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PARTTWO,第二篇語法突破篇,語法專題（十）非謂語動(dòng)詞,【中考考點(diǎn)】(1)動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、狀語以及和疑問詞連用構(gòu)成不定式短語的基本用法。(2)動(dòng)詞不定式作主語、定語和表語的基本用法。(3)動(dòng)名詞的用法。(4)現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的用法。,不定式有兩種,即帶to的不定式(to+動(dòng)詞原形)和不帶to的不定式。動(dòng)詞不定式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)為“nottodosth”。,考點(diǎn)一動(dòng)詞不定式,【注意】它沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。,1.作主語常用it作形式主語,而將真正的主語(動(dòng)詞不定式)置于句末。常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)為“Its+adj./n.+(for/ofsb)+todosth”。Toasktheteacherforhelpisnecessary.=Itisnecessarytoasktheteacherforhelp.向老師尋求幫助是有必要的。,2.作賓語(1)后接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞或短語有want,try,decide,hope,need,wish,agree,expect,refuse,learn,remember,forget,wouldlike/love等。Ihopetherebeforebeingdark.我希望天黑以前到那兒。(2)在think,find,make等動(dòng)詞后通常用it作形式賓語,而將不定式后置,構(gòu)成“主語+謂語+it(形式賓語)+賓語補(bǔ)足語(形容詞/名詞)+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。Ifounditdifficulttosolvetheproblem.我發(fā)現(xiàn)解決這個(gè)問題很難。,toget,3.作賓語補(bǔ)足語(1)后面能接帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞或短語有tell,ask,allow,want,help,wish,teach,warn,invite,wouldlike,encourage等。TheteachertoldusExercise1.老師告訴我們做練習(xí)一。(2)使役動(dòng)詞let,make,have和感官動(dòng)詞see,hear,watch,notice,feel等后要用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。但是,當(dāng)上述動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),其后的不定式必須補(bǔ)上to。Weoftenhearhersing.我們經(jīng)常聽見她唱歌。被動(dòng)語態(tài):Sheisoftenheardtosing.,todo,4.作狀語常見的狀語有目的狀語、原因狀語、結(jié)果狀語等。Mr.LeewillgotoHangzhoutovisittheWestLake.李先生將會(huì)去杭州參觀西湖。(作目的狀語)5.作定語動(dòng)詞不定式作定語時(shí),放在被修飾的名詞的后面,作后置定語。IdonthaveapartnertopractiseEnglishwith.我沒有一個(gè)一起練習(xí)英語的同伴。,6.作表語Theirdutyistheanimals.他們的職責(zé)是照看動(dòng)物。7.“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞不定式可以和what,which,when,where,how等疑問詞連用,構(gòu)成不定式短語,在句中作主語、賓語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語等。Hedoesntknow.他不知道要穿什么。(作賓語),tolookafter/takecareof,whattowear,考點(diǎn)二動(dòng)名詞,動(dòng)名詞由“動(dòng)詞原形+-ing”構(gòu)成,但有不規(guī)則形式。動(dòng)名詞既有動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì),也有名詞的性質(zhì)。,1.作主語動(dòng)名詞作主語和動(dòng)詞不定式作主語,在很多情況下可以通用。Playing/Toplaycomputergamestoomuchisbadforyoureyes.過度地玩電腦游戲?qū)δ愕难劬τ袀Α?2.作賓語常接動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞或短語有enjoy,finish,consider(考慮),miss,keep,mind,practise,suggest,bebusy,feellike,giveup,canthelp,avoid,beusedto,beworth,beafraidof,beproudof,beinterestedin,cantstop,keep/stop…from,lookforwardto,putoff,havefun,haveproblem/difficulty等。Haveyoufinishedthebook?你讀完這本書了嗎?,reading,3.作表語Thenurses’jobisthepatients.護(hù)士的工作是照顧病人。4.作定語Ioftengotothe.我經(jīng)常去閱覽室。,【注意】有些動(dòng)詞(短語)后既可接不定式又可接v.-ing形式,但表達(dá)的意義不同。常見結(jié)構(gòu):(1)stoptodosth停下來去做另外一件事(不定式作目的狀語)stopdoingsth停止做某事(v.-ing作賓語)(2)trytodosth試圖(企圖)做某事;盡力做某事trydoingsth嘗試著做某事,lookingafter/takingcareof,readingroom,(3)forgettodosth忘記要做某事(還沒做)forgetdoingsth忘記做過某事(已做)(4)remembertodosth記著要做某事(還沒做)rememberdoingsth記得做過某事(已做)(5)goontodosth做完一件事后繼續(xù)做另外一件不同的事goondoingsth繼續(xù)做原來所做的事(6)sthneeddoing(某事)需要做(被動(dòng)含義)needtodosth需要去做某事(主動(dòng)含義),考點(diǎn)三分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞及過去分詞),分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種?，F(xiàn)在分詞(v.-ing)有主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行之意;過去分詞(v.-ed)有被動(dòng)、完成之意。,1.作定語Chinaisacountry.Americaisacountry.中國是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國家。美國是一個(gè)發(fā)達(dá)國家。IknowtheboycalledLiMing.我認(rèn)識那個(gè)叫李明的男孩。2.作表語Thebookisinteresting.Iminterestedinit.這本書很有趣。我對它感興趣。,developingdeveloped,3.作賓語補(bǔ)足語Isawhergoingupstairs.我看見她正在上樓。Iwanttohavesomephotostaken.我想拍一些照片。4.作狀語Laughingandtalking,theywentintotheroom.他們有說有笑地走進(jìn)了房間。,5.現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別(1)在語態(tài)上,現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng),過去分詞表示被動(dòng)。therulingpeople統(tǒng)治階級theruledpeople被統(tǒng)治階級(2)在時(shí)間上,現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。thedevelopingcountry發(fā)展中國家thedevelopedcountry發(fā)達(dá)國家,6.易混結(jié)構(gòu)使役動(dòng)詞(make,keep,let,have等)易混結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)分。如havesbdoingsth與havesthdone的區(qū)別:(1)havesbdoingsth意為“讓某人一直做某事”,doing這個(gè)動(dòng)作具有持續(xù)性。Thebosshadtheworkersworkingallday.老板讓工人們工作了一整天。(2)havesthdone意為“讓某人做某事”,相當(dāng)于asksbtodosth,done表示讓他人完成,有被動(dòng)之意。Ihadmycomputerrepairedyesterday.昨天我讓人修理了我的電腦。,中考真題演練,1.[2018北部灣]Ourteacheroftentellsusintheriver.Itsdangerous.A.notswimB.nottoswimC.toswimD.swimming2.[2018梧州]Jimwenttothelibrarysomesciencemagazinesyesterday.A.borrowB.borrowsC.toborrowD.borrowed,,B,C,中考真題演練,3.[2018貴陽改編]Chineseparentsalwaystrytheirbestagoodeducationenvironmentfortheirkids.A.provideB.toprovideC.providingD.provided,,,[答案]B[解析]考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。tryonesbesttodosth“盡某人最大努力做某事”。故選B。,中考真題演練,5.[2018綏化改編]Wouldyouminddownthemusic?Itstoonoisy.A.turningB.turnC.toturnD.turned6.[2018綏化改編]Mymotherdoesntallowmeoutsidetoolateonschoolnights.A.tostayB.stayC.stayingD.stayed,,,[答案]5.A6.A[解析]考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。allowsbtodosth是固定搭配,此時(shí)動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。故選A。,中考真題演練,7.[2018綏化改編]PeoplearesupposedhandswhentheymeetforthefirsttimeinAmerica.A.shakingB.shakeC.toshakeD.shook8.[2018長春]IgotomygrandparentshomewiththeirhouseworkeverySunday.A.helpB.helpedC.tohelpD.helping,,C,C,中考真題演練,9.[2018百色]—Tom,whyhaveyoudecidedChinesefolkmusicasacourse?—BecauseIlikeChinesecultureverymuch.A.takeB.takenC.takingD.totake10.[2018蘭州]Bobsfathercantstandsoapoperas.HeenjoyssportsgamesonTV.A.watchB.towatchC.watchedD.watching,,D,D,中考真題演練,11.[2018蘭州]Everymorning,Timoftenseesgroupsofmiddle-agedwomeninthesquare.A.danceB.todanceC.dancesD.danced12.[2018廣東]Afterlongyearsofwar,manypeopleinSyriaarehomeless.Ithinkitimportantapeacefulworld.A.buildB.notbuildC.tobuildD.nottobuild,,,[答案]11.A[解析]考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。seesbdosth表示“看見某人做某事”,為固定用法。故選A。12.C[解析]考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。本題中it為形式賓語,不定式tobuild…作真正的賓語。故選C。,中考真題演練,13.[2018盤錦]Evanshadasorethroat.Hisfriendadvisedhimsomehotwater.A.drinkingB.drinkC.todrinkD.drank,,,[答案]C[解析]考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。advisesbtodosth意為“建議某人做某事”。故選C。,中考真題演練,14.[2018阜康、米泉]—Doyoustillrememberthisgroupoffriendsin2013?—Yes.ButIforgotwhereIthem.A.seeing;meetB.tosee;metC.seeing;metD.seeing;meeting,,,[答案]C[解析]考查非謂語動(dòng)詞和賓語從句。rememberdoingsth記得做過某事;remembertodosth記得去做某事。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語in2013可知這是記得過去做過的事,故第一空用動(dòng)名詞seeing。第二空根據(jù)主句謂語forgot可知,賓語從句也用一般過去時(shí),故用met。故選C。,中考真題演練,15.[2018哈爾濱改編]—Imconsideringabroadforfurtherstudy,butIhaventdecidedyet.—YoudbetteraskyourEnglishteacherforsomeadvice.A.goB.togoC.wentD.going,,D,