【外研版創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)】2020高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)提能訓(xùn)練Module 4Sandstorms in Asia能 力 闖 關(guān).單詞拼寫1P_ is more important than result.2Theres a lot of _(灰塵)on your face.3Something should be done to prevent the river from being p_.4Young as he is，his _(力量，力氣)is great.5Many Beijing c_ cycle to work.6Weather experts have _(預(yù)報(bào))another big sandstorm in a weeks time.7The company launched a huge advertising c_.8We should try our best to _(回收利用)the waste materials.9Qingdao is a _(沿海的)city. 10C_ rain did damage to the environment.答案：1.Process2.dust3.polluted4.strength5.citizens6.forecast7.campaign8.recycle9coastal10.Chemica.單項(xiàng)填空1I was just talking to Margaret when Jackson _. Acut in Bcut down Ccut out Dcut up解析：句意：我正在跟Margaret交談，這時(shí)杰克遜插嘴了。本題考查cut的短語意義。cut in插嘴，打斷別人說話；cut down砍倒，減少；cut out剪下，刪節(jié)；cut up切碎。答案：A2Bobs _ the branches from the tree.Go and _ for firewood.Bill!Do you think Im really _ for this kind of work?Acut away；cut them up；cut through Bcut off；cut them down；cut throughCcut away；cut them up；cut out Dcut off；cut them down；cut out解析：句意：“Bob已把樹枝從樹上砍掉，Bill，你去把它砍碎做柴禾?！薄澳阏J(rèn)為我真的生來適合干這種活嗎？”cut away“砍掉”之意，cut off“切斷，隔絕”；cut.up“砍碎”；cut out“剪除，割掉”；cut through“取捷徑”。答案：A3Whats the matter with you?After the long walk，my legs _ and I couldnt go any further.Agave out Bgave off Cgave in Dgave up解析：句意：“你怎么不舒服？”“走這么長的路，我的腿沒勁了不能再走了”。答案：A4The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _.Ato be heard Bto have heard Chearing Dbeing heard解析：句意：孩子們吃飯的時(shí)候說話的聲音非常大，我不得不極力(提高嗓門)讓其他人聽清我的話。我說話是被別人聽見，故排除主動(dòng)選項(xiàng)B、C。不定式表示目的，故A正確。答案：A5There is nothing more I can try _ you to stay，so I wish you good luck.Abeing persuaded Bpersuading Cto be persuaded Dto persuade解析：句意：既然我沒有辦法說服你留下來，我只好祝你好運(yùn)。I can try _ you to stay為定語從句，先行詞為nothing more將其代入后為：I can try nothing more to persuade you to stay.我沒有辦法說服你留下來。由此可看出to persuade在本句中作目的狀語。答案：D6She showed great concern _ her son.Ain Bto Cfor Dat解析：concern for關(guān)心，掛念。答案：C7The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang，who was reported _ the world record in the 110­meter hurdle race.Abreaking Bhaving broken Cto have broken Dto break解析：句意：人們看到劉翔就歡呼起來，曾報(bào)道他打破了110米跨欄世界紀(jì)錄。根據(jù)句意：report后接不定式,A、B排除，打破紀(jì)錄是發(fā)生過的事情，所以用不定式的完成式來表達(dá)。答案：C8When asked why he went there，he said he was sent there _ for a space flight.Atraining Bbeing trained Cto have trained Dto be trained解析：句意：當(dāng)問及他為何去那里時(shí)，他說他被派往那里作太空飛行訓(xùn)練。根據(jù)句意可知he與train之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以排除A、C兩項(xiàng)；而設(shè)空處在句中應(yīng)作目的狀語，所以要用不定式，故排除B項(xiàng)。答案：D.翻譯句子1裁縫正根據(jù)我自己的尺寸把衣服改小。(cut down)_2我再也沒力氣抱著你往前走了。(carry)_3我們儲(chǔ)存的食物快要吃光了。(give out)_4我非常掛念她。(concern about)_5調(diào)查人員主張應(yīng)當(dāng)改善工地安全措施。(urge)_答案：1.The tailor is cutting down my dress to my own measure.2I dont have the strength to carry you out any further.3Our food supplies are giving out/running out.4I am very concerned about her.5Investigators urged that safety procedures at the site should be improved.完形填空We were flying from Los Angeles to Washington，D.C.，when I 1a lavatory call light in the coach cabin.There I found a young mother strugglingwith her kids.Everything was a 2，and the mother，who was nearcraziness，told me she had no more diapers(尿布)or other 3 on board theaircraft.Through her tears，she informed me that they had 4 their flight the previous night in 5 and because she had very little money，she and her son had spent the night on the airport floor.Since she hadnt 6 to miss the flight，she was forced to use up most of her supplies and7 money she had to feed them.As she stood in front of me，crying，holding her beautiful son，I could see the 8 and hopelessness on her face.And，as a mother of three beautiful daughters，I could feel her _9_.I immediately asked for _10_ from the other flight _11_.They brought cloth towels from first class to assist in _12_ up both mom and the infant.Then I asked several families if they could _13_ extra diapers，formula(配方奶)and clothes for the child.After the young mother and her son had changed their _14_ and the baby had gone to sleep，I sat with her，holding her hand，trying to _15_ some support and _16_ for the remainder of the flight.Once we _17_，the mother thanked me for all I had done；she said softly, “Youre not the flight attendant；youre a sky angel.” _18_ my flight attendant _19_，she continued, “And those are your angel wings.”_20_ those words she turned and walked down the jet way，her child in her arms，and boarded the plane for New Hampshire.【解題導(dǎo)語】 遭遇困境的母親和孩子在乘務(wù)組人員的幫助下渡過難關(guān)，他們對(duì)作者的幫助十分感激。作者也在經(jīng)歷了這次事件之后對(duì)人生有了新的認(rèn)識(shí)。1A.replied Banswered Cdealt with Dsolved解析：衛(wèi)生間有呼叫燈閃爍，作者過去看了看。answer指“答復(fù)，進(jìn)行解決，給予幫助”。其他各項(xiàng)均無此意。答案：B2A.mass Bmess Cmixture Dembarrassment解析：由下文的描述可知整個(gè)是一團(tuán)糟。mess“亂七八糟”。答案：B3A.cloth Bclothes Cdiapers Dclothing解析：從乘務(wù)組提供的物品來看，應(yīng)該超出了衣服的范疇，因此用clothing合理。答案：D4A.missed Bcaught Cdelayed Dlost解析：由文意推斷是“錯(cuò)過了”前一晚的航班，用miss。答案：A5A.Washington BNew Hampshire CLos Angeles DNew York解析：因?yàn)榇舜魏桨嗍菑穆迳即夛w往華盛頓的，故此處選Los Angeles。答案：C6A.supposed Bexpected Cplanned Dscheduled解析：延誤航班是她沒有料到的，用expect。答案：B7A.however Bwhole Cwhatever Dtotal解析：由文意知她被迫花光了所有錢，whatever money“所有的錢”。答案：C8A.despair Bhopefulness Ccraziness Dsorrow解析：從上文的struggle等動(dòng)作和她與孩子的遭遇來看，她是絕望的，選despair；亦可由其后的并列名詞推出。答案：A9A.ache Bmisfortune Cwound Dpain解析：此處主要指精神上的痛苦，用pain。答案：D10A.food Bmoney Cassistance Ddiapers解析：由下文的描述知是尋求幫助，用assistance。答案：C11A.passengers Bfamilies Cattendants Dpilots解析：從他們提供的cloth towels from first class以及后來作者又向帶孩子的乘客們尋求幫助，可知這里是向乘務(wù)員尋求幫助的。答案：C12A.picking Bwrapping Cclearing Dcleaning解析：由前文所敘可知求助的母親和孩子狼狽不堪，故此處是他們擦洗干凈。答案：D13A.spare Bshare Cprovide Ddonate解析：其他乘客應(yīng)是勻出一些額外的尿布等，用spare。答案：A14A.clothing Bclothes Ccloth Ddiapers解析：由上文可知作者給孩子找來了替換衣服，故此處指他們換衣服。答案：B15A.devote Bprovide Ccontribute Dleave解析：由作者的一系列動(dòng)作可知她是給這位母親支持。provide“提供”。答案：B16A.supplies Baccompany Ccomfort Dcourage解析：與support并列使用，comfort最佳。答案：C17A.landed Btook off Cseparated Dgot off解析：由下文“這位母親走下飛機(jī)”可知此處指飛機(jī)著陸，用land。答案：A18A.Touched BTouching CTo touch DHaving touched解析：touching為分詞做伴隨狀語，與she為主謂關(guān)系。答案：B19A.decorations Bwings Crewards Dprizes解析：wings在此意為“飛行勛章”。答案：B20A.After BSaying CWith DSpeaking解析：with短語在此處做伴隨狀語。答案：C閱卷現(xiàn)場(教師用書獨(dú)具)問題二：推理判斷題常見問題問題描述與分析推理判斷是指在理解原文字面意義的基礎(chǔ)上，通過對(duì)語篇邏輯關(guān)系的分析和細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，作出一定的判斷和推理，從而得出文章的深層意義及隱含意義的過程。學(xué)生在此類問題上失分較多，主要是無法準(zhǔn)確找到答案的位置點(diǎn)，很難進(jìn)行正確推理。典例精析：【例1】 (2020×全國卷C篇)We have met the enemy, and he is ours.We bought him at a pet shop.When monkey­pox，a disease.usually found in the African rain forest, suddenly turns up in children in the American Midwest its hard not to wonder if the disease that comes from foreign animals is homing in on human beings. “Most of the infections (感染)we think of as human infections started in other animals”， says Stephen Morse，director of the Center for Public Health Preparedness at Columbia University.Its not just that were going to where the animals are; were also bringing them closer to us. Popular foreign pets have brought a whole new disease to this country. A strange illness killed Isaksens pets and she now thinks that keeping foreign pets is a bad idea. “I dont think its fair to have them as pets when we have such a limited knowledge of them, ”says Isaksen.“Laws allowing these animals to be brought in from deep forest areas without stricter control need changing，”says Peter Schantz. Monkey­pox may be the wake­up call. Researchers believe infected animals may infect their owners. We know very little about these new diseases. A new bug(病毒)may be kind at first.But it may develop into something harmful(有害的). Monkey­pox doesnt look a major infectious disease. But it is not impossible to pass the disease from person to person.(D)1.We learn from Paragraph l that the pet sold at the shop may _Acome from ColumbiaBprevent us from being infectedCenjoy being with childrenDsuffer from monkey­pox(A)2.The text suggests that in the future we _.Amay have to fight against more new diseasesBmay easily get infected by diseases from dogsCshould not be allowed to have petsDshould stop buying pets from Africa【答案解析】1選擇D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的第一、二句話可知，我們從寵物商店購買的動(dòng)物身上攜帶疾病，能傳播給人類。下面以猴痘為例說明作者的觀點(diǎn)。2選擇A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后兩句A new bug may be kind at first.But it may develop into something harmful. Monkey­pox doesnt look a major infectious disease.But it is not impossible to pass the disease from person to person可知，人類今后可能面臨更多疾病的挑戰(zhàn)。【例2】 (2020×山東卷A篇)A year ago August, Dave Fuss lost his job driving a truck for a small company in west Michigan. His wife, Gerrie, was still working in the local school cafeteria, but work for Dave was scarce, and the price of everything was rising. The Fusses were at risk of joining the millions of Americans who have lost their homes in recent years. Then Dave and Gerrie received a timely gift$7,000，a legacy (遺產(chǎn)) from their neighbors Ish and Arlene Hatch, who died in an accident. “It really made a difference when we were going under financially.”says Dave.But the Fusses werent the only folks in Alto and the neighboring town of Lowell to receive unexpected legacy from the Hatches Dozens of other families were touched by the Hatches.generosity. In some cases, it was a few thousand dollars; in others，it was more than $100,000.It surprised nearly everyone that the Hatches had so much money, more than $3 millionthey were an elderly couple who lived in an old house on what was left of the family farm.Children of the Great Depression，Ish and Arlene were known for their habit of saving.They thrived on (喜歡) comparison shopping and would routinely go from store to store, checking prices before making a new purchase.Through the years, the Hatches paid for local children to attend summer camp when their parents couldnt afford it. “Ish and Arlene never asked if you needed anything，” says their friend Sandy Van Weelden, “They could see things they could do to make you happier，and they would do them.Even more extraordinary was that the Hatches had their farmland distributed. It was the Hatches wish that their legacya legacy of kindness as much as one of dollars and centsshould enrich the whole community (社區(qū)) and last for generations to come.Neighbors helping neighborsthat was Ish and Arlene Hatchs story.(B)1.Why would the Hatches routinely go from store to store?AThey decided to open a storeBThey wanted to save moneyCThey couldnt afford expensive thingsDThey wanted to buy gifts for local kids(A)2.According to Sandy Van Weelten, the Hatches were _.AunderstandingBoptimisticCchildlikeDcurious【答案解析】1選擇B。推理判斷題。第四段提到他們有節(jié)約的習(xí)慣，買東西前喜歡一個(gè)商店一個(gè)商店地比較價(jià)格，顯然是為了省錢，所以答案為B。其他各項(xiàng)明顯與文意不符。2選擇A。從第五段Sandy Van Weelden的話可推知，the Hatches從來不問你需要什么，而是能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)你需要的東西，然后就來幫助你，這說明他們非常善解人意，所以A項(xiàng)正確，其他選項(xiàng)均不符合文意?！纠?】 (2020×陜西卷D篇)Every year about 80,000 people worldwide travel as air couriers. The number of tickets for courier travel is growing by about 10 percent a year. However, air­courier travel isnt for everyone. But if you have very little money, can be flexible(靈活的) about your travel plans, and dont mind wearing the same clothes for a week, it can be a great way to take a vacation!(A)One of the disadvantages of traveling as an air courier is that he _.Acannot decide when and where to travelBcannot take any luggage with himChas to wear two pairs of jeansDsaves little money from the travel【答案解析】 選擇A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句可知這個(gè)旅行計(jì)劃隨意性、靈活性很大，所以本題選A。【例4】 (2020×重慶卷A篇)I was waiting for a phone call from my agent. He had left a message the night before, telling me that my show was to be cancelled. I called him several times, but each time his secretary told me that he was in a meeting and that he would call me later. So I waited and waited, but there was still no call. Three hours passing by, I became more and more impatient. I was certain that my agent didnt care about my work, and he didnt care about me. I was overcome with that thought. I started to shout at the phone, “Let me wait, will you? Who do you think you are？”(B)Why did the author shout at the telephone?AHe was mad at the telephone.BHe was angry with his agent.CHe was anxious about his wife.DHe was impatient with the secretary.【答案解析】 選擇B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中第一句內(nèi)容可知，我給經(jīng)紀(jì)人多次打電話都沒有打通，等了三個(gè)小時(shí)之后還要繼續(xù)等，我認(rèn)為這是經(jīng)紀(jì)人不關(guān)心我的工作，不在乎我的感受，最終導(dǎo)致了我情緒的爆發(fā)?！纠?】 (2020×安徽卷C篇)Sometimes, the simplest ideas are the best. For example, to absorb heat from the sun to heat water, you need large, flat, black surfaces. One way to do that is to build those surfaces specially, on the roofs of buildings. But why go to all that trouble when cities are full of black surfaces already, in the form of asphalt (柏油) roads?Ten years ago, this thought came into the mind of Arian de Bondt, a Dutch engineer. He finally persuaded his boss to follow it up. The result is that their building is now heated in winter and cooled in summer by a system that relies on the surface of the road outside.The heat­collector is a system of connected water pipes. Most of them run from one side of the street to the other, just under the asphalt road. Some, however, dive deep into the ground.When the street surface gets hot in summer, water pumped through the pipes picks up this heat and takes it underground through one of the diving pipes. At a depth of 100 metres lies a natural aquifer (蓄水層) into which several heat exchangers (交換器) have been built. The hot water from the street runs through these exchangers, warning the ground­water, before returning to the surface through another pipe. The aquifer is thus used as a heat store.In winter, the working system is changed slightly. Water is pumped through the heat exchangers to pick up the heat stored during summer. This water goes into the building and is used to warm the place up. After performing that task, it is pumped under the asphalt and its remaining heat keeps the road free of snow and ice.(D)1.Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?AArian de Bondt got his idea from his boss.BLarge, flat, black surfaces need to be built in cities.CThe Dutch engineers system has been widely used.DHeat can also be collected from asphalt roads.(D)2.For what purpose are the diving pipes used?ATo absorb heat from the sun.BTo store heat for future use.CTo turn solar energy into heat energy.DTo carry heat down below the surface.(B)3.From the last paragraph we can learn that _Asome pipes have to be re­arranged in winterBthe system can do more than warming up the buildingCthe exchangers will pick up heat from the street surfaceDless heat may be collected in winter than in summer.【答案解析】 1.選擇D。推測判斷題。由文章第二段最后一句內(nèi)容可以得出“可以從外面的柏油馬路上收集熱量”。2選擇D。推測判斷題。由文章第四段中“water pumped through the pipes picks up this heat and takes it underground through one of the diving pipes.”內(nèi)容得出答案。3選擇B。推測判斷題。由文章最后一段最后一句“it is pumped under the asphalt and its remaining heat keeps the road free of snow and ice.”內(nèi)容可知，這一系統(tǒng)不只是給樓房加熱，它還要使馬路上的冰雪消融。解決方案與指南1常用提問方式為：(1) It can be inferred that _.(2)Which of the following conclusions can we draw/come to according to the passage?(3)We can conclude from the passage that _.(4)According to the passage, we can infer that _.(5)The passage implies, but doesnt directly state that _.(6)The tone of the passage is _.(7)The author of the article is probably a _.(8)The writer suggests that _. (9)We can infer from the article that _.(10)What is the writers attitude toward _？2.解題方法(1)抓住特定信息逆向或正向推理。做此類試題要善于抓住某一段話中的關(guān)鍵信息，即某些關(guān)鍵詞或短語去分析、推理、判斷，利用逆向思維或正向推理，推斷出這句話所隱含的深層含義。(2)整合全文(段)信息合理進(jìn)行推斷。做推理題時(shí)，有時(shí)需要在弄懂全文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，整合與題目有關(guān)的有用信息，綜合起來去推理判斷，確定最佳結(jié)論，忌“見樹不見林”。(3)利用語境褒貶適當(dāng)進(jìn)行信息推斷。幾乎每篇文章的語境都有一定的褒貶性，這種褒貶性反映了主人公的特定心理和情緒狀態(tài)及作者的寫作意圖，因此利用好文章的語境褒貶性及變化的標(biāo)志性詞匯或句子對(duì)我們掌握文章主旨大意，了解主人公的心理特點(diǎn)及發(fā)展變化，從而正確地進(jìn)行邏輯推斷很有好處。(4)根據(jù)文章結(jié)論推斷作者態(tài)度。作者的態(tài)度、傾向是指作者對(duì)陳述的觀點(diǎn)是贊同、反對(duì)還是猶豫不定，對(duì)記敘或描寫的人、物或事件等是贊頌、同情、冷漠還是厭惡、憎恨。作者的這種思想傾向和感情色彩往往隱含在文章的字里行間，或流露于修飾的詞語之中。因此，在推斷過程中，應(yīng)特別注意文中作者的措辭，尤其是表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞。(5)根據(jù)上下邏輯大膽得出結(jié)論。邏輯結(jié)論是指嚴(yán)格根據(jù)文章中所陳述的事實(shí)、論點(diǎn)、例證等一系列論據(jù)材料進(jìn)行推理，從而得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論，而不是根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)或愛好去理解文章的內(nèi)涵。做這類題時(shí)應(yīng)把握作者的寫作思路，預(yù)測下文可能發(fā)展的內(nèi)容。文章可能按事件發(fā)展的經(jīng)過描寫，也可能按因果關(guān)系，對(duì)比關(guān)系來描寫。必須注意的是：讀者不可根據(jù)自己的主觀臆斷毫無根據(jù)地下結(jié)論；所得結(jié)論必須符合作者的意圖。(6)結(jié)合已有知識(shí)正確進(jìn)行推斷。知識(shí)推斷是根據(jù)文章中所闡述的細(xì)節(jié)，運(yùn)用自己掌握的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)進(jìn)行分析、推敲，從而得出符合文章原意的結(jié)論的一種推斷方法。知識(shí)推斷題一般都針對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)。解答此類題，不僅需要我們有一定的社會(huì)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，而且需要對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)以及有關(guān)背景知識(shí)有一個(gè)充分的理解。(7)根據(jù)篇章結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行判斷推理。根據(jù)不同文章的內(nèi)容和寫作目的，作者會(huì)采取記敘、描寫、議論、說明或應(yīng)用文體。作者也會(huì)采用敘述、例證、比較對(duì)照等不同的組織結(jié)構(gòu)。不同文體的閱讀難度、要求和任務(wù)不同，閱讀方法也應(yīng)不同。增強(qiáng)對(duì)篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的理解能力有助于提高閱讀質(zhì)量。直擊高考與警示此題型要求考生縱覽全文，在匯集全文提供的各項(xiàng)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)行正確的邏輯推理，推斷作者的情感態(tài)度，人物的動(dòng)機(jī)、目的、性格特征；事件的前因后果以及作者寫作的手法，此類題屬于深層理解題，要把握這類題必須透徹理解全文，認(rèn)真探究句意，注意邏輯關(guān)系及有關(guān)的生活常識(shí)。考生做題時(shí)一定要整體理解語篇內(nèi)容，在語篇的表面意義與隱含意義、已知信息與未知信息間架起橋梁，透過字里行間，去把握作者的“弦外之音”。