專題二介詞與介詞短語專題二介詞與介詞短語-2-基礎(chǔ)考法考法1考查介詞的搭配介詞與動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞、其他介詞等的習(xí)慣搭配比較固定,是高考考查的熱點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。考生要準(zhǔn)確掌握同一介詞與不同詞搭配以及不同介詞與同一詞搭配的準(zhǔn)確含義,解題時(shí)要注意把握語境,從而輕松確定答案。在短文改錯(cuò)題中,會(huì)考查一些介詞錯(cuò)用或漏用的題目?！镜湫屠}1】(2016全國(guó)卷)Most of us are more focused our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.解析:be focused on為固定短語,意為“集中于”。故填on?？挤偨Y(jié)高考對(duì)介詞的考查通常以固定搭配的形式進(jìn)行,有時(shí)是考查短語變式的形式,比如本題就是考查focus.on的形容詞短語形式。-3-基礎(chǔ)考法【典型例題2】(2015全國(guó)卷)For those who fly to Guilin,its only an hour away car and offers all the scenery of the better known city.解析:句意:對(duì)于那些乘坐飛機(jī)去桂林的人來說,乘汽車(去陽朔)只需要一個(gè)小時(shí)的車程,而且(陽朔)這里有那座更有名的城市(桂林)的所有景色。by car為固定搭配,意為“乘汽車”。故填by?？挤偨Y(jié)“by+交通工具”表示移動(dòng)方式,意為“乘坐某種交通工具”。根據(jù)空后表示交通工具的名詞car可以推斷此處填by。-4-基礎(chǔ)考法【典型例題3】(2014全國(guó)卷)He reported the case the police and then sat there,lost and lonely in a strange city.解析:句意:他向警察報(bào)告了這一情況,然后坐在那里,在一個(gè)陌生的城市里迷茫而孤獨(dú)。report.to.為固定搭配,意為“向報(bào)告”。考法總結(jié)the police表示行為的對(duì)象,行為對(duì)象前面一般用介詞for或to。根據(jù)動(dòng)詞report可知要填to?！镜湫屠}4】(2014全國(guó)卷)We can lie on the grass for a rest,or sit by the lake listening music.解析:句意:我們可以躺在草地上休息,或者坐在湖邊聽音樂。學(xué)生易受漢語思維影響,listen后直接接賓語。但是,listen為不及物動(dòng)詞,接賓語時(shí)需加介詞to,故在listening后加to?？挤偨Y(jié)listen to.為固定搭配,意為“聽”,to后接“聽”的內(nèi)容。-5-基礎(chǔ)考法考法2考查介詞的基本用法課標(biāo)高考卷對(duì)于介詞基本用法的考查主要出現(xiàn)在語法填空和短文改錯(cuò)中,常以在具體語境中考查高頻介詞的形式出現(xiàn)?！镜湫屠}5】(2017全國(guó)卷)This trend,which was started by the medical community(醫(yī)學(xué)界)a method of fighting heart disease,has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight.解析:as此處表示這一趨勢(shì)最開始被醫(yī)學(xué)界作為與心臟病做斗爭(zhēng)的一種方法。as“作為”?？挤偨Y(jié)as作為介詞,除了用在固定搭配中,單獨(dú)考查也需注意。-6-基礎(chǔ)考法【典型例題6】(2014全國(guó)卷)One morning,I was waiting the bus stop,worried about being late for school.解析:句意:一天早上,我在公共汽車站等車,擔(dān)心上學(xué)遲到。表示出現(xiàn)的場(chǎng)所、位置、空間或地點(diǎn)用介詞at。故填at?？挤偨Y(jié)根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空后為表示較小地點(diǎn)的the bus stop,所以用at。需要注意的是,如果不仔細(xì)理解語境,考生易根據(jù)前面的wait直接填介詞for,從而造成失誤。-7-1.(2016全國(guó)卷改編)In India,for example,most people traditionally eat their hands.2.Researchers say we can accurately judge 90%a strangers personality simply by looking at the persons shoes.3.Sammy walked the car and helped Tom push it forward,but his boots slipped on the warm asphalt(瀝青).with考查基本用法。此處指“在印度大部分人用手抓飯吃”。故填介詞with表示“用,以”。of考查基本用法。根據(jù)空處前的90%和空處后的“a strangers personality”可知,空處前后為所屬關(guān)系。故用介詞of。behind考查基本用法。根據(jù)空后的“push it forward”可知,此處表示走到車的后面推車。故填介詞behind。-8-4.Zhu De was born December 1,1886 to a poor farmers family in a town in Yilong County,a hilly and isolated part of northern Sichuan Province.5.Most caves are formed nature under the ground,and some have entrances people can find.on考查基本用法。此處指“朱德出生的時(shí)間”,表示在具體的某一天。故應(yīng)用介詞on。by考查基本用法。根據(jù)“大部分洞穴是在地下自然形成的”,并結(jié)合空前的“are formed”可以判斷,應(yīng)用介詞by表示“通過方式”。-9-6.To fight terrorism,all the countries should join hands and cooperate a genuine manner.in考查固定搭配。句意:為了打擊恐怖主義,所有的國(guó)家都應(yīng)該聯(lián)手以一種真誠(chéng)的方式合作。in a/an.manner為固定搭配,意為“以一種的方式”。7.I was born in a town called Blackburn,and lived there till I left home the age of eighteen.at考查固定搭配。句意:我出生在一個(gè)叫Blackburn的小鎮(zhèn),直到18歲我才離開那兒。at the age of為固定搭配,意為“在歲時(shí)”。-10-8.According to the World Health Organization,about 200 million people suffer malaria around the world.9.She also goes to other countries where people cannot afford this treatment and helps them free.from考查固定搭配。句意:據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織調(diào)查,全世界大約有2億人得過瘧疾。suffer from為固定搭配,意為“(因疾病、痛苦等)受折磨”。for考查固定搭配。此處表示“她免費(fèi)幫助那些承擔(dān)不起這種治療(費(fèi)用)的人”,for free意為“免費(fèi)”,為固定搭配。故用介詞for。10.(2016天津卷改編)Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she gave voice her opinion on the subject.to考查固定搭配。give voice to sth為固定搭配,意為“表達(dá)對(duì)某事物的想法”。-11-1.Unfortunately,my efforts ended in failure because another friend Amy carelessly let out of my plan.2.I would be grateful if you could be so kind to provide me for the information and Im looking forward to your early reply.3.After that,everyone enjoyed the sweet birthday cake and shared with my happiness.刪除oflet out意為“泄露”,為固定短語,后接賓語。forwithprovide sb with sth為固定短語,意為“把某物提供給某人”。刪除withshare意為“分享”,為及物動(dòng)詞,可直接接賓語,無須加介詞。-12-4.We never know one minute on the stage takes away ten years of practice.5.Many people view sailing for romantic and relaxing.6.The good thing about children is that they adapt very easily new environments.刪除away句意:我們從來不知道臺(tái)上一分鐘,臺(tái)下十年功。此處的take是及物動(dòng)詞,意為“花費(fèi)”。take away意為“拿走”,不符合句意。foras句意:很多人覺得出海航行是浪漫悠閑的。view.as.意為“把看作”,是固定搭配。在easily后加to句意:關(guān)于孩子們好的方面就是他們能很輕松地適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境。adapt to意為“適應(yīng)”,為固定搭配。-13-7.Not having promoted the new digital camera successfully,the company should reflect its original marketing methods.8.Be careful!Dont let the false information on your mobile phone take you out.9.Nowadays when it comes at diet and exercise,people all know what to do.在reflect后加on句意:由于沒有成功推銷這款新的數(shù)碼相機(jī),公司應(yīng)該反思最初的營(yíng)銷方式。reflect on意為“思考;反思”,為固定搭配。outin句意:當(dāng)心!別被你手機(jī)上的虛假信息給騙了。take in意為“欺騙”,為固定搭配。atto句意:當(dāng)今,一談到飲食和鍛煉,人們都知道怎么去做。when it comes to.是固定句式,意為“一談到”。-14-10.After studying in a medical college for five years,Jane took over her job as a doctor in the countryside.overup句意:在醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)了五年后,簡(jiǎn)在鄉(xiāng)下做了一名醫(yī)生。表示“開始從事”應(yīng)用take up。故將over改為up。-15-One day,I was walking in the street when I noticed a woman 1.(come)up to me with a nervous smile and said,“Sir,can you help a person out?I havent eaten for almost two days.”I handed 2.(she)a few quarters and watched her walk away.That area was so poor and 3.(rule)by drugs and crimes that I walked to the corner and stopped by the door of the ATM machine(自動(dòng)取款機(jī)).Then I 4.(walk)inside and made sure that no one came in behind me.-16-I put my card into the machine and deposited my money with a sigh of relief.5.I turned to leave,I saw a wallet sitting on another machine.I had a look at it,the name on the licence was one I could not pronounce,but whoever he was,he was going to get into a panic over a wallet 6.his identification in it being lost in this city.-17-I put it in my pocket and went home.In my apartment,I checked the online phone book 7.(find)out whether there was someone who matched the name on the cards in the wallet,but without luck.I picked up the bank card and had 8.thought.Because I wanted to help the guy,I called his bank.But the girl over the phone said they could not give out any personal information about their clients.So I left my contact information with her and asked her to tell the 9.(own)to contact me.Two days later,a gentleman who is 10.(thank)appeared at my office and I gave him back his wallet.I smiled all day long.Doing good for others does good for you.-18-【解題導(dǎo)語】本文講述了作者幫助他人的一次經(jīng)歷,并且作者從這次經(jīng)歷中認(rèn)識(shí)到行善就是對(duì)自己好。ing句意:一天,我正走在大街上,這時(shí)注意到一位女士面帶緊張的微笑向我走來。notice sb doing sth表示“注意到某人正在做某事”。2.her句意:我遞給了她一些錢并看著她走遠(yuǎn)。設(shè)空處做handed的賓語,應(yīng)用代詞的賓格,she的賓格為her。3.ruled句意:那個(gè)地區(qū)很窮,而且被毒品和犯罪活動(dòng)控制著。根據(jù)句意及設(shè)空后的by可知應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),前面有and連接。故填ruled。4.walked句意:于是我走進(jìn)去并確信沒有人尾隨我。與上下文時(shí)態(tài)一致,應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。-19-5.When/As句意:當(dāng)我轉(zhuǎn)身要離開時(shí),我看到另一臺(tái)取款機(jī)上有一個(gè)錢包。逗號(hào)后是主句,故設(shè)空處應(yīng)該用連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。故填When或As。6.with句意:無論他是誰,都會(huì)為這個(gè)錢包陷入恐慌,因?yàn)檫@個(gè)里面有他的身份證明的錢包,在這樣的城市里丟失了。表示錢包里有什么東西,用介詞with。7.to find句意:在我的公寓里,為了找出是否有人跟錢包里卡上的名字相配,我核對(duì)了網(wǎng)上的電話簿。設(shè)空處在句中充當(dāng)目的狀語,應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式。8.ahave a thought為固定搭配,意為“想了想”。9.owner設(shè)空處前有定冠詞the,故此處用名詞,根據(jù)句意“請(qǐng)她告訴錢包的主人跟我聯(lián)系?！笨芍鸢笧閛wner。-20-10.thankful句意:兩天后,一位紳士感激地出現(xiàn)在我的辦公室。設(shè)空處做is的表語,應(yīng)用形容詞。故填thankful。