Unit 2 Saving the EarthTopic 1 Pollution has caused too many problems. Section A (1a-2). Material analysis本課是九年級第二單元第一話題的第一課時。主活動是圍繞過去和現(xiàn)在環(huán)境的變化展開聽說訓(xùn)練。1a通過關(guān)于“West Hill”今昔環(huán)境變化的對話，引出本話題的污染問題，鞏固現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的用法及區(qū)別。1b要求學(xué)生能夠聽懂一般過去時態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，也就是要分清1b所提及的詞語所伴隨的時間。1c要求學(xué)生補(bǔ)全描述“West Hill”今昔變化的句子并進(jìn)行內(nèi)容復(fù)述，即整合1a對話的信息，將對話轉(zhuǎn)換為語篇。2通過觀察圖片內(nèi)容，結(jié)對編對話，描述污染前后的情況，進(jìn)一步訓(xùn)練學(xué)生口頭表達(dá)能力和對一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時的運(yùn)用能力。.Teaching aims1. Knowledge aims： 掌握本課的重點(diǎn)詞匯、短語和句型；鞏固一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時的用法和區(qū)別。能夠用一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時描述過去和現(xiàn)在的變化。正確使用there be sth./sb. doing sth.來表達(dá)“有某人/物正在做某事”。2. Skill aims: 能運(yùn)用一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時圍繞“環(huán)境變化”話題展開簡單的聽、說、讀、寫活動。3. Emotional aims: 讓學(xué)生了解環(huán)境污染的嚴(yán)重性，并樹立環(huán)保意識。4. Culture awareness: 通過課文的學(xué)習(xí)，讓學(xué)生了解環(huán)境的變化，關(guān)注全球的環(huán)境問題。. The key points and difficult points1. Key points: Words and phrases: bee, butterfly, mess, shame, several, waste, pour, see sb./sth. doing sth., pourinto,villager, destroy,cut down, polluteSentences: What a mess! / What a shame! The flowers and grass have gone! What has happened here?There be sth./sb. doing sth. There are several factories pouring waste water into the stream.Everything has changed. Grammar: Differences between Simple Past and Present Perfect tense. 2. Difficult points：能正確以口頭和書面形式區(qū)別使用一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時。正確使用there be sth./sb. doing sth.來表達(dá)“有某人/物正在做某事”。. Learning strategies 通過呈現(xiàn)情景的方式進(jìn)行詞匯或句型教學(xué)，讓學(xué)生在情境中理解并學(xué)會運(yùn)用； 通過學(xué)習(xí)1a和2，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生模仿已有對話，編寫新的對話； 通過完成1c，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生整合對話信息，將對話轉(zhuǎn)換為語篇的能力。. Teaching aids錄音機(jī)，幻燈片，黑板等。. Teaching procedures Step 1 Review(5 min)Have a quick review of Unit 1 by inviting some Ss to report their discovery on the changes in our hometown. T: Good morning, boys and girls. In Unit 1, we have learned the topic about The Changing World. And your homework last week was to find out the great changes in our hometown these years. Here are the photos you have found about the changes. Good job! Now Id like to invite some of you to tell us the changes in your pictures. Who would like to have a try?Ss: T: Well done. Thank you very much.Remarks:回顧第一單元，請學(xué)生談?wù)撍麄兪占募亦l(xiāng)今昔變化的圖片，復(fù)習(xí)一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時，在真實(shí)的語言環(huán)境中運(yùn)用英語，激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的興趣。Step 2 Lead-in (5 mins)1. Show some pictures about pollution and introduce the topic of Unit 2.T: Im glad that you have found out so many great changes in our hometown. These changes are good. However, some other changes are not. Let me show you some pictures. What can you see in these pictures?Ss: T: It is good that we have more factories, more cars, more buildings, but it is bad that we also have more air pollution, water pollution, light pollution, noise pollution and so on. Pollution has caused many problems. Our changing world is in danger, so we have to save it. Today, we will move on to a new unit, Unit 2 Saving the Earth. Topic 1 Pollution has caused so many problems. 2. Watch a short video about pollution and ask the Ss to talk about the video.T: Before learning Section A, Id like you to watch a short video and find out what has happened to Lucys hometown.T: OK, now tell me what has happened to Lucys hometown. Ss: T: Yes, Lucys hometown has changed a lot because of pollution. Pollution has destroyed the village. Now Id like to show you another example of the West Hill.Remarks:通過圖片從談?wù)摪l(fā)展變化（好的變化）過渡到環(huán)境變化（壞的變化），自然地導(dǎo)入第二單元的話題“環(huán)境污染”。接著通過觀看視頻，讓學(xué)生直觀感受污染給環(huán)境造成的破壞。 Step 3.Pre-listening (8 mins)Present two pictures of the West Hill and help the Ss describe the changes. Teach the new words and some difficult sentences. (Show the picture of the West Hill to the Ss on PPT)T: Kangkang and his friends are going to have a picnic in the West Hill. Is the West Hill beautiful? Look at the picture.What can you see in the picture?S1: I can see a big tree(Point to the tree.) S2: I can see some flowers and grass. (Point to the flowers and grass.)T: Can you see the bees and butterflies dancing there. (Point to the bees and butterflies, and then write down the words and phrases on the Bb/show them on the screen.)Ss: Yes.T: What else can you see?S4:I can see a rabbit. S5:I can see a river.T: Right. You can also say “stream”, a stream is a small river. What else can you see?S6:T: Right. The West Hill was a beautiful place. But it has changed a lot. Look at this picture. What a mess! What can you see in the picture now?S7: I can see the dirty water.S8: I can see some dead fish.T: Right. What has happened? Can you see the flowers and grass?Ss: No.T: The flowers and grass have gone! “Have gone” means “have disappeared”. (Point to the factories)Look! There are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the stream. Everything has changed. (Point to the several chemical factories, and then write down the words“several, chemical, waste” and sentences“There be.doing sth.”,“What a mess!” on the Bb/show them on the screen.)Remarks: 通過圖片談?wù)撐魃奖晃廴厩昂蟮臓顩r，更好的體會一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時在語境中的運(yùn)用，同時也突破了單詞關(guān)。在教授新單詞時,同時呈現(xiàn)單詞和音標(biāo)，讓學(xué)生運(yùn)用所學(xué)音標(biāo)自己解決單詞的讀音問題，如果學(xué)生發(fā)音不準(zhǔn)，老師再及時更正。根據(jù)圖片和講解，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生大膽的猜測詞義和部分難句的意思，為1a中的聽力對話掃障礙。Step 4. While-listening (10 mins)1. Ask the Ss to listen to 1a once and answer some questions. T: Listen to the tape carefully and try to find out the answers to the following questions. (1)When did Kangkang go to the West Hill? (2)Why does Kangkang say “What a mess!”? (3)Do they still want to have a picnic there?T: Now answer my questions. (1)When did Kangkang go to the West Hill?Ss: Two years ago.T: (2)Why does Kangkang say “What a mess!” ?Ss: Because the beautiful West Hill has gone. It isn t beautiful now.T: (3)Do they still want to have a picnic there ?Ss: Of course not.2. Ask the Ss to mark the words with P (Past) or N (Now) in 1b.T: Now mark the words with P(past) or N(now) in 1b and check the answers in your group.S1: “Beautiful” is in the past.S2: “Butterflies” are in the past.S3: “Dirty” is now.3. Have the Ss listen to 1a again and pay attention to the pronunciation and the intonation. Then practice 1a in groups and role play it.T: Watch the video and pay attention to the pronunciation and intonation.T: Now read 1a aloud with your group members and act it out.T: Who would like to be Jane?.Ss:Remarks: 本課對話不長，詞匯量不大，可以直接在組內(nèi)核對習(xí)題答案。讓學(xué)生通過朗讀的方式感知一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時的差別。分角色朗讀是培養(yǎng)語感，增強(qiáng)自信，提高興趣的基本方法之一。Step 5. Post-listening (13 mins)1. Have the Ss work in pairs. Look at the pictures and make up conversations with their partner.T: Look at the pictures and make up conversations in pairs like this:Example:A: There were lots of flowers and grass when I visited the village last year.觀察內(nèi)容的選擇，我本著先靜后動，由近及遠(yuǎn)的原則，有目的、有計劃的先安排與幼兒生活接近的，能理解的觀察內(nèi)容。隨機(jī)觀察也是不可少的，是相當(dāng)有趣的，如蜻蜓、蚯蚓、毛毛蟲等，孩子一邊觀察，一邊提問，興趣很濃。我提供的觀察對象，注意形象逼真，色彩鮮明，大小適中，引導(dǎo)幼兒多角度多層面地進(jìn)行觀察，保證每個幼兒看得到，看得清?？吹们宀拍苷f得正確。在觀察過程中指導(dǎo)。我注意幫助幼兒學(xué)習(xí)正確的觀察方法，即按順序觀察和抓住事物的不同特征重點(diǎn)觀察，觀察與說話相結(jié)合，在觀察中積累詞匯，理解詞匯，如一次我抓住時機(jī)，引導(dǎo)幼兒觀察雷雨，雷雨前天空急劇變化，烏云密布，我問幼兒烏云是什么樣子的，有的孩子說：烏云像大海的波浪。有的孩子說“烏云跑得飛快?！蔽壹右钥隙ㄕf“這是烏云滾滾?！碑?dāng)幼兒看到閃電時，我告訴他“這叫電光閃閃?！苯又變郝牭嚼茁曮@叫起來，我抓住時機(jī)說：“這就是雷聲隆隆?！币粫合缕鹆舜笥辏覇枺骸坝晗碌迷鯓?”幼兒說大極了，我就舀一盆水往下一倒，作比較觀察，讓幼兒掌握“傾盆大雨”這個詞。雨后，我又帶幼兒觀察晴朗的天空，朗誦自編的一首兒歌：“藍(lán)天高，白云飄，鳥兒飛，樹兒搖，太陽公公咪咪笑?！边@樣抓住特征見景生情，幼兒不僅印象深刻，對雷雨前后氣象變化的詞語學(xué)得快，記得牢，而且會應(yīng)用。我還在觀察的基礎(chǔ)上，引導(dǎo)幼兒聯(lián)想，讓他們與以往學(xué)的詞語、生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)聯(lián)系起來，在發(fā)展想象力中發(fā)展語言。如啄木鳥的嘴是長長的，尖尖的，硬硬的，像醫(yī)生用的手術(shù)刀樣，給大樹開刀治病。通過聯(lián)想，幼兒能夠生動形象地描述觀察對象。B: But now the flowers and grass have gone.A: What a shame! What has happened here?B: The villagers have destroyed them.T: Now Id like to invite two pairs to have a try.Ss:2. Have the Ss read through 1a and fill in the blanks in 1c in groups.T: Read through 1a and fill in the blanks in 1c as quickly as possible, and then discuss the answers with your group members. T: Now check the answers together.S1: a beautiful placeS2: lots of flowers and grassS3: 3. Have the Ss retell 1a to their partner.T: Try to retell 1a to your partner. You can use the pictures and the key words.Example: In the past, the West Hill was a beautiful place with flowers and grass. We could see bees and butterflies dancing. The air was fresh, the water was very clean and we could see fish swimming. But now, all the flowers, grass, bees, butterflies and fish have gone. The water is so dirty and it smells terrible. Why? Because there are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the stream. Pollution has destroyed the West Hill, so we should protect the environment.Remarks: 通過學(xué)習(xí)1a，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生模仿已有對話，編寫新的對話；接著要求學(xué)生根據(jù)1a的內(nèi)容補(bǔ)全句子并在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行復(fù)述，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生整合對話信息，將對話轉(zhuǎn)換為語篇的能力。通過Post-listening這個環(huán)節(jié)，幫助學(xué)生進(jìn)一步鞏固和運(yùn)用本課所學(xué)詞匯、句型和語法，兼顧了語言輸入和輸出，進(jìn)一步發(fā)展了學(xué)生的口語能力。Step 6 Summarizing. (3 mins)Sum up the main content of this class and the key pointsT: Lets sum up what we have learned today. We learn some new words, phrases and sentences. Please repeat after me: bee, butterfly, stream, mess, shame, several, pour, waste; see sb. doing sth., pourinto; There are/isdoing. Now we can express our strong feelings, such as “What a mess!”, “What a shame!” We can also know the differences between Simple Past and Present Perfect tense. For example, “It was a beautiful place.” “Everything has changed.” Step 7 Assigning homework. (1 mins)1. Practice 1a with your partner.2. Retell 1a and write down the changes in the West Hill.3. Talk about how many kinds of pollution you know and make a list. Blackboard designPollution has caused too many problems.Section A(1a-1c)Words and phrase:bee,butterfly,stream,mess, shame,several,waste, see sb./sth. doing sth.,pour sth. into, villager,destroy, cut down, pollute觀察內(nèi)容的選擇，我本著先靜后動，由近及遠(yuǎn)的原則，有目的、有計劃的先安排與幼兒生活接近的，能理解的觀察內(nèi)容。隨機(jī)觀察也是不可少的，是相當(dāng)有趣的，如蜻蜓、蚯蚓、毛毛蟲等，孩子一邊觀察，一邊提問，興趣很濃。我提供的觀察對象，注意形象逼真，色彩鮮明，大小適中，引導(dǎo)幼兒多角度多層面地進(jìn)行觀察，保證每個幼兒看得到，看得清?？吹们宀拍苷f得正確。在觀察過程中指導(dǎo)。我注意幫助幼兒學(xué)習(xí)正確的觀察方法，即按順序觀察和抓住事物的不同特征重點(diǎn)觀察，觀察與說話相結(jié)合，在觀察中積累詞匯，理解詞匯，如一次我抓住時機(jī)，引導(dǎo)幼兒觀察雷雨，雷雨前天空急劇變化，烏云密布，我問幼兒烏云是什么樣子的，有的孩子說：烏云像大海的波浪。有的孩子說“烏云跑得飛快。”我加以肯定說“這是烏云滾滾。”當(dāng)幼兒看到閃電時，我告訴他“這叫電光閃閃?！苯又變郝牭嚼茁曮@叫起來，我抓住時機(jī)說：“這就是雷聲隆隆。”一會兒下起了大雨，我問：“雨下得怎樣?”幼兒說大極了，我就舀一盆水往下一倒，作比較觀察，讓幼兒掌握“傾盆大雨”這個詞。雨后，我又帶幼兒觀察晴朗的天空，朗誦自編的一首兒歌：“藍(lán)天高，白云飄，鳥兒飛，樹兒搖，太陽公公咪咪笑?！边@樣抓住特征見景生情，幼兒不僅印象深刻，對雷雨前后氣象變化的詞語學(xué)得快，記得牢，而且會應(yīng)用。我還在觀察的基礎(chǔ)上，引導(dǎo)幼兒聯(lián)想，讓他們與以往學(xué)的詞語、生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)聯(lián)系起來，在發(fā)展想象力中發(fā)展語言。如啄木鳥的嘴是長長的，尖尖的，硬硬的，像醫(yī)生用的手術(shù)刀樣，給大樹開刀治病。通過聯(lián)想，幼兒能夠生動形象地描述觀察對象。Sentences:唐宋或更早之前，針對“經(jīng)學(xué)”“律學(xué)”“算學(xué)”和“書學(xué)”各科目，其相應(yīng)傳授者稱為“博士”，這與當(dāng)今“博士”含義已經(jīng)相去甚遠(yuǎn)。而對那些特別講授“武事”或講解“經(jīng)籍”者，又稱“講師”。“教授”和“助教”均原為學(xué)官稱謂。前者始于宋，乃“宗學(xué)”“律學(xué)”“醫(yī)學(xué)”“武學(xué)”等科目的講授者；而后者則于西晉武帝時代即已設(shè)立了，主要協(xié)助國子、博士培養(yǎng)生徒?！爸獭痹诠糯粌H要作入流的學(xué)問，其教書育人的職責(zé)也十分明晰。唐代國子學(xué)、太學(xué)等所設(shè)之“助教”一席，也是當(dāng)朝打眼的學(xué)官。至明清兩代，只設(shè)國子監(jiān)（國子學(xué)）一科的“助教”，其身價不謂顯赫，也稱得上朝廷要員。至此，無論是“博士”“講師”，還是“教授”“助教”，其今日教師應(yīng)具有的基本概念都具有了。What a mess! / What a shame!其實(shí),任何一門學(xué)科都離不開死記硬背,關(guān)鍵是記憶有技巧,“死記”之后會“活用”。不記住那些基礎(chǔ)知識,怎么會向高層次進(jìn)軍?尤其是語文學(xué)科涉獵的范圍很廣,要真正提高學(xué)生的寫作水平,單靠分析文章的寫作技巧是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的,必須從基礎(chǔ)知識抓起,每天擠一點(diǎn)時間讓學(xué)生“死記”名篇佳句、名言警句,以及豐富的詞語、新穎的材料等。這樣,就會在有限的時間、空間里給學(xué)生的腦海里注入無限的內(nèi)容。日積月累,積少成多,從而收到水滴石穿,繩鋸木斷的功效。The flowers and grass have gone!What has happened here?There are several factories pouring waste water into the stream.第 6 頁