PARTTWO,第二篇語法突破篇,語法專題（十二）主謂一致,就近一致原則就是謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的主語的單、復(fù)數(shù)。1.eitheror,neithernor,notbut,notonlybutalso等連接并列主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與最靠近它的主語保持一致。Neitherherparentsnorsheherselfabankclerk.她父母和她本人都不是銀行職員。Eithermyfatherormymotheronweekdays.在工作日,不是我爸爸就是我媽媽做飯。,考點(diǎn)一就近一致原則,【中考考點(diǎn)】(1)就近一致原則。(2)意義一致原則。(3)語法一致原則。,is,cooks,2.當(dāng)therebe句型中的主語是一系列事物時(shí),be動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與離其最近的主語保持一致。Thereapen,aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk.書桌上有一支鋼筆、一把小刀和幾本書。Theretwentyboysandtwenty-threegirlsintheclassroom.教室里有20名男生和23名女生。3.在here引導(dǎo)的句子中,主語有不止一個(gè)時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞通常與離其最近的主語在數(shù)上保持一致。,is,are,考點(diǎn)二意義一致原則,意義一致原則就是謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)要看主語所表達(dá)的概念。1.有些集合名詞,如family,class,team等,作主語時(shí),若看作整體,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;若強(qiáng)調(diào)其中的每個(gè)成員,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Mr.Smithsfamilyabigone.史密斯先生家是一個(gè)大家庭。Mr.SmithsfamilywatchingTV.史密斯先生一家人正在看電視。2.all,either,neither,most,some,any,none作主語時(shí),若代表可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;若代表可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Nowallgoingwell.目前一切都進(jìn)展順利。Allpresent.所有的人都在這兒。,is,are,is,are,3.“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”以及“all/some/any/half/enough/most/therest/alotof/lotsof/plentyof/halfof/therestof/(a)partof+名詞”作主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要由名詞而定。名詞為不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)形式時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;名詞為可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Lotsofdamagecausedbyfire.很多損失是由火造成的。4.名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略,表示“商店、工廠、住宅”等意義且作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Thedoctorsacrossfromthestreet.診所在街道的對面。,was/is,is,5.形式上雖為復(fù)數(shù),但意義為單數(shù)的名詞,如politics,physics,theUnitedStates,news,maths等,作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Thenewsveryexciting.那則新聞是非常令人興奮的。Physicsabitdifficultforme.物理對我來說有點(diǎn)兒難。6.表示時(shí)間、距離、長度、價(jià)格、度量的詞(短語)作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。加減乘除也常看作整體,作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)形式。Fiftydollarsenough.五十美元足夠了。,is,is,is,7.anumberof作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;thenumberof作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Thenumberofthestudentsinourclass50.我們班學(xué)生的數(shù)量是五十。AnumberofplayersfromAmerica.很多隊(duì)員來自美國。8.形式上雖為單數(shù),但意義為復(fù)數(shù)的名詞,如people,police,cattle等作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Alotofpeopledancingoutside.很多人正在外面跳舞。Thepolicelookingforthelostboy.警察正在找那個(gè)丟失的男孩。,is,are/come,are,are,9.“the+形容詞”可以表示一類人,作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。10.“the+姓氏名詞復(fù)數(shù)”表示“一家”或“夫婦”,作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。TheBrownsarecleaningthewindowsnow.布朗一家人正在擦窗戶。,考點(diǎn)三語法一致原則,語法一致原則就是謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與主語的單、復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。1.each或由some-,any-,no-,every-等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞或oneof/eachof作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。EachofusanEnglishbook.我們每個(gè)人都有一本英語書。everybodyready?每個(gè)人都準(zhǔn)備好了嗎?2.常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞,如glasses,shoes,trousers,chopsticks等作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。,has,Is,3.主語前面有pair/glass/cup/kind/box/bag/等量詞接of修飾時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞要依據(jù)量詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。Therearethreeglassesofwateronthetable.桌上有三杯水。Thekindoffoodtastesgreat.這種食物嘗起來味道真好。4.由and或bothand連接的并列成分作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。BothheandIareright.我和他都是對的。5.and連接主語時(shí),如果該并列主語指的是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或事物時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;若指的是同一個(gè)人或事物(即and后面的名詞前沒有冠詞),則謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。,Thesingerandwriterisgoingtogiveaconcertnextweek.那位歌手兼作家將在下周舉辦一場音樂會。Thesingerandthewriterarebothmygoodfriends.這位歌手和這位作家都是我的好朋友。6.主語后有with,togetherwith,alongwith,besides,except,but,aswellas等引導(dǎo)的短語作插入語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與前面的主語保持一致。Theteacherwithhisstudentsisgoingtovisitthemuseum.老師和他的學(xué)生們將去參觀博物館。7.單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或代詞、不可數(shù)名詞、動(dòng)名詞及動(dòng)詞不定式短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或代詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。,考點(diǎn)過關(guān)訓(xùn)練,用括號中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Mymotherwithherfriendsoften(go)shoppingonweekends.2.There(be)fourpensandabookonthedesk.3.Listen!Thelittlegirl(be)singingintheroom.4.Weallknowthatoneoftheworldsmostpopularsports(be)football.5.Thepairofshoes(be)veryexpensive.6.Marywhoismyfriend,aswellashersisters,(study)ChineseinChina.7.Doingmorningexercises(make)ushealthy.,goes,are,is,is,is,studies,makes,考點(diǎn)過關(guān)訓(xùn)練,8.David,there(be)adictionaryandsomebooksonyourdesk.Pleaseputthemaway.OK,Mom.Illdoitrightaway.9.EveryoneexceptTomandMike(be)herewhentheteachercamein.10.SomeagreewithJim,buttherestofus(disagree)withhim.11.TheSmiths(be)makingdumplingsinthekitchenatthistimeyesterday.12.Twomonths(be)alongtime.Wecanvisitourgrandparentsduringthevacation.,is,was,disagree,were,is,考點(diǎn)過關(guān)訓(xùn)練,13.Thepoliceoften(go)tohelptheoldpeopleintheneighborhood.14.Twothirdsofthebookswrittenbyherfather(have)beensold.15.OnegreatthingaboutSingapore,unlikemostotherAsiancountries,(be)thatthetemperatureisalmostthesameallyearround.16.Theteacheranddanceralways(teach)ustodance.17.Tomsfamilyisabigone.Andthefamily(get)togethertohaveabigdinneronChristmasEveeveryyear.,go,have,is,teaches,get,考點(diǎn)過關(guān)訓(xùn)練,18.Notonlymyparentsbutalsomysister(be)crazyabouttheTVplayIntheNameofPeople.19.Asthesayinggoes,“Nonews(be)goodnews.”20.Anumberofvisitors(be)visitingtheWestLakeandthenumberofthevisitors(be)increasing.,is,is,are,is,