2018高考全國卷英語試卷答案及解析2018年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試英語 本試卷分第I卷（選擇題）和第II卷（非選擇題）兩部分。考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第I卷注意事項：1. 答第I卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號寫在本試卷和答題卡相應(yīng)位置上。2. 選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號，不能答在本試卷上，否則無效。第一部分 閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ASummer ActivitiesStudents should read the list with their parents/carers, and select two activities they would like to do. Forms will be available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school. Before choices are finalised, parents/carers will be asked to sign to confirm their childs choices.ActivityDescriptionMember of staffCostOutdoor Adventure(OUT)Take yourself out of your comfort zone for a week, discover new personal qualities, and learn new skills. You will be able to take part in a number of activities from canoeing to wild camping on Dartmoor. Learn rock climbing and work as a team, and enjoy the great outdoor environment.Mr. Clemens140WWI Battlefields and Paris(WBP)On Monday we travel to London. After staying overnight in London, we travel on Day 2 to northern France to visit the World War I battlefields. On Day 3 we cross into Belgium. Thursday sees us make the short journey to Paris where we will visit Disneyland Paris park, staying until late to see the parade and the fireworks. Our final day, Friday, sees us visit central Paris and tour the main sights.Mrs. Wilson425Crafty Foxes(CRF)Four days of product design centred around textiles. Making lovely objects using recycled and made materials. Bags, cushions and decorations Learn skills and leave with modern and unusual textiles.Mrs. Goode30Pottyabout Potter(POT)Visit Warner Bros Studio, shop stop to buy picnic, stay overnight in an approved Youth Hostel in Streatley-on-Thames, guided tour of Oxford to see the film locations, picnic lunch outside Oxfords Christchurch, boating on the River Cherwell through the University Parks, before heading back to Exeter.Miss Drake15021. Which activity will you choose if you want to go camping?A. OUTB. WBPC. CRFD. POT22. What will the students do on Tuesday with Mrs Wilson?A. Travel to London.B. See a parade and fireworks.C. Tour central Paris.D. Visit the WWI battlefields.23. How long does Potty about Potter last?A. Two days.B. Four days.C. Five days.D. One week.文體：應(yīng)用文主題：文章主要提供給了孩子們四種不同類型的夏日活動以及相關(guān)具體信息。21. 答案： A 細(xì)節(jié)題解析：根據(jù)題干中關(guān)鍵信息go camping 定位到文中第一個表格OUT中內(nèi)容：You will be able to take part in a number of activities from canoeing to wild camping on Dartmoor. 可知答案選A22. 答案： D 細(xì)節(jié)題解析：根據(jù)題干中Mrs. Wilson 以及Tuesday 這兩個關(guān)鍵信息定位到第二個表格中內(nèi)容： We travel on Day 2 to northern France to visit the World War I battlefield. 此處的第二天指的就是題干中的Tuesday，可知答案選D。 23. 答案： A細(xì)節(jié)題解析： 根據(jù)題干中關(guān)鍵細(xì)節(jié)Potty about Potter可將定位到文中第四個表格第二排信息： Visit Warner Bros Studio, shop stop to buy picnic, stay overnight in an approved Youth Hostel in Streatley-on-Thames . 其中overnight 是 過一夜 的意思，因此可以得知Potty about Potter應(yīng)該會持續(xù)兩天，可知答案選A。BMany of us love July because its the month when natures berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels from British Columbias fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白質(zhì)), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物質(zhì)). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (櫻桃), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C.When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a childrens party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.24. What does the author seem to like about cherries?A. They contain protein.B. They are high in vitamin A.C. They have a pleasant tasteD. They are rich in antioxidants.25. Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?A. To make them smell better.B. To keep their colour.C. To speed up their ripening.D. To improve their nutrition.26. What is “a juicer “in the last paragraph?A. A dessert.B. A drink.C. A container.D. A machine.27. From which is the text probably taken?A. A biology textbook.B. A health magazine.C. A research paper. D. A travel brochure.【解析】24. 答案C推測題解析：在第二段最后說了As for cherries (櫻桃), they are so delicious who cares?與之相對應(yīng)答案應(yīng)為C選項。25. 答案B細(xì)節(jié)題解析：根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞fresh lemon juice定位到第三段中的if you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. 可知目的是為了防止香蕉變色。26. 答案D推測題解析：定位至最后一段，由feed in frozen bananas可知juicer是可以裝香蕉的東西，再看到下一句，關(guān)鍵動詞out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert可知該容器可把香蕉變成一個甜品，所以功能強大，選machine機器最恰當(dāng)。27. 答案B推斷題解析：該文中心詞是fruit，第二段講了一些水果的營養(yǎng)成分，第三段則講述如何做出美味的水果甜點，所以不應(yīng)該是跟biology“生物”，research“研究”以及travel“旅行”這三個話題相關(guān)，故選B，與health“健康”息息相關(guān)。CTeens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday.While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many childrens lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.According to the reports key findings, “the proportion (比例) who say they hardly ever read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.”The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2-8, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session. When it comes to technology and reading the report does little to counsel(建議)parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read.As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom (逼近) ahead, parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.28. What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?A. Childrens reading habitsB. Quality of childrens booksC. Childrens after-class activitiesD. Parent-child relationships29. Where can you find the data that best supports “children are reading a lot less for fun”?A. In paragraph 2B. In paragraph 3C. In paragraph 4D. In paragraph 530. Why do many parents limit electronic reading?A. E-books are of poor qualityB. It could be a waste of time.C. It may harm childrens health.D. E-readers are expensive.31. How should parents encourage their children to read more?A. Act as role models for themB. Ask them to write book reportsC. Set up reading groups for themD. Talk with their reading class teachers【解析】28.答案A細(xì)節(jié)題根據(jù)文章第一段的第一句話可知Common Sense Media報道的是關(guān)于青少年閱讀樂趣大大減少，這里只有A選項是關(guān)于閱讀的，故選A。29.答案B細(xì)節(jié)題從文章中能夠找到最好的數(shù)據(jù)支撐的內(nèi)容應(yīng)是在第三段，當(dāng)中明確指出“說自己閱讀基本不是因為樂趣的比例從1984年的8%到9%上升到今天的22%到27%”，由此可以看出孩子們的閱讀樂趣大大減少。30.答案C從文中第五段的最后一句可知“許多父母仍然限制電子閱讀，主要因為擔(dān)心增加的屏幕時間。”所謂的屏幕時間也就是對長時間面對電子屏幕的時間，即對于健康的影響。故選C。31.答案A從文章的倒數(shù)第二段的第一句中的關(guān)鍵詞“serving as examples”和“important guides”，以及第二句“數(shù)據(jù)顯示經(jīng)常閱讀的孩子，和不經(jīng)常閱讀的比起來有家里有更多的書，有更多為他們買的書，家長們更多的閱讀也留出閱讀時間給孩子們?！笨芍议L們應(yīng)該作為他們的榜樣來培養(yǎng)他們多讀書。DWeve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane,surrounded by people who are, like us,deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.Whats the problem? Its possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. Its more likely that none of us start a conversation because its awkward and challenging, or we think its annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers,consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say its an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we cant forget that deep relationships wouldnt event exist if it werent for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease (潤滑劑) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. “Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,” he explains, “The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.”In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction (互動) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. “Its not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,” says Dunn. “But interactions with peripheral (邊緣的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.”Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. “Small talk is the basis of good manners,” he says.32. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?A. Addition to smartphones.B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places.C. Absence of communication between strangers.D. Impatience with slow service.33. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?A. Showing good manners.B. Relating to other people.C. Focusing on a topic.D. Making business deals.34. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?A. It improves family relationships.B. It raises peoples confidence.C. It matters as much as a formal talk.D. It makes people feel good.35. What is the best tittle for the text?A. Conversation Counts.B. Ways of Making Small TalkC. Benefits of Small TalkD. Uncomfortable Silence【解析】32. 答案C細(xì)節(jié)題解析：根據(jù)題干的關(guān)鍵詞“first paragraph”定位到文章的第一段，根據(jù)內(nèi)容surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence ,表達(dá)含義是：圍繞著一些，就像我們這樣的，專注手機的人或者更為糟糕的是在這種令人不舒服的寂靜中掙扎，所以選項C正確。33. 答案B細(xì)節(jié)題解析：根據(jù)題干的關(guān)鍵詞“successful small talk 和Carducci” 定位到文章的第三段Carducci所說的三句話，分別是small talk is the grease for successful communication; almost every great love story and each big business deal begin with small talk; 最核心的句子是最后一句：The key to successful talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them. 表達(dá)含義是：成功談話的關(guān)鍵是學(xué)會如何和別人產(chǎn)生聯(lián)系而不僅僅是和他們交流，所以選項B正確。34. 答案D細(xì)節(jié)題解析：根據(jù)題干的關(guān)鍵詞“coffee-shop study” 定位到文章的第四段第一句末尾，根據(jù)兩組對比產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果：The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. 表達(dá)含義是：結(jié)果顯示這些和服務(wù)員閑聊的人都會報告說有更積極的感受和更好的咖啡店的體驗，所以選項D正確。35. 答案C主旨題解析：根據(jù)題干的關(guān)鍵詞“best title”得知這是一道主旨大意題，所以這道題只有縱觀全文，當(dāng)然可以借助前面兩道題的題干知道文章關(guān)鍵詞就是“small talk”，所以鎖定B和C項，再結(jié)合文章大意得知文章重點描述：小對話的好處而非如何進(jìn)行小對話，所以選項C正確。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives， it can be hard to try and find the time to work out. 36 Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit. Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day. 37 Your metabolism（新陳代謝） gets a head start. 38 If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie(卡路里) burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep. 39 Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited 40 If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.A. You will stick to your diet.B. Your quality of sleep improves.C. You prefer healthy food to fast food.D. There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or youre doing it now, then listen up!【解析】文體：說明文主題：晨煉給人帶來的額外好處。答案：GEFBA36.G首段設(shè)空，引出文章中心?？涨癐f條件句提示，所以設(shè)空處對應(yīng)之前If條件句，7個選項中只有G項是If條件句37.E小標(biāo)題意思生產(chǎn)力提升，緊接著makes you more awake ，7個選項中符合同義表達(dá)的只有E項 keep your head clear , 保持頭腦清醒38.F小標(biāo)題提到新陳代謝，設(shè)空處后文又提到 get the calorie burning benefits , 7個選項中符合同義表達(dá)的只有F項，continue to burn calories 持續(xù)燃燒卡路里39.B小標(biāo)題設(shè)空，后文提到people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening , 7個選項中跟睡眠質(zhì)量相關(guān)，又能做小標(biāo)題的只有B項40.A小標(biāo)題設(shè)空，后文提到 you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day , 7個選項中跟堅持選擇吃健康食物相關(guān)，又能做小標(biāo)題的只有A項, stick to your diet。C項干擾，小標(biāo)題核心是stick to , 而不是 prefer A to B 第二部分 英語知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié) 完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Two weeks earlier,my son, Ben, had got in touch. Hed moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since Id 41 seen him. So imagine my 42 when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me.I was 43 ! I arrived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to 44 .The bay was 45 in sunshine, and there was a group of kayakers around 150m off the shore. Getting a little 46 ,I realized one kayak (皮劃艇) was in 47 . “Somethings not 48 !” I took off my T-shirt and 49 into the water. I saw there were two instructors on board and a man lying across the middle. He was 50 violently. Linking arms with one of the instructors, I helped 51 the young man out of the water. He was unconscious and as I looked at his face, something 52 to me. Those brown eyes were very 53 .“Whats his name?” I asked the instructor. “Ben,” he replied, and immediately I 54 .That stranger was my son!The instructors called for an ambulance. 55 , after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to 56 and later the family met up for dinner. We chatted about everything and then Ben 57 to me. “I just want to say thank you,” he said. “You 58 my life!”I still cant believe what a 59 it was. Im just so glad I was there 60 to help my son. 41. A.alsoB.oftenC.evenD.last42. A.delightB.reliefC.angerD.worry43.A.scaredB.shockedC.thrilledD.ashamed44.A.talkB.stayC.meetD.settle45.A.bathedB.cleanC.deepD.formed46.A.fasterB.closerC.heavierD.wiser47.A.troubleB.advanceC.questionD.battle48.A.realB.rightC.fairD.fit49.A.staredB.sankC.divedD.fell50.A.arguingB.fightingC.shoutingD.shaking51.A.leadB.persuadeC.carryD.keep52.A.happenedB.occurredC.appliedD.appealed53.A.sharpB.pleasantC.attractiveD.familiar54.A.agreedB.hesitatedC.doubtedD.knew55.A.FortunatelyB.FranklyC.SadlyD.Suddenly56.A.returnB.relaxC.speakD.leave57.A.jokedB.turnedC.listenedD.pointed58.A.createdB.honoredC.savedD.guided59.A.coincidenceB.changeC.pityD.pain60.A.on boardB.in timeC.for sureD.on purpose【解析】41. D 副詞題。由前文中g(shù)ot in touch取得聯(lián)系和空前兒子3歲隨母前往英國可知，自（since）我們上次一別已經(jīng)13年了，可得答案D. last。42.A 名詞題。該空可以通過情感色彩解題，當(dāng)“我”得知多年未見的孩子要來拜訪，so此時的情緒為正向，可得答案A delight。 C. anger和D. worry均為負(fù)向， 干擾選項為.B relief (多用于從負(fù)面事件或情緒中結(jié)束后)。43. C 形容詞題。該空同樣可以根據(jù)前后情感色彩解題，前文的delight以及后一句“我”很早的到達(dá)了約定地點可知，該空情緒為正向，可得答案C. thrilled (if someone is thrilled, they are extremely pleased about something.) 其余三個選項為負(fù)向44. C 動詞題。該句句意為“我們打算見面的地方“，以及后文56空提及了the family met up for dinner?？傻么鸢窩。45. A 動詞題，根據(jù)動詞用法“沐浴在陽光中”可得答案A. bathed 尤其注意該單詞用語描述（光線）灑滿，覆蓋be bathed in（some place is covered with light）。46. B 副詞題。根據(jù)前一句提出的 “150m off the shore”強調(diào)距離可知，此處指位置變化-靠近，可得答案B. closer。47. A 名詞題。根據(jù)后文中“我”跳水救人可知，是注意到某只皮劃艇出了問題，in trouble 有麻煩， in advance提前，in question 有疑問，in battle處于戰(zhàn)斗中。48. B 形容詞題。承接上文，出現(xiàn)意外情況something in trouble可得同義表達(dá)something is not right，答案B。49. C 動詞題。動作順序題，“我”脫掉衣服然后“跳”進(jìn)水里，排掉A盯；B下沉；干擾選項為D fall（多用于意外或自然外力），故選C。50. D 動詞題。該空描述人落水后的身體反應(yīng)，可得答案D. 顫抖。其余選項均不符合文意。A爭論；B戰(zhàn)斗；C叫喊；故選D。51. C 動詞題。由空后out of water可知救人出水，得動詞carry，故選C。52. B 動詞題?？吹剿哪?，“我”想到了一些事，固定用法something occur to somebody。53. D 形容詞詞題。根據(jù)后文“我”詢問名字確定落水者是兒子，可知他的眼睛對“我”來說“熟悉”familiar故選D。54. D 動詞題。由上文可得“我”立刻知道他是我的兒子，故選D。55. A 副詞題。根據(jù)后文中兒子很快出院可知，此處感情色彩為正向，排除B, C, D選項，B 坦白地，C悲傷地，D突然地，故選A 幸運地。56. D 動詞題。根據(jù)后文中參加家庭晚宴，可知本空表達(dá)兒子出院，可得答案D. leave。57. B 動詞題。根據(jù)后文中兒子和我的對話，可知這里表達(dá)兒子轉(zhuǎn)向“我”，turn to sb. 故選B。58. C 動詞題。根據(jù)上下文“我”救了兒子的命，save ones life，故選C59. A 名詞題。It指代前文事情，“我“在不知情下救了多年未見的兒子，為巧合，因此故選A。60.B 名詞題。固定搭配A. on board在船上， B及時， C 確定 D 故意地，可得答案B。第II卷注意：將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。第二部分 英語知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第二節(jié) （共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Diets have changed in Chinaand so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country 61 (grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 62 past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.A taste for meat is 63 (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs and cattle. Another reason for corns rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 64 (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water 65 rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased 66 (pollute) in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.According to the Word Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 67 (globe) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government 68 (start) a soil-testing program 69 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmersand 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That preve