2019年中考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總復(fù)習(xí) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞課件.ppt
《2019年中考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總復(fù)習(xí) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞課件.ppt》由會(huì)員分享,可在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)《2019年中考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總復(fù)習(xí) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞課件.ppt(39頁(yè)珍藏版)》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞具有一定得詞義,沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化,不能單獨(dú)構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ),和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞連用表示委婉語(yǔ)氣或表示愿望、態(tài)度或推測(cè)等意義。,一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的類型和特征情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的類型只作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的有:must;can(could);may(might)只作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的有:need,dare可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也可作助動(dòng)詞的有:will(would);shall(should)具有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的某些特征的有:haveto;oughtto;hadbetter,2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特征(1).有一定的詞義,但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ),必須和行為動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞連用,構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。(2)表示說(shuō)話人的態(tài)度或語(yǔ)氣,無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化(haveto例外,其第三人稱單數(shù)形式為hasto)Hehastowalkhome.⑶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面跟的動(dòng)詞須用原形。,,二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法1.Can的用法⑴常用來(lái)表示能力,意為“能,會(huì)”。eg:Shecanswimfast,butIcan’t.⑵表示請(qǐng)求或許可,意為“可以”。eg:Canyougoshoppingwithus?⑶表示推測(cè),意為“可能”,常用于否定句或者疑問(wèn)句中,此時(shí)can’t意為不可能。eg:Canthenewsbetrue?Thatcan’tbeourteacher.HeisonavisittotheGreatWall.,,----IthinkMissGaomustbeinthelibrary.Shesaidshewouldgothere.---No.She_____bethere.Ihavejustbeenthere.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.wouldn’t,,4)can’t可用來(lái)作MayI….?的否定回答----MayIgosurfingalonethisafternoon?----No,youcan’t.It’sdangerous.5)can和beableto兩者都是表示“能力”是用法相同,但can只有原形和過(guò)去式could兩種形式,其他時(shí)態(tài)要用beableto來(lái)表示。另外,beableto常常有“成功做了某事”的意味Jimcan’tspeakEnglish.Wewereabletoreachthetopofthemaintainatnoon.,,2.Could的用法⑴can的過(guò)去式,意為“能,會(huì)”,表示過(guò)去的能力。eg:Hecouldwritepoemswhenhewas10.⑵could在疑問(wèn)句中,表示委婉的語(yǔ)氣,此時(shí)could沒(méi)有過(guò)去式的意思。eg:Couldyoupleasespeakalittlelouder?CouldIuseyourpen?Yes,youcan/No,youcan’t.,,---CouldIcrossthestreethere?---Ofcourseyou______.couldB.canC.areabletoD.will,,3.may的用法⑴may表示請(qǐng)求、許可,意為“可以”,比can要正式。eg:MayIaskyouaquestion?Youmaygohomenow.⑵表示推測(cè),談?wù)摽赡苄?,意為“可能、也許”,一般用于肯定句。eg:Itmayraintomorrow.Shemaybeathome.⑶may的過(guò)去式為might,表示推測(cè),可能性低于may。eg:Heisawayfromhome.Hemightbesick.(4)may表示祝福Mayyoubehappy!,,(5)can和may1)Can和may均可用來(lái)征求意見(jiàn)或許可,意為“可以”,一般可互換使用Can/MayIhelpyou?2)may和can表示可能性時(shí)的區(qū)別:①在肯定句中用may,might,不用can;②在疑問(wèn)句中表示推測(cè)用can;③在否定句句中用can’t(不可能)Shemaybeintheclassroom.Wherecantheybenow?Thatcan’tbetrue.,,(6)maybe和maybe用法區(qū)別常用位置maybemay為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,be動(dòng)詞原形句中,做謂語(yǔ)maybe副詞,大概、也許,相當(dāng)于perhaps句首,作狀語(yǔ)Hemaybewrong,butI’mnotsure.,,----Haveyoudecidedwhichseniorhighschooltochoose?----Notyet.I____gotoMoonlightSchool.A.mustB.mayC.needD.should----Whatwilltheweatherbeliketomorrow?----It____berainy,cloudyorsunny.Whoknows?mustB.mightC.shallD.should,,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞練習(xí)1講解1.----_____Ihavealookatyournewwatch?----Yes,please.MayB.NeedC.DareD.Must2.Tomisyoungbuthe_____flyakitebyhimself.mayB.canC.needD.must,,3.Theworkistoohardforhim.He_____finishitontime.can’tB.mustn’tC.shouldn’tD.needn’t4.Thebookstorewasopen,soI____buythebook.canB.can’tC.didcanD.wasableto,,5.LastyearI____drive.Iusedtakethebus.couldB.couldn’tC.shouldD.shouldn’t6.----Couldwesmokehere?----I’mafraidyou____.couldn’tB.can’tC.areabletoD.will,,7.----Ihearyou’vegotanewiPhone4S.____Ihavealook?----Yes,certainly.MayB.DoC.ShallD.Should8.----Where’sLucy?----I’mnotsure.She_____intheschoollibrary.maybeB.mustbeC.maybeD.willbe,,9.----WhereisTom?----_____heisathome.Hedidn’tfeelwellyesterday.MaybeB.MaybeC.May10.----______Iswimhere?----I’msorry.Children____swimalonehereMust;can’tB.May;mustCan;mustn’tD.Can’t;can,,4.Must的用法⑴must表示“一定要,必須”。否定形式是mustn’t,表示“禁止,不許可”。eg:YoumuststayhereuntilIcameback.Youmustn’tparkyourcarinfrontoftheentrance.⑵對(duì)must引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句,肯定回答為must,否定回答為needn’t或者don’thaveto。eg:----MustIfinishmyhomeworknow?----No,youneedn’t.,,⑶must常常指有根據(jù)的,比較有把握的推測(cè),意為“一定是,準(zhǔn)是”,這種用法只能用于肯定句當(dāng)中。eg:Thelightison.Hemustbeathomenow.當(dāng)must表示肯定判斷、推測(cè)的時(shí)候,其反意疑問(wèn)句要用實(shí)際問(wèn)句的助動(dòng)詞來(lái)構(gòu)成。eg:Shemusthavefinishwriting,hasn’tshe?,,⑷must和haveto①must側(cè)重于個(gè)人意志和主觀上的必要,意為“必須,應(yīng)該”。eg:IknowImuststudyhard.②haveto側(cè)重于客觀上的必要,意為“不得不”。它有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)第三人稱單數(shù)形式hasto和過(guò)去形式hadto。eg:Mybrotherwasveryill,soIhadtocallthedoctoratmidnight.③haveto的否定形式是don’thaveto,相當(dāng)于needn’t,意為“不必”;mustn’t表示“禁止,不允許”.,,(5)can’t和mustn’t表否定推測(cè)時(shí)應(yīng)用can’t,mustn’t意為“禁止,不允許”,不用來(lái)表推測(cè),在肯定句中用must表推測(cè),意為“一定”,,----Mom,mustIcleanmyroomnow?----No,you____.Youcandoittomorrow.can’tB.needn’tC.mustn’tD.shouldn’t,,5.need的用法⑴need表示“需要,必須”,主要用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句當(dāng)中,否定形式為needn’t,意為“沒(méi)有必要,不必”。用need提問(wèn)時(shí),肯定回答是must,否定回答為needn’t.eg:---NeedIstayhereanylonger?⑵need可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,此時(shí)還有人稱,數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化,后面多接動(dòng)詞不定時(shí)。eg:Ineedtodoitrightnow.Heneedstolearnmoreaboutthegirl.,,注意:對(duì)need的詞性判斷常為難點(diǎn),need后加todo說(shuō)明need為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,用助動(dòng)詞提問(wèn)或否定;need后加doing表示被動(dòng)意義;若need后加do的動(dòng)詞原形,則need為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Youneedn’tseehim,butImust.Youdon’tneedtocomeifyoufeelsick.,,(6).dare表示“敢于”,用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),無(wú)人稱變化,只用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句和條件句Marydarenottouchthesnake.用于實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí),要注意人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化,后面跟不定式Ihaveneverdaredtotellhimaboutit.注意:dare作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí),其疑問(wèn)句或否定句后面的不定式符號(hào)常省略。Hedidn’tdare(to)disobey.,,You____swiminthispartofthelake.It’sdangerous.mustn’tB.needn’tC.won’tD.maynotIenjoythepartyverymuch,butI____gohome.It’stoolate.A.havetoB.mayC.mustn’tD.should’t,,6.shall,should,will,would的用法⑴shall常用于疑問(wèn)句當(dāng)中,表示征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)(多用于第一、三人稱),用在第一人稱或第三人稱的疑問(wèn)句中eg:shallwegooutforawalk?Shallhecomeatonce?一般回答:Yes,please./Allright./No,thankyou.⑵Shall用于第二、第三人稱,表示說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方命令、警告、允諾或威脅。eg:Youshallfailifyoudontworkharder.(警告)HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishreading.(允諾)Heshallbepunished.(威脅),,⑶should意為“應(yīng)該”??杀硎緞窀?、建議、義務(wù)、責(zé)任等。eg:Weshouldprotecttheenvironment.,,⑷will表示主語(yǔ)的決心或意愿;也可表請(qǐng)求或詢問(wèn),用于第二人稱。eg:Iwillneverdothatagain.IwillhelpyouifI’mfreethisafternoon.Willyoupassmethebook?⑸will表示習(xí)慣、請(qǐng)求,固有性質(zhì)等。eg:Everydayhewillsitherehourafterhourdoingnothing.(習(xí)慣)WillyouhelpmewithmyEnglish?(請(qǐng)求),,7.hadbetter的用法hadbetter意味“最好”,沒(méi)有人稱的變化,后接不帶to的不定式,其否定形式為hadbetternot.eg:Wehadbettergonow.Youhadbetternotgivethebooktohim.,,----Howwastheyouthclublastnight,Mark?----Itwasgreatfun.You______havecome.MustB.canC.shouldD.mayYoulooktirednow.You_______stayathomeandhavearest.hadtoB.hadbetterC.wouldliketoD.wouldrather,,PS:在英語(yǔ)中,我們可以用其他多種方式提出我們的建議或征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)。(1).用“Letsdo...”來(lái)提出建議。e.g.Letsgoforawalkaftersupper.(2).用“What/Howabout...?”來(lái)提出建議;about后接名詞或動(dòng)詞ing形式。e.g.Whatabout/Howaboutadrink?Whatabout/HowabouttakingTomwithus?,,(3).用“Whynot...?”來(lái)提出建議,表示“何不……”not面后接動(dòng)詞原形?!癢hynot...?”實(shí)際上是“Whydontyou/we...?”的簡(jiǎn)略形式。e.g.Whynotmeetattheschoolgateateight?Whydontwestayhereanotherday?(4).用“Wouldyoulike...?”來(lái)提出建議,意思是“你想要……嗎?”Wouldyoulike后可接名詞或不定式。如:Wouldyoulikeacupoftea?Yes,please.No,thankyou.Wouldyouliketogoandseeher?Yes,I’dliketo.No,thankyou,,“去游泳好嗎?”Shallwegoforaswim?Letsgoforaswim,shallwe?Whatabout/Howaboutgoingswimming?Whynotgoforaswim?Wouldyouliketogoforaswim?,,willwill在therebe句型中的形式及其句式變換。將有由于“一般將來(lái)時(shí)”的結(jié)構(gòu)可以用“will+動(dòng)詞原形”來(lái)表示,所以therebe句型的一般將來(lái)時(shí)的形式就是therewillbe。(一定不能說(shuō)therewillhave)Therearemanystudentsinourschool.→Therewillbemanystudentsinourschool.,,含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的疑問(wèn)句的回答對(duì)may引出的問(wèn)句,可以有下列回答方式:Yes,youmay.Yes,ofcourse.Yes,certainly.Sure.No,youmustn’t.No,youcan’t.2.對(duì)must引出的疑問(wèn)句,回答方式為:Yes,…must.No,…needn’t/don’thaveto.,,3.could在疑問(wèn)句中,表示委婉的語(yǔ)氣,此時(shí)could沒(méi)有過(guò)去式的意思。e.g.—CouldIuseyourpen?----Yes,youcan./No,youcan’t.4.shall引出的疑問(wèn)句用于第一人稱或第三人稱中,表示征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)或客氣的請(qǐng)求。其回答方式有以下幾種:Yes,please.Allright.No,thankyou.,,5.wouldyou…的回答方式有以下幾種:Yes,Iwill.(No,Iwon’t.)Sure.(I’msorry,Ican’t.)Allright/OK/Withpleasure.Certainly.(No,thankyou.)Yes,please.Wouldyouliketogoshoppingwithme?Yes,I’dliketo./No,thanks(thankyou).Wouldyoulikesomewater?Yes,please./No,thanks(thankyou)—WouldyoudomeafavourandpassonmythankstoLily?—________.A.That’srightB.WithpleasureC.Itdoesn’tmatterD.Notrouble,- 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