.一、代詞1、 人稱代詞和物主代詞英語的人稱代詞（Personal Pronoun）有三種不同的人稱形式：第一人稱（First Person）；第二人稱（Second Person）；第三人稱（Third Person）。三種人稱又各有單、復數(shù)形式。.在上列人稱代詞的不同形式中，還包含了主格（Subjective Case）、賓格（Objective Case）兩種“格”的形式。這樣，從“格”的形式來劃分，英語的人稱代詞又可歸納為：主格：I，you，he，she，it，we，you，they賓格：me，you，him，her，it，us，you，them此外，還有所有格形式。屬格：my，mine，your，yours，his，her，hers，its，our，ours，their，theirs 屬格又可分為兩類：一類是形容詞性物主代詞（my，your，his，her，its，our，their）即 “物主限定詞”；另一類是名詞性物主代詞（mine，yours，his，hers，ours，theirs），即 “物主代詞”。人稱代詞第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)復數(shù)單數(shù)復數(shù)單數(shù)復數(shù)主格Iweyouyoushe he itthey賓格meusyouyouher him itthem物主代詞形物代myouryouryourher his itstheir名物代mineoursyoursyourshers/his/itstheirs人稱代詞用法：（1） 人稱代詞主格：做主語，表示誰怎么樣了，干什么了。I am a teacher.You are student.He is a student , too.We/You/They are student.（2） 人稱代詞賓格：作賓語，表示動作行為的對象，一般放在動詞的后面。Give it to me.Lets go.(lets=let is)（3） 形容詞性物主代詞（my/your/his/her/its/our/their）+名詞。（4） 而名詞性物主代詞（mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/theirs）則相當于形容詞性物主代詞+名詞，故其后不必加名詞。如：-Is this your book?-No,it isnt,its hers(her book).its Jims,its Toms.名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞為避免重復使用名詞，有時可用“名詞性物主代詞”來代替“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”的形式。例：My bag is yellow, her bag is red, his bag is blue and your bag is pink. 為避免重復使用bag，可寫成My bag is yellow, hers is red, his is blue and yours is pink. 練習：1._(我) am a teacher.2.My father is talking with _(我).3.This is _(我的) book.4._(他的) chair is blue.5._(我們的) classroom is big.6._(他) often plays basketball after school.7._(他的) teacher is good.8._(我們) buy a pair of shoes for _(他).9.Please pass_(我們) the ball.10._(他們) are listening to the radio.11._(我) am a teacher.12.This is _(她的) bag. That is_(他的)13._(他的) cap is blue. _( 我們的) are yellow.14.Our chair is better than _ ( they).15.I will give the presents to_(they).16.These books are_(I), and those are_(you).17.My ruler is long. _ ( you ) is short.18.My bike is broken. May I borrow_ ( she)?19.Can you show _(I) your book?20.Its time for _(they) to go home.21.Mr. Green often tells _(we) some stories.22.These are not your desks. They are _(our).23.This is not my shirt. Its _(he)24.I saw _(she) in the shop yesterday. 參考答案：1. I 2. me 3. my 4. His 5. Our 6. He 7. His 8. We, him 9. us 10. They 11.I 12. her, his 13. His, ours 14. theirs 15. them 16. mine, yours 17. yours 18. hers 19. me 20. them 21. us 22. ours 23. his 24. Her人稱代詞和物主代詞練習：（一）用代詞的適當形式填空。1There is a letter for_ (her 、hers) mother. 2That is _(she ) coat. The coat is red.  _(it)is a new one. 3Whose pens are these? _(their) are _ (we). 4Give _(he) a toy, please. 5_(we) eyes are black. 6Tim and Bill are twins. _(them) parents are teachers. 7Give the book to _(I ). 8These books are _(we). 9That is not _ kite. That kite is very small, but _ is very big.( I )10The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she )11Is this _ watch? (you) No, its not _ . ( I )12_ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he )2、指示代詞（1）this“這” ,其復數(shù)形式 these “這些” ,指代近處的人或物體 ;（2）that“那” ,其復數(shù)形式 those“那些” ,指代遠處的人或物。3、指示代詞 this that these those 作主語,一般疑問句的簡略回答（1）Is this / that your aunt ? Yes , it is . No , it isnt .簡略回答時,用主格代詞 it 代替（2）Are these / those your uncles ? Yes , they are . No , they arent .簡略回答時,用主格代詞 they 代替單句變復句,把句子中單數(shù)詞變成復數(shù)詞。1、This is my friend . _ _ _ _my _2、That is his parent . _ _ _ _his _3、She is her cousin . _ _ _ _her _用所給的詞選擇填空1、These are pens and _ are pencils. (that, this, those)2、Tom was sick yesterday. _ is why he missed school. ( That, Those, These) 3、Which of_shirts are Tom's ( These, this, that)4、This desk is mine, _is hers. ( those, this, that)5、The map of Beijing is better than _of Tianjing. (this, that, these).二、名詞名詞: 名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。1、不可數(shù)名詞:表示的事物,其數(shù)量不可以數(shù)清或者難以數(shù)清。例如:l water “水” , “水”的數(shù)量不可以數(shù)清; rice “大米,谷?！?, 其數(shù)量難以數(shù)清。不可數(shù)名詞用法上有兩大特點:l (1)、沒有復數(shù)形式;l (2)、不能用不定冠詞 a / an 、基數(shù)詞、many 修飾。2、可數(shù)名詞:表示的事物,其數(shù)量可以數(shù)清 ?？蓴?shù)名詞用法上的特點:l (1)、有單數(shù)、復數(shù)兩種形式;l (2)、能用不定冠詞 a / an 、基數(shù)詞、many 修飾。3、單數(shù)名詞后加 s 或 es 變成復數(shù)名詞。單數(shù)名詞后加 s 或 es 的方法如下:l (1)、 一般情況,名詞后直接加 s (清輔音后讀 / s /, 濁輔音后讀/ z /)例如: parents“雙親” ;aunts“阿姨” ;friends“朋友”l (2)、以字母 e 結(jié)尾的名詞,直接加 s (讀 / z /) 例如:uncles“叔叔” ;pictures“圖畫”l (3)、以字母 O 結(jié)尾的名詞,有的加 s ,有的加 es (讀 / z /)例如: photos“照片” ;tomatoes“西紅柿” ;l (4)、以“輔音字母 + y”結(jié)尾的名詞,變 y 為 i,加 es (讀 / z /)例如:family families; party partiesl (5)、以 s x ch sh 結(jié)尾名詞,直接加 es(讀 / Iz/) 例如:buses“公共汽車” boxes“盒子” wishes“希望” watches“手表” l (6)、少數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的,有特殊形式。man men woman women people people childchildrenl (7)knife的復數(shù)形式是knivesl 4、名詞所有格 :表示“某人的” , 名詞 + 或 s 構(gòu)成 。其規(guī)則如下:l (1)、一般情況下,名詞后直接加 s: Jims (吉姆的); my mothers(我的母親的)l 2、以 s 結(jié)尾的復數(shù)名詞,直接加 : my friends (我的朋友的);his studentsl 3、一個人或物屬各自所有，或者幾個人共有,變成所有格。l Jims and Kates aunts 吉姆的阿姨和凱特的阿姨l Jim and Kates birthday 吉姆和凱特(共有)的生日一、寫出下列詞的復數(shù)形式am_ is_ he _ she _ it _ that_this_ you_ pen_ desk_ key_ orange_ boy_ friend_ parent_ class _ child_ shelf _ bed _ radio_ photo_ tomato_ woman _ man _ strawberry _ dictionary _ box _ watch _二、選擇填空( )1.There _ on the wall .They are very beautiful. A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo D. is photos ( )2. The old man wants_ . A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of apple C. six box of apples D. six boxs of apples( )3. There _two _in the box. A. is ,watch B. are ,watches C. are , watch D. is , watches( )4. The _ meeting room is near the reading room. A. teacher B. teachers C. teachers D. teachers( )5._ shirt is white. A. My brother B. My brothers C. My brothers D. My brothers( )6. Today is September 10th. It is _ Day. A. Teachers B. Teachers C. the Teachers D. Teachers( )7. It's June 1st, it's _ Day. A. Childrens B. Childrens C. Childrens' D. Childrens's ( )8. This year, _ is on May 9th. A. my mother's birthday B. my mothers' brithday C. my mothers birthday D. my mothers's birthday ( )9. This is _ . A. Mike and Jim's bikeB. Mike's and Jim bike C. Mike's and Jim's bike D.Mike and Jim bike 三、變換句型（把下列句子變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)句）。l This is my friend. l 2. This is a table. l 3.That is her brother. l 4.This is a book. l 5.That is an eraser. l 6.It is a red orange. l 7.He is a teacher. l 8. Whats this? 四、按中文意思填空l 1. _(李明的)parents work in a big hospital.l 2. This is _ (我妹妹的) Chinese book.l 3. _ (我的姐姐和弟弟的)rooms are very nice.l 4. _ (王平和王明的) father is a hotel manager.l 5. Is this _(你的好朋友的)pen ?l 6. They are_(Peter 和Sam的) teachers.l 7. _(教師節(jié)) is on September 10th. .l 8. _(學生們的) desks and chairs are very new.l 9. _(趙敏的) shoes are white.l 10. _(John和Sally的)mothers are American.l 11. _(Tony哥哥的)computer is broken.l 12、Its _(婦女節(jié)) on March 8th.三、冠詞只有不定冠詞a (an)和定冠詞the 兩個，不用冠詞叫零冠詞。1、不定冠詞a和an ：a用在輔音前，如 a pen a chair an 用在元音前。an old teacher an English book 注意輔音字母第一個音是元音的情況：F H L M N S X這七個字母的第一個音是元音在說一個以上字母時要用an ,如an“F” (一個F) 同時注意字母U,它是元音字母，但它的第一個音是輔音，因此說一個U，應為 a “U”2、定冠詞the：當一個名詞第二次出現(xiàn)時前面用the 。注意在三餐飯（breakfast、 lunch 、dinner ）前不用the ,月份和星期前都不用the ,體育活動的球類運動前面不用the 。如:have dinner in January December Sunday play basketballplay tennis (volleyball soccer Ping Pong chess baseball) 3、如單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前有this、that、my等代詞修飾時，則不再使用a或an。 冠詞練習l ( )1. There is _ art room in the building. A. a B. an C. the D. / l ( )2. -What color is _ orange? - Its _ orange. A. an, the B. /, an C. an, / D. /, thel ( )3. There is_ “u” and _ “s” in the word “rulers”. A. a, a B. an, a C. a, an D. an, anl ( )4. Its not _English book. A. a B. an C. the D. / l ( )5. I have _ very interesting book. It is about_ exciting game. A. an, the B. the, a C. a, an D. a, al ( )6Is that your _ ? Aa picture Bpicture Cpictures Dnice picturesl ( )7Are _ Kates _? Athis, book Bthat，book Cthese，books Dthose，bookl ( ) 8.Thats _ art book. A. an B. a C. the D are四、數(shù)量詞l 1、基數(shù)詞 one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen l 2、序數(shù)詞 first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth l 口訣：1、first, second, third特殊記；4到19加th,注意fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfthl 2、整數(shù)則是去y變ie, 加th， 如：twentieth；l 3、表示“幾十幾”，整數(shù)為基數(shù)詞，個數(shù)為序數(shù)詞 如：thirty-third fifty-fifthl 數(shù)詞練習l 1、Mr Green has _ ( two ) daughters .l 2、Kate is Mr Greens _ ( one ) daughter.l 3、There are _ ( twelve ) months in a year.l 4、March is the _ ( three ) month of a year .l 5、They have _ ( twenty ) computers.l 6、I can afford _ ( eight ) sweaters .l 7、 Mr Greens _ ( nine) store is very big .l 8、-How old is your friend ?l -She is _( 12)years old . .l 9、-How old is her father?l - He is _(30) years old . l 10. January the_month of a year.l 11、February the_month of a year.l 12、April the_month of a year.l 13、May the_month of a year .l 14、August the_month of a year.l 15、December the_month of a year.五、介詞介詞：本冊的介詞較少，主要用在介詞短語里面，如l on：on sale (銷售) on April 8th, (在四月八日) on the desk (在桌子上) on TV (在電視上)l in：in English (用英語) in the afternoon (在下午) in the case (在盒子里) T-shirt in red (紅色T恤) be in the movie（出演這部電影） in September (在九月)be in our school music festival （參加我們學校的音樂節(jié)）l at：call sb.at 3356 (撥打3356找某人) at your school (在你們學校里) at Huaxing Clothes Store （在華興服裝店） at a very good price (以非常優(yōu)惠的價格) at six (六點鐘) have a look at (看一看) l of：a set of (一串) the photo of your family (你的全家照) lots of =a lot of (許多) date of birth（birthday）(生日)l with：with sb. (同某人一起) be good with (和相處得好) help sb. with sth. (幫助某人做某事)l for：thanks for =thank you for (謝謝某人的.) bag for sports (運動包) pants for $30(賣30元的褲子) see for yourself (親自看看) for girls (對女孩子來說) like sth. for lunch (喜歡吃當作午餐)l about：about Chinese history (有關(guān)中國歷史)l under：under the desk (在桌子下面)六、形容詞l 本冊所學的形容詞不多，注意拼法和反義詞l big (small) l long (short) l sad (happy) l boring (interestingfunny )l exciting l difficult l relaxing great l healthy l old (new) l white (black)七、副詞副詞：除疑問副詞外，本冊的副詞有only too very well often also really 副詞only often also really 等在句中的位置都是在行為動詞前面或是系動詞的后面。注意幾組詞的區(qū)別：1、too 和also ：too一般放在句子的末尾，also在行為動詞前面或是系動詞的后面。2、well 和 good ：兩個詞都有“好”的意思，但well 是副詞，而good 是形容詞，well修飾動詞，放在動詞的后面，good 修飾名詞，放在名詞的前面。如play basketball well speak English well a good student Good morning 八、連詞連詞：本冊所學連詞有and but or then and 連接兩個詞或兩個句子，表示前后的句子意思順接。如：I like thrillers and I like action movies but 連接兩個句子，表示后面意思轉(zhuǎn)折。如：He likes tomatoes but she doesnt like broccolisor 表示選擇關(guān)系。如：Can you play the piano or the violin? then表示動作的先后順序。本冊所學的祈使句類型有l(wèi) Spell it, please.l Please take these things to your sister.l Lets play ping-pong. (tennisbasketballvolleyball)l Come and buy your clothes.l Have a look at Huaxing Clothes Store.九、動詞及句型轉(zhuǎn)換l 1、 動詞的種類(四類) l （1）系動詞：如 be動詞(is am are)；become，sound等 l （2）情態(tài)動詞如 can 、may、need；l （3）助動詞（ do does）；l （4）行為動詞如 take 、bring、eat、have(has)、like、sell、buy、play、see、go、watch 等 l 2、 動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)（與名詞的復數(shù)一樣 ） l 如 eat(eats) take (takes) buy (buys) play (plays) have(has) is (are) l 3、 動詞的時態(tài)（一般現(xiàn)在時 ）l （ 1）含有be動詞的 l 有be動詞的句子在變一般疑問句時，將be動詞放到句首，（注意第一人稱變?yōu)榈诙朔Q Are you a Chinese boy ? Is she twelve ? Is he Tims brother ?l 含有be動詞的句子在變否定句時只須在“be 動詞后+not”， 注意： someany andor Im not a Chinese boy. She isnt twelve . He is not Tims btother . Her mother isnt an English teacher .l (2)含有情態(tài)動詞的句子 （ can等，以can為例 ）, She can play basketball. His mothers cousin can sing many English songs. l 含有情態(tài)動詞的句子在變一般疑問句時只須將“情態(tài)動詞放到句首”，Can she play basketball ?Can his mothers cousin sing many English songs ?l 含有情態(tài)動詞的句子在變否定句時直接在情態(tài)動詞的后邊加上not 。l 注意： someany andor 例：She can not play basketball . His mothers cousin can not sing many English songs .l (3)含有行為動詞的句子 We have many friends. They watch TV at 7 in the evening . The students take their books to school . I have lunch at school . You have a sister . 含有行為動詞的句子在變一般疑問句時要在原句子的前面加do. Do you have many friends ? Do they watch TV at 7 in the evening ? Do the students take their books to school ? Do you have lunch at school ? Do you have a sister ? 含有行為動詞的句子在變否定句時只須在行為動詞前加dont . 注意： someany andor We dont have many friends. They dont watch TV at 7 in the evening . The students dont take their books to school . I dont have lunch at school . You dont have a sister . 含有行為動詞的句子，當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，行為動詞要加s (或es)如： She has a red pen . He has eggs for breakfast . Her mother buys a skirt for her . She likes thrillers . My brother watches TV every evening . He wants to go to a movie .l 含有行為動詞的句子，當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，變一般疑問句要“加does ,行為動詞要還原”。 注意： someany Does she have a red pen ? Does he have eggs for breakfast ? Does her mother buy a skirt for her ? Does she like soccer？ Does your brother watch TV every evening ？ Does he want to go to a movie ？l 含行為動詞的句子，當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，變否定句時“在行為動詞前面加doesnt , 同時原行為動詞要還原”。 注意： someany andor She doesnt have a red pen . He doesnt have eggs for breakfast . Her mother doesnt buy a skirt for her . She doesnt like thrillers . My brother doesnt watch TV every evening . He doesnt want to go to a movie .l 練習l be動詞： be動詞有三兄弟：is，am, are 。I(我)用am, you(你)用are, is跟著he(他) she(她) it(它)，we(我們) you(你們)和they(他們)，復數(shù)（兩人以上）永遠連著are.l 解析: I am; You are; He is; She is; It is; We are; You are; They are.l (1)、在下面的題目中填上恰當?shù)腂e動詞。l 1. I _ Kitty. l 2. She _ a student.l 3. Jane and Tom _my friends. l 4. My sisters _ tall.l 5. I _ at school now. l 6. We _ students.l 7. They _ in the zoo. l 8. Yang Ling _ ten years old.l 9. Where _ your friends? l 10. How old _ you? l 11. I_a student. l 12. You _ a doctor.l 13._she Kitty? l 14. _ you Chinese?l 15. He _ in Shanghai. l 16. It_ a car. l 17. They _ cars l 18. _ your mother in the room?l 19. _your friends in the room? l 20. What _ your name? l 21. These _ buses. l 22. Those _oranges. l (2)、在下面的短文中填上恰當be動詞。l I _ a girl. My name _ Mary.l I _ 12 years old. l Here _ my family photo. l Look! These _ my parents and those _ my grandparents. l This boy _ my brother. l He _ 15 years old now. l That _ my cat, Mimi. l It _ very lovely.l (3）、在橫線上填寫be動詞的正確形式，然后變成一般疑問句并做肯定與否定回答l 1.I_ a boy.   l _ you a boy?  Yes, I am/ No, I am not.  l 2.The girl_ his sister. l 3.Miss Zhang _ a teacher.  l 4.This_ my dress. l 5. That _ my red skirt.  l 2.主語（非第三人稱單數(shù)）+行為動詞原形+其他 （用助動詞do 幫助構(gòu)成否定句、一般疑問句和特殊疑問）l 3.主語（第三人稱單數(shù)）+行為動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)+其他（用助動詞does 幫助構(gòu)成否定句、一般疑問句和特殊疑問句）l 行為動詞第三人稱單數(shù)加-s的形式l 1.- s 2. 輔音+y: study-studies 3.以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾watch-watches teach-teaches4特殊have-has do-does go-goesl do 類動詞（行為動詞）用原型或第三人稱單數(shù)形式。l “原形動詞 + s / es”構(gòu)成“第三人稱單數(shù)形式”,與單數(shù)名詞變復數(shù)名詞方法一樣。l (1)、一般情況,動詞后直接加 s (清輔音后讀 / s /,濁輔音后讀/ z /)l 例如:brings 帶來 calls 打電話 meets 遇見 needs 需要l (2)、以字母 e 結(jié)尾的動詞,直接加 s (讀 / z /) 例如:likes 喜歡 takes 帶走l (3)、以字母 s, x, ch, sh, o 結(jié)尾的動詞,加 es ( 讀 / z / 或 / Iz/)l 例如: does 做 goes 走,去 watches 觀看l (4)、以“輔音字母 + y”結(jié)尾的名詞,變 y 為 i,加 es (讀 / z /)l 例如: study studies 學習( 思考:enjoy play have 的第三人稱單數(shù)形式是 )l 練習：l 1)His parents _(watch) TV every night. l 1) My brother _(do) homework every day.l 2)His parents _ (not watch) every night.l 否定句2)My brother_ (not do) homework every day.l 3)_his parents_(watch) TV every night? Yes, they _. No, they _.l 一般疑問句3)_ your brother _（do）homework every day? Yes, he_. No, he _.l 4)When_his parents _(watch) TV? They watch TV every night.l 特疑問句4)When _ your brother _(do) homework? He does homework every day.l 本塊習題:用所給詞的正確形式填空l 1、I _ ( have ) a soccer ball .l 2、She _ ( have ) two ping-pong balls .l 3、He _ ( play ) sports every day .l 4、We _ ( speak ) English .l 5、Tom _ ( call ) Jim every day .l 6、My daughter _ ( like ) apples .l 7、His friend_ （know） English .l 8、The girl _ ( study ) English sometimes .l 9、The boy often _ （watch） TV .l 10、Her uncle _ ( go ) home on footl 本塊練習題 把下列肯定句變成否定句、一般疑問句,并作簡略回答。l 1、They like computers .l 否:They _ _ computers .l 疑:_they_ computers ? _ l 2、He has a sports club .l 否: He _ _ a sports club .l 疑:_he_ a sports club ? _l 3、 We watch TV sometimes .l 否:We _ _ TV sometimes .l 疑:_ _ _ TV sometimes ? _l 4、Tom often plays computers .l 否:Tom _ often _ computer games .l 疑:_ Tom often _ computer games ? _l 5、She has some basketballs .l 否:She _ _ _ basketballs .l 疑:_ she _ _ basketballs ? _l 6、I enjoy playing sports every day .l 否:I _ _ playing sports every day .l 疑:_ _ _ playing sports every day ? _l 7、. My daughter calls me sometimes .l 否:My daughter _ _ me sometimes .l 疑:_ _ daughter _ me sometimes ? _l 8、The girl speaks English and Chinese .l 否:The girl _ _ English_ Chinese .l 疑:_ the girl _ English _ Chinese ? _