants. A good campsite is found, not madechanging it should be unnecessary.(D) The passage is mainly about _.Athe protection of campsitesBthe importance of wild campingCthe human influence on campsitesDthe dos and donts of wild camping【答案解析】 選擇D。主旨大意題。文章首先指出隨著越來越多的人熱衷于野營，和諧野營變得愈來愈重要了，下文敘述的則是在野營過程中的注意事項(xiàng)，包括倡導(dǎo)做的事情和反對(duì)做的事情，所以D項(xiàng)最好地概括了文章大意。【例2】 (2020×上海卷D篇)The latest research suggests that the key factor separating geniuses from the merely accomplished is not I. Q, a generally bad predictor of success. Instead, its purposeful practice. Top performers spend more hours practicing their craft. If you wanted to picture how a typical genius might develop, youd take a girl who possessed a slightly above average language ability. It wouldnt have to be a big talent, just enough so that she might gain some sense of distinction. Then you would want her to meet, say, a novelist，who coincidentally shared some similar qualities. Maybe the writer was from the same town, had the same family background, or, shared the same birthday.This contact would give the girl a vision of her future self. It would give her some idea of a fascinating circle she might someday join. It would also help if one of her parents died when she was 12, giving her a strong sense of insecurity and fuelling a desperate need for success. Armed with this ambition, she would read novels and life stories of writers without end. This would give her a primary knowledge of her field. Shed be able to see new writing in deeper ways and quickly understand its inner workings.Then she would practice writing. Her practice would be slow, painstaking and error­focused. By practicing in this way, she delays the automatizing process. Her mind wants to turn conscious, newly learned skills into unconscious, automatically performed skills. By practicing slowly, by breaking skills down into tiny parts and repeating, she forces the brain to internalize a better pattern of performance. Then she would find an adviser who would provide a constant stream of feedback, viewing her performance from the outside, correcting the smallest errors, pushing her to take on tougher challenges. By now she is redoing problemshow do I get characters into a roomdozens and dozens of times. She is establishing habits of thought she can call upon in order to understand or solve future problems.The primary quality our young writer possesses is not some mysterious genius. Its the ability to develop a purposeful, laborious and boring practice routine. The latest research takes some of the magic out of great achievement. But it underlines a fact that is often neglected. Public discussion is affected by genetics and what were “hard­wired” to do. And its true that genes play a role in our capabilities. But the brain is also very plastic. We construct ourselves through behavior. (C) The passage mainly deals with _Athe function of I. Q. in cultivating a writerBthe relationship between genius and successCthe decisive factor in making a geniusDthe way of gaining some sense of distinction【答案解析】 選擇C。主旨大意題。文章第一句話The latest research suggests that the key factor separating geniuses from the merely accomplished is not IQ., a generally bad predictor of success.就提出了全文的中心：區(qū)別天才和只是知識(shí)淵博的人的因素不是IQ，而是有目的的實(shí)踐。全文圍繞著這一中心來展開，即文章在探討造就天才的決定性因素。【例3】 (2020×全國卷C篇) It is often necessary to release a fish, that is, set it free after catching, because it is too small, or you just dont want to take it home to eat. In some cases, releasing fish is a good measure that will help keep fish variety and build their population size. The Department of Game and Inland Fisheries (DGIF) encourages fishermen who practice catch­ and­release fishing to use a few simple skills when doing so. The advice provided below will help make sure that the fish you release will survive (存活) to bite again another day.When catching a fish, play it quickly and keep the fish in the water as much as possible.Dont use a net in landing the fish and release it quickly to prevent it from dying.Hold the fish gently. Do not put your fingers in its eyes. Dont wipe the scales (魚鱗) off the fish because it might cause it to develop a disease and reduce its chance of survival.Remove your hook (魚鉤) quickly. If the hook is too deep or hooked in the stomach, cut the line and leave the hook in. The hook left inside will cause no serious problem to the fish.Take good care of the fish by moving it gently in water. Release the fish when it begins to struggle and is able to swim.Do not hold fish in a bucket or some other containers and later decide to release it. If you are going to release a fish, do so right away.With a little care and by following the suggestions given above, you can give the released fish a better chance of survival.(D)What is the purpose of the test?ATo show how to enjoy fishing.BTo persuade people to fish less often.CTo encourage people to set fish free.DTo give advice on how to release fish.【答案解析】 選擇D。文章大意：如果抓到或釣到魚而想放生時(shí)怎么放掉呢？本文針對(duì)這一問題給出了一些建議。作者意圖判斷題。根據(jù)文章的敘述可知，本文是對(duì)如何釋放魚提出建議，所以D項(xiàng)是正確答案?！纠?】 (2020×全國卷B篇)The Queens English is now sounding less upper­class, a scientific study of the Queens Christmas broadcasts had found. Researchers have studied each of her messages to the Commonwealth countries since 1952 to find out the change in her pronunciation from the noble Upper Received to the Standard Received.Jonathan Harrington, a professor at Germanys University of Munich, wanted to discover whether accent (口音) changes recorded over the past half century would take place within one person. “As far as I know, there just is nobody else for whom there is this sort of broadcast records，” he said.He said the noble way of pronouncing vowels (元音) had gradually lost ground as the noble upper­class accent over the past years. “Her accent sounds slightly less noble than it did 50 years ago. But these are very, very small and slow changes that we dont notice from year to year.”“We may be able to relate it to changes in the social classes，” he told The Daily Telegraph, a British newspaper. “In 1952 she would have been heard saying thet men in the bleck hetNow it would be thet man in the black hatSimilarly，she would have spoken of the citay and dutay rather than citee and hame rather than home. In the 1950s she would have been lorst， but by the 1970s lost”The Queens broadcast is a personal message to the Commonwealth countries. Each Christmas, the 10­minute broadcast is put on TV at 3 pm in Britain as many families are recovering from their traditional turkey lunch. (傳統(tǒng)火雞午餐)The results were published (發(fā)表) in the Journal of Phonetics.(C)What is the text mainly about?AThe relationship between accents and social classes.BThe Queens Christmas speeches on TV.CThe changes in a persons accent.DThe recent development of the English language.【答案解析】 選擇C。主旨大意題。本文著重介紹50多年來，通過對(duì)英國女王講話錄音的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)英語語音變化的情況。所以本題的正確答案是C?！纠?】 (2020×四川卷C篇)Are you sometimes a little tired and sleepy in the early afternoon? Many people feel this way after lunch. They may think that eating lunch is the cause of the sleepiness. Or, in summer, they may think it is the heat. However, the real reason lies inside their bodies. At that time ­ about eight hours after you wake up ­ your body temperature goes down. This is what makes you slow down and feel sleepy. Scientists have tested sleep habits in experiments where there was no night or day. The people in these experiments almost always followed a similar sleeping pattern. They slept for one long period and then for one short period about eight hours later.In many parts of the world, people take naps(小睡) in the middle of the day. This is especially true in warmer climates(氣候), where the heat makes work difficult in the early afternoon. Researchers are now saying that naps are good for everyone in any climate. A daily nap gives one a more rested body and mind and therefore is good for health in general. In countries where naps are traditional (傳統(tǒng)的), people often suffer less from problem such as heart disease.Many working people, unfortunately, have no time to take naps. Though doctors may advise taking naps, employers do not allow it! If you do have the chance, however, here are a few tips about making the most of your nap. Remember that the best time to take a nap is about eight hours after you get up. A short sleep too late in the day may only make you feel more tired and sleepy afterward. This can slao happen if you sleep for too long. If you do not have enough time, try a short nap ­ even ten minutes of sleep can be helpful.(B)What would be the best title for the text?AJust for a RestBAll for a NapCA Special Sleep Pattern.DTaking Naps in Warmer Climate.【答案解析】 選擇B。主旨大意題。本文講述了小睡的重要性，再結(jié)合第二段中的Researchers are now saying that naps are good for everyone in any climate可推斷出B項(xiàng)是正確的。解決方案與指南此類題目常用提問方式：(1)The main idea of this passage is _.(2)The passage is mainly about _.(3)The point of this story is _.(4)The topic/subject discussed in the text is _.(5)From the passage we can learn/conclude that _.(6)Which title fits the text best?(7)The best topic for the above passage will be _.(8)The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with _.(9)Which of the following best states the theme of the passage?(10)What does the writer mainly tell us?(11)Which of the following can summarize the main idea of this text?(12)Which of the following best expresses the main idea?(13)Which is the subject discussed in the text?(14)The best title for this newspaper article is _.解決方法：1抓住主題句，鎖定文章主旨仔細(xì)閱讀這類文章或段落的首尾句是關(guān)鍵。做主旨大意類試題多采用瀏覽法。瀏覽時(shí)，一般不需逐句瀏覽，只需選讀文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和尾句。重點(diǎn)搜索主題線索和主題信息。2抓住段落大意，概括中心思想尋找整篇文章的中心思想是建立在尋找具體段落中心的基礎(chǔ)上的。各段落中心的整體歸納便是文章的中心思想。在這個(gè)過程中，考生們不能只依據(jù)只言片語，或光看文章的某一些段落，而應(yīng)該觀察全文的結(jié)構(gòu)安排，理解文章的重點(diǎn)，考慮文章中材料及支撐性細(xì)節(jié)是服務(wù)于什么的，分析故事的發(fā)展結(jié)局都是圍繞什么中心來安排的。最后用簡明扼要的文字將文章的中心思想表達(dá)出來。既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括時(shí)過于寬泛，要恰如其分。3抓住主線和關(guān)鍵，歸納文章中心要注意不是所有的段落都有主題句，有時(shí)主題句暗含在句中。閱讀這樣的文章，就需要自己根據(jù)文章的細(xì)節(jié)來分析，概括出段落的主題，從而推導(dǎo)出文章的主旨。分析的方法是：先弄清該段落主要講了哪幾方面的內(nèi)容，這些內(nèi)容在邏輯上有什么聯(lián)系，然后加以歸納形成主題。直擊高考與警示此題型要求考生在理解全文后歸納短文大意，概括中心思想，或選擇短文的標(biāo)題，這些都暗含在文章中。要充分注意文章的首尾句、段。不少文章一開頭便展示出文章的梗概，尤其是新聞?lì)惖模谝欢纬Ｊ枪适碌墓８?，這一段往往表達(dá)文章的中心思想。在文章的段落中則經(jīng)常由開頭的一句作主題句，來概括該段的中心思想。但不少文章或段落中，中心思想貫穿在整個(gè)文章中。必須具備一定的歸納和概括能力，才能選對(duì)答案。因此，此類題有些屬于淺層次理解上的檔次。