中國英語教師網(wǎng)資源 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)I 單元教學(xué)目標(biāo)TopicsInventions;patent applications;great inventorsGoalsTalk about inventors and inventionsLearn about the stages used in scientific researchLearn to use the past participle as the attributeWrite a letter asking for a jobII 目標(biāo)語言功能句式（Making a telephone call）Hold the line, please.Hang on, please.Just a moment, please.Im sorry, but this phone is out of order.I cant get through. Sorry.He / She isnt here right now.Can I ring back later?Ill ring him / her up again.I must ring off now because 詞匯1. 四會(huì)詞匯discovery, patent, distinguish, product, power, perfume, cube, abrupt, abruptly, convenient, expectation, monitor, passive, criterion, valid, application, file, committee, bear, jam, mess, forehead, dot, tap, wire, straw, current, importance, helicopter, triangle, stable, practical, refrigerator, court, version2. 認(rèn)讀詞匯amphibious, Stephenson, George Stephenson, jelly, freezer, overnight, release, recognition, claim, rod, precede, Alexander Graham Bell, microphone, occasionally, multiple, Morse code, inspiration, reproduce, tetrahedron, invaluable, James Dyson3. 詞組call up, now and then, set about, in case, traffic jam, beaten track, dive into, set out (to do), in truth, hang on, out of order, get through, ring back, ring off4重點(diǎn)詞匯discovery, convenient, distinguish, application, expectation, importance, practical, bear重 點(diǎn) 句 子1. The first thing I tried to do was to see if there were products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes. P202. Between the outside and inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly, which freezes hard when cooled. P203. The criteria are so strict that it is difficult for new ideas to be accepted unless they are truly novel. P214. Nor will you receive a patent until a search has been made to find out that your product really is different from everybody elses. P215. He found that by pressing his lips against his mothers forehead, he could make the bones move in such a way that she could understand what he was saying. P256. He designed a machine that would separate different sound waves and allow different conversations to be held at the same time. P257. Although he will always be known for his invention of the telephone, he was in truth a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybodys life. P26III. 教材分析與教材重組1. 教材分析本單元以Inventors and inventions為話題，旨在通過單元教學(xué)，使學(xué)生能了解發(fā)明和發(fā)現(xiàn)的區(qū)別，了解發(fā)明創(chuàng)造的過程和獲得專利的條件，學(xué)習(xí)發(fā)明家的成功事例；能靈活運(yùn)用基礎(chǔ)句型描述中外古代和現(xiàn)代發(fā)明，談?wù)摬煌l(fā)明的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)及其現(xiàn)實(shí)意義；根據(jù)不同問題及條件設(shè)計(jì)、改進(jìn)發(fā)明并闡述自己的觀點(diǎn)；能寫出一封有創(chuàng)新的求職申請(qǐng)，闡述自己的特長和優(yōu)勢，能對(duì)別人的發(fā)明、創(chuàng)造或觀點(diǎn)提出意見或建議；并能運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)利用現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中有限材料進(jìn)行發(fā)明創(chuàng)造。1.1 Warming Up 提供了三幅不同發(fā)明或發(fā)現(xiàn)的圖片，讓學(xué)生運(yùn)用已有的知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，區(qū)分發(fā)明和發(fā)現(xiàn)的不同含義；并能與同伴合作描述現(xiàn)代發(fā)明在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的作用。1.2Pre-Reading要求學(xué)生將課本所列關(guān)于進(jìn)行科學(xué)研究或發(fā)明創(chuàng)造所必須經(jīng)歷的幾個(gè)階段(步驟或過程)進(jìn)行正確的排序。了解每一項(xiàng)發(fā)明在得到社會(huì)承認(rèn)前都必須經(jīng)歷一個(gè)過程。1.3READING是一篇記敘性的文章。作者在文中詳細(xì)介紹了從發(fā)現(xiàn)問題(snake trouble)、分析問題(products that might help)到解決問題(remove the snakes)的全過程，并介紹了專利申請(qǐng)方面的一些知識(shí)。1.4Comprehending第一個(gè)訓(xùn)練題要求學(xué)生根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容回答問題；第二個(gè)訓(xùn)練要求學(xué)生運(yùn)用科學(xué)步驟設(shè)計(jì)一項(xiàng)發(fā)明解決課本所提供的三個(gè)問題，并與同學(xué)交流觀點(diǎn)。第三個(gè)訓(xùn)練題要求學(xué)生通過進(jìn)行角色表演活動(dòng)，學(xué)會(huì)對(duì)某一發(fā)明做出評(píng)價(jià)并確定其能束獲得專利。1.5Learning about Language 分兩部分。第一部分要求學(xué)生利用填空、改寫句子的方式復(fù)習(xí)所學(xué)詞匯及表達(dá)法。第二部分重點(diǎn)練習(xí)過去分詞作定語的用法。1.6 Using Language分成四部分。第一部分Reading要求學(xué)生閱讀一篇介紹發(fā)明家Alexander Graham Bell的文章并回答有關(guān)問題，了解電話發(fā)明者貝爾的發(fā)明及其成功的原因。第二部分Listening and Speaking是一段關(guān)于Zhou Rui對(duì)一家發(fā)明公司的工程師進(jìn)行電話采訪的聽力材料。要求學(xué)生掌握電話交談常用表達(dá)；并在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行角色扮演活動(dòng)，即求職者與公司考核人員之間的電話交談。第三部分Writing要求學(xué)生寫一封求職信，列舉自己的優(yōu)勢、特長和工作經(jīng)歷向這家發(fā)明公司提出求職申請(qǐng)。分課時(shí)教案The First Period SpeakingTeaching goals 教學(xué)目標(biāo)1. Target language ：discovery, application, evaluate, presentation, alternative, messenger, get together, make a case for, add up2. Ability goals Enable the students to talk about information and different.3. Learning ability goals Help the students learn how to talk about inventions and discoveries.Teaching important & difficult points How to talk about inventions and discoveries.Teaching methods Discussion.Teaching aids A computer and a projector.Teaching procedures & ways Step I Warming upTalk about inventions and discoveries.T: The importance of inventions to social progress can never be changed. Each invention carries the world a step forward and provides stimulation for later ones. Whit inventions turning up all the time, our world is always taking on a new look. But do you know what an invention is?S1: The creation of something newS2: A creation (a new device or process) resulting from study and experimentation.S3: The creation of new things.Ask the students to talk about the pictures with the teachers help, and then discuss the first two questions.T: And what is a discovery? Whats the difference between a discovery and an invention? Now look at the pictures on page 1. Work in pairs and talk about the three different things, telling them apart and giving reasons.Show the following.1. Which o these pictures show inventions? Does any of them show discoveries?2. Work out two rules that will help you decide what is a discovery and what is an invention?S1: I think the first two are inventions, i. e. the amphibious car and Stevensons “Rocket” while the last picture about the DNA is a kind of discovery. Because the first two products were quite new to people at that time and no one had ever seen or designed such kind of vehicles before though some others had made similar cars or machines which had less functions and advantages as these two. I think the picture about the DNA is a kind of scientific discovery in biology because such cells and their structure do exist in living creatures and they have been found out by a certain scientist and are made known to the public nowadays. So I think a discovery is something existing before but unknown while an invention is something unknown and not existing before.S2: I think the first two pictures show us great human inventions about the transportation because they were invented by people for certain purposes and they had special advantages and could satisfy peoples needs in some ways. On the other hand the third picture showing the formation of DNA is a kind of discovery because these special cells exist and function in the body of life all the time no matter who discovers it or when and where it is discovered. In my opinion a discovery is something found out or brought to view now but it was unknown before while an invention is something created or designed by people, which is completely new not only now but in the past.T: Well, from these pictures we can see that there lies differences between a discovery and an invention. There are certain rules or questions you should pay attention to while distinguishing them. Did it exist in the past? Is it created or developed by people? An invention is something that is created by a human being, such as the lightning rod. To the contrary, a discovery merely makes known something that already existed in nature, such as the discovery on the New Continent by Columbia. OK. Lets go on with some other questions of this part. You may talk with your partner first before we have a check five minutes later.Show the following.What modern inventions do you know? Describe them to your partner and how useful they are in life today.S1: Adidas 1 is the thinking shoes with a built-in microprocessor that decides how soft or firm the wearer needs the support. It has been chosen by Popular Science magazine as the best recreation invention of 2004. It is very comfortable to wear it all day without worrying about your toes being hurt and you can adjust the height and stiffness according to your demands whenever you want and wherever you go. Thus it is a very practical choice for both the young and the old when having exciting sports outdoors or resting at home during holidays.S2: Camera phones have opened up a new way to communicate. Because many of them look like regular cell phones, you can snap pictures as discreetly as any spy and, with the push of a few buttons, pop them into an e-mail or upload them to the Web in less than a minute. No wires or to the Web in less than a minute. No wires or computer hookups necessary. To be sure, most camera phones end up taking pictures of friends family, babies and pets. But they have also been used to snap pictures of VIPs at private parties, copy recipes from cookbooks at bookstores and even document crimes in progress. But with an estimated 80 million camera phones sold in 2003, 6 million in the U. S. alone the cat may already be out of the camera bag. Like it or not, these camera phones have been very popular and widely used by people even today.S3: A kind of robot heart called AbioCor was invented in 2001. On July 2, 2001, the 59-year-old grandfather and retired librarian Robert Tools became the first human to get one. Its been long since the operation, and Tools new heart is still beating. He can walk a city block without stopping and hes even making plans for the future. Though not everybody needs a new heart, hundreds of thousands eventually may. Nor will an artificial heart rid the world of sickness or poverty or terror. But sometimes it really helps.T: Very good! I am glad to see that all of you have known so many modern inventions both at home and abroad and you have thought a lot about them. Its certain that modern discoveries and inventions do have great effects in peoples life and can always represent the advanced science and technology, so you should to distinguish them and make good use of them.Step II TalkingT: Suppose you are working for a mobile company. It is your job to suggest new ways of developing a mobile. In pairs discuss some new applications of a mobile. Make a list of the ones you like and that seem the most useful. Choose one you both like and think will be popular with other people. Now work in groups of four to discuss the question.S1: I suggest the new applications of mobile should be: portable entertainment players, cameras, membership and loyalty cards, guidebooks, maps, tickets, watches, and devices for accessing everything from news to corporate databases. Among them, we like the applications of devices for accessing everything from news to corporate databases. We both think they are useful and will soon be popular with others in the near future because the ability will enable a whole class of workers to rely less on their memory and more on their companys and even worlds knowledge maintenance, sales construction, transportation, taxicab drivers, and many other workers spend a great deal of time from offices. Thus, when they need information, they must either have it in their heads or stop what they are doing and make a pone call.S2: I think the new mobiles can be developed better with 4G to listen to the radio, watch TV, play games, do shopping, chat on the QQ, surf the internet, control the electrical equipment at home in the distance, give off harmless rays and be used as computers with special operating systems which can do business, have fun and work as intelligent P4 computers. Among them, we like the new application of surfing the internet and doing shopping and we both think they are useful and will soon be popular among youngsters because it is very convenient for people to find various useful information whenever and wherever possible. As there are different kinds of goods to choose from online and its very funny and exciting to make choices and buy what we need at a reasonable price without going out and bargain with sellers in the markets.T: Very good. Now get together with another pair to discuss whether your suggestion is a good one. Make a case for your idea. Let the other pair evaluate it. Then swap so that you evaluate their idea. Decide which idea you like better and prepare to explain it. Then present it to the class.S1: I think the first classmates expectation that the mobile phones can do so much, maybe more than they can offer. The mobile phones usually have limited size and capacity. So I think it will take time before the mobiles are designed to meet his needs.S2: I think its practical and meaningful for the second classmate to develop the mobiles in that way. Though it has been used in some ways but we can do better because every day we have much information to look for and different types of things to do and the smart mobile can make it more convenient for us to achieve our goals in life.T: Now, Id like you to discuss in groups and try to tell the other about your ideas and the others who act as the leaders of the company may ask some questions for him or her to answer. Then Id like some of you to report your group work.Five minutes later.(L=Leader of the company)S: I think the new mobiles can be developed better with 4G to watch TV and do shopping on the internet.L1: Well, have you thought about the cost of this kind of new mobile which has a large capacity and such functions.S: Yes. Ill make a good survey of the international electronic markets in advance and try to reduce the cost as much as possible.L2: Are you sure of the security measures of using these mobiles, especially when they are used to shop on the internet.S: Sure. Ill keep the new mobiles designed so in order that they will give warning messages whenever there is misleading information or dishonesty in selling and buying things on the internet.L3: I think it would be difficult for the new mobile of limited size to be used to watch live broadcast and pick out all sorts of goods on the internet. Have you taken these into consideration?S: Yes. Now, I come to realize that I have to design the mobiles with larger screens, which can make it more convenient and comfortable for the users. Thank you!T: Very good! I can see all of you have done a good job in the presentation. Next I want you to evaluate the ideas using the following criteria. First, do you know about the words, Such as originality and quality argument?S: Yes, originality just means the quality of being new and interesting and quality argument just means different opinions about the quality of the product.T: Quite right! Now lets look at the criteria and go on with the next step.Show the followingScoreTeam 1Team 2Team 3Team 4Idea1- 4Originality1- 4Usefulness1- 4Presentation1- 4Quality of argument1- 4Total score5- 20After each group has taken part, add up the scores and award the contract to the winner!T: Next, Id like to divide you into four teams and the leader of the company will write down the scores according to the criteria while helping everyone present the ideas. At last the winner will be awarded in class.Step III SPEAKING TASK (若時(shí)間不足，可作為課后作業(yè))T: Leonardo da Vinci was not only a painter, but a true inventor. Now look at the picture in 1 on page 68. Id like you to work in pairs and discuss what this invention of Leonardo da Vinci was. Several alternative explanations are provided, but only one is correct. Be prepared to give your ideas to the class with your reasons.S: I think its a kind of water slide because we can clearly see the long slide way connecting the water tower, equipment on the roof of the building and the base on the ground. If there is a lack of water down on the ground, the working machine will be used so carry water from the tower above to the ground along the slide way. Just so, this specially fixed machine can also carry water up to store in the tower if the water on the ground is more than needed. This kind of invention is really useful especially in some dry or mountainous areas.T: Good! You are very creative in thinking about the use of the machine in different cases and from this we can see Leonard da Vinci is really a great inventor. He contributed to peoples everyday life besides painting wonderful pictures. Well, lets go on with Activity 2. Please look at the pictures and read the instructions below, discuss in groups and finish the exercises.Sample answers:What was its possible use? Why?When and where did it appear in Europe?1. Its possible use is calculation because it is usually called “the Chinese computer” by foreigners.About the middle of the 15th in Russia2. Its possible use is to spread the development of culture because it is usually used to print papers for people to read.About the late 15th Germany3. Its possible use is to tell the exact time because it is invented with hands of hour, second and minute.About the 17th FranceStep IV ProjectT: “Creativity is the soul of a nation and an inexhaustible source of a countrys prosperity.” Chinese former President Jiang Zemin said in the speech delivered on November 24 to the scientific and technological community in the Science City of Novosibirsk. As a young generation, every one of us should be creative and inventive in order to contribute more to make our country richer and more beautiful. Now, please look at the project exercise on page 69. Id like you first read the introductions and then discuss in pairs about the pictures and solutions to the problems. Finally Id like someone to present your work.One possible solution:S: In this kind of situation, I will have to use the sticks and ropes to make a fishing rod with the nails made in shape of hooks. I will cut the pumpkin or the nuts on the trees into halves so as to make a water container. And as for the shelter Id use the piece of cloth combined with sticks, ropes and nails. I will have to need a magnifying glass found on the island to focus the heat on the leaves and wood so that there will be much smoke rising from the fire caused by the strong light and heat from the sun. If Im not lucky enough to be saved by someone, I would have to use the ropes cut by the knife to link the pieces of wood together so as to make a raft as means of escape.T: Good! You all have good imaginations and you have known much about how to design and make effective inventions especially in emergency. I am very proud of you and Im sure you will do more research about the inventions after class until you make them perfect.Step V HomeworkAsk the students to do the following.1. Search for more information about mobiles on the Internet.2. Prepare for the listening part on page 26.The Second Period ListeningTeaching goals 1. Target language：refrigerator, court, version, hang on, out of order, get through, ring back, ring offHang on, please.Im sorry, but this phone is out of order.I cant get through.I must ring off now becauseCan I ring back later2. Ability goals Enable the students to listen to the description o mobile phones and make a telephone interview3. Learning ability goals Help the students learn how to listen to the description of mobile phones and make a telephone interviewTeaching important & difficult points How to talk about inventions and discoveries.Teaching methods Listening and cooperative learningTeaching aids A computer and a projector, a recorderTeaching procedures & ways Step I Revision and lead-inGreet the Ss as usual.Talk about the applications of mobilesT: Telephone is really a great invention in human history. With it, we can talk with friends, families or others far away from. Suppose you want to apply for a job in James Dysons company in England. The quickest and cheapest way may be a telephone conversation. So you ring up one of his engineers to ask what kind of person he needs. Now work in pairs and make a telephone conversation with your partner. Remember to ask for as much information as you can. Of course, we have learned about how to make telephone calls in English. Who can give me some examples?S: I will try. When making a telephone call, we often say: Hello! Is that speaking? Yes, this is Can I take a