北京朝陽區(qū)2020高考英語閱讀理解（二輪）精練（5）閱讀理解。閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。Air pollution is a leading cause of cancer and classified among Group 1,or top, human carcinogens (致癌物質(zhì)), said the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), which is the World Health Organization's (WHO) cancer agency, on Oct 17,2020.The most widely used system for classifying carcinogens comes from the IARC, which places them into five groups. Group 1 carcinogens definitely cause cancer in humans. Group 2A is probably carcinogenic to humans, Group 2B is possibly carcinogenic, the carcinogenicity of Group 3 in humans is unclassifiable, and Group 4 is probably not carcinogenic to humans. Only a little more than 100 are classified as Group 1 cancer-causing substances, including ultraviolet radiation and tobacco smoke.“Our task was to evaluate the air everyone breathes rather than focus on specific air pollutants,” the lARC's Dana Loomis said in a statement. “The results from the reviewed studies point in the same direction: the risk of developing lung cancer is significantly increased in people exposed to air pollution.”In 2020, lung cancer resulting from air pollution killed 223,000 people worldwide, and there was also convincing evidence that it increases the risk of bladder (膀腕) cancer, according to the IARC.Air pollution is already known to raise risks for a wide range of illnesses, including respiratory and heart diseases.Air pollution is global, although the levels of it vary over space and time.Loomis said people in Asia, eastern North America, some places in Central America and Mexico, as well as North Africa have relatively high exposure. Developing countries with large populations and booming manufacturing sectors, such as China, are particularly at risk.Many cities in China, such as Beijing, frequently see smog. This week, Harbin, the capital city of Heilongjiang province, became the first Chinese city to officially suspend classes due to serious smogMany developed countries face similar problems, although to a lesser degree than most developing nations. In Europe, levels of many pollutants have fallen. But between 91 and 96 percent of Europeans living in cities are exposed to levels of PM2.5tiny particles with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometersthat are higher than the WHO safety limits, says a report published by the European Environment Agency on Oct 15.Although both the composition and levels of air pollution can vary dramatically from one location to the other, the 1ARC said its conclusions apply to all regions of the world.“Given the scale of the exposure affecting people worldwide, this report should send a strong signal to the international community to take action without further delay,” said Christopher Wild, director of the IARC.1、What might be the best title of the passage?ASignals of air pollutionBSafety limits of air pollutionCAir pollution, cancer riskDAir pollution, smog risk2、Whats the main task of IARC?ATo focus on cancer-causing substances.BTo evaluate the air quality.CTo study the developing risk of cancer.DTo send signals to the international community.3、Why should the international community take action without further delay?AThe composition and levels of air pollution vary from place to place.BMore and more people in developing countries are exposed to air pollution.CDeveloped countries face air pollution, the level of which is higher than the safety limits.DA large number of people worldwide are exposed to air pollution.【參考答案】13、C B D由 (2020山東臨沂高三一模)改編Children will find it more difficult to buy cigarettes as vending machines(自動售貨機)selling tobacco will be officially banned in England today.According to the British Heart Foundation(BHF),around 200,000 young people start smoking regularly in England each year and 11 percent of 11-to-15-year-old regular smokers in England and Wales get their cigarettes from vending machines.Betty McBride, Director of Policy and Communications at the British Heart Foundation,said,“Thousands of children who are at risk of addiction regularly get tobacco from these machines,which of course,dont ask them to prove their age.With the tobacco industry increasingly depending on young smokers to keep their profits,theyre fighting tooth and nail to stop any changes that might hit their bottom line.”The ban, which makes it illegal to sell tobacco from vending machines and requires shopkeepers to ensure all tobacco advertising on the machines is removed,comes into force in England today.It is the first ban in Europe to prohibit selling cigarettes from vending machines,which shows the determination of England to fight against smoking.Other measures to protect young people from the dangers of smoking are also on the way.In April 2020 large retailers(零售商)in England and Scotland will have to get rid of all tobacco displays and small shops will be expected to do that from April 2020.Wales and Northern Ireland also plan to make similar regulations.The UK Government is due to begin a public consultation before the end of the year on whether to introduce plain packaging for cigarettes which would reduce their marketing appeal to young people,help to make health warnings more effective and,alongside other measures,help to reduce the number of smokers in the long term.9.According to the text,vending machines selling cigarettes.A.offer cheaper productsB.have more varieties of productsC.dont check buyers personal informationD.keep a record of every purchase10.The tobacco industry may be against the new regulation because.A.more children will be at risk of tobacco addictionB.it will bring inconvenience to its consumersC.young smokers will be discouragedD.many vending machines will be left unused11.Small stores in Scotland.A.will be banned from selling tobacco next yearB.can still present cigarettes for around 2 yearsC.must get rid of all tobacco advertisementsD.must show warnings about cigarettes in 202012.It can be inferred from the text that.A.plain packaging is a must for cigarettesB.the number of tobacco companies will be limitedC.tobaccos harm to health will be put down on packagesD.opinions will be asked for plans of tobacco controlling13.What is the best title for the text?()A.Cigarette vending machines banned.B.The youths addiction to tobacco.C.UKs efforts to improve peoples health.D.Strong opposition from tobacco industry.語篇解讀:為了減少青少年吸煙者的數(shù)量,英國政府頒發(fā)了自動售貨賣煙機的禁令,充分顯示了政府同吸煙作斗爭的決心。答案及剖析:9.C細節(jié)理解題。由第二段的.from these machines,which of course,dont ask them to prove their age可知,售煙機不會詢問買煙者的年齡,故選C項。10.C推理判斷題。由第二段的最后一句話With the tobacco industry increasingly depending on young smokers to keep their profits,.可知,煙草商為了獲得利益更加依賴年輕的吸煙者的消費,政府的這種禁令會大大減少青少年買煙者的數(shù)量而損害煙草業(yè)的利益,故選C項。11.B細節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第二段的In April 2020 large retailers(零售商)in England and Scotland will have to get rid of all tobacco displays and small shops will be expected to do that from April 2020可知,小商店到2020年的4月就不可以再在商店里陳列煙了,故B項正確。12.D推理判斷題。由最后一段的第一句話The UK Government is due to begin a public consultation.on whether to introduce plain packaging for cigarettes.可知,英國政府將舉行公開磋商,詢問對煙草控制計劃的問題,故選D項。由最后一段的第一句話.on whether to introduce plain packaging for cigarettes可排除A項;由文章內(nèi)容可知,英國政府只是對自動售煙機,銷售店和包裝采取措施,沒有提到關閉生產(chǎn)廠家,故排除B項;由最后一段的.make health warnings more effective.可知,煙包裝盒上已經(jīng)有了“吸煙有害”警示語,故排除C項。13.A主旨大意題。由文章的首句Children will find it more difficult to buy cigarettes as vending machines(自動售貨機)selling tobacco will be officially banned in England today.為本文的主題句,故A項作為標題最合適。【疑難詞匯解讀】1.prohibit v.禁止,防止Smoking is prohibited in the library.圖書館里禁止吸煙。2.consultation n.磋商,商議;會診She said the public wanted a longer consultation period.她表示市民希望延長咨詢期【長難句子分析】 禁止從自動售貨機上賣煙是歐洲的第一個禁令,這顯示了英國同吸煙作斗爭的決心。閱讀理解。閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個選項 (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項。According to the US government, wind farms off the Pacific coast could produce 900 gigawatts of electricity every year.Unfortunately，the water there is far too deep for even the tallest windmills(see picture)to touch bottom. An experiment under way off the coast of Norway，however，could help put them anywhere.The project, called Hywind，is the world's first large­scale deepwater wind turbine(渦輪發(fā)電機)Although it uses a fairly standard 152­ton,2.3­megawatt turbine，Hywind represents totally new technology. The turbine will be fixed 213 feet above the water on a floating spar(see picture)，a technology Hywind's creator，the Norwegian company StatoilHydro，has developed recently. The steel spar, which is filled with stones and goes 328 feet below the sea surface, will be tied to the ocean floor by three cables(纜索)；these will keep the spar stable and prevent the turbine from moving up and down in the waves.Hywind's stability(穩(wěn)定性)in the cold and rough sea would prove that even the deepest corners of the ocean are suitable for wind power. If all goes according to plan, the turbine will start producing electricity six miles off the coast of southwestern Norway as early as September.To produce electricity on a large scale, a commercial wind farm will have to use bigger turbines than Hywind does, but it's difficult enough to balance such a large turbine so high on a floating spar in the middle of the ocean. To make that turbine heavier, the whole spar's centre of gravity must be moved much closer to the ocean's surface. To do that, the company plans to design a new kind of wind turbine, one whose gearbox(變速箱) sits at sea level rather than behind the blades(see picture)Hywind is a test run, but the benefits for perfecting floating wind­farm technology could be extremely large. Out at sea, the wind is often stronger and steadier than close to shore, where all existing off shore windmills are planted. Deep­sea farms are invisible from land, which helps overcome the windmill­as­eyesore objection. If the technology catches on, it will open up vast areas of the planet's surface to one of the best low­carbon power sources available.本文為科普短文，講述世界上第一個深海風力發(fā)電機渦輪發(fā)電機以及它的發(fā)電原理及好處。9The Hywind project uses totally new technology to ensure the stability of_.A. the cables which tie the spar to the ocean floorB. the spar which is floating in deep­sea waterC. the blades driven by strong and steady sea windD. the stones filled in the spar below the sea surface答案：B。細節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段特別是“these will keep the spar stable and prevent the turbine from moving up and down in the waves”可知B項正確。10To balance a bigger turbine high on a floating spar, a new type of turbine is to be designed with its gearbox sitting_.A. on the sea floor B. on the spar topC. at sea level D. behind the blades答案：C。細節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段最后一句“.one whose gearbox sits at sea level rather than behind the blades.”可知C項正確。11Wide applications of deepwater wind power technology can_.A. solve the technical problems of deepwater windmillsB. make financial profits by producing more turbinesC. settle the arguments about environmental problemsD. explore low­carbon power resources available at sea答案：D。細節(jié)理解題。由文章最后一句“.it will open up vast areas of the planet's surface to one of the best low­carbon power sources available.”可知D項正確。