2017年6月大學英語六級真題試卷及答案（一）Part I Writing (30 minutes)(請于正式開考后半小時內完成該部分，之后將進行聽力考試)Directions:Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to attend a vocational college or a university, write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡1上作答。Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) He would feel insulted.B) He would feel very sad.C) He would be embarrassed.D) He would be disappointed.2. A) They are worthy of a prize.B) They are of little value.C) They make good reading.D) They need improvement.3. A) He seldom writes a book straight through. B) He writes several books simultaneously.C) He draws on his real-life experiences.D) He often turns to his wife for help.4.A)Writing a book is just like watching a football match.B)Writers actually work every bit as hard as footballers.C)He likes watching a football match after finishing a book.D) Unlike a football match, there is no end to writing a book.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) Achievements of black male athletes in college.B) Financial assistance to black athletes in college.C) High college dropout rates among black athletes.D) Undergraduate enrollments of black athletes.6. A) They display great talent in every kind of game.B) They are better at sports than at academic work.C) They have difficulty finding money to complete their studies.D) They make money for the college but often fail to earn a degree.7. A) About 15%.B) Around 40%.C) Slightly over 50%.D) Approximately 70%.8. A) Coaches lack the incentive to graduate them.B) College degrees do not count much to them.C) They have little interest in academic work.D) Schools do not deem it a serious problem.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A) Marketing strategies.B) Holiday shopping.C) Shopping malls.D) Online stores.10. A) About 50% of holiday shoppers. B) About 20-30% of holiday shoppers.C) About 136 million. D) About 183.8 million.11.A) They have fewer customers. B) They find it hard to survive.C) They are thriving once more. D) They appeal to elderly customers.12.A) Better quality of consumer goods B) Higher employment and wages.C) Greater varieties of commodities. D) People having more leisure time.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.13. A) They are new species of big insects.B) They are overprescribed antibiotics.C) They are life-threatening diseases.D) They are antibiotic-resistant bacteria.14. A) Antibiotics are now in short supply.B) Many infections are no longer curable.C) Large amounts of tax money are wasted.D) Routine operations have become complex.15.A) Facilities. B) Expertise.C) Money. D) Publicity.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B)，C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) It is accessible only to the talented. B) It improves students ability to think.C) It starts a lifelong learning process.D) It gives birth to many eminent scholars.17. A) They encourage academic democracy. B) They promote globalization. C) They uphold the presidents authority.D) They protect students rights.18. A) His thirst for knowledge.B) His eagerness to find a job.C) His contempt for authority.D) His potential for leadership.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) Few people know how to retrieve information properly.B)People can enhance their memory with a few tricks.C)Most people have a rather poor long-term memory.D)People tend to underestimate their mental powers.20.A) They present the states in a surprisingly different order.B)They include more or less the same number of states.C)They are exactly the same as is shown in the atlas.D)They contain names of the most familiar states.21.A) Focusing on what is likely to be tested.B)Having a good sleep the night before.C)Reviewing your lessons where the exam is to lake place.D)Making sensible decisions while choosing your answers.22.A) Discover when you can learn best. B) Change your time of study daily.C) Give yourself a double bonus afterwards. D) Follow the example of a marathon runner.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recordingyou have just heard.23.A) He is a politician. B) He is a businessman.C) He is a sociologist. D) He is a economist24.A) In slums. B) In Africa.C) In pre-industrial societies. D) In developing countries.25.A) They have no access to health care, let alone entertainment or recreation.B)Their income is less than 50% of the national average family income.C)They work extra hours to have their basic needs met.D)Their children cannot afford to go to private schools.Part Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices, Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.After becoming president of Purdue University in 2013, Mitch Daniels asked the faculty to prove that their students have actually achieved one of higher educations most important goals: critical thinking skills. Two years before, a nationwide study of college graduates had shown that more than a third hadmade no (26)_ gains in such mental abilities during their school years. Mr. Daniels needed to(27)_ the high cost of attending Purdue to its students and their families. After all, the percentageof Americans who say a college degree is “very important” has fallen (28)_ in the last 5-6 years.Purdue now has a pilot test to assess students critical thinking skills. Yet like many college teachersaround the U.S., the faculty remain (29)_ that their work as educators can be measured by a“l(fā)earning (30)_ ” such as a graduates ability to investigate and reason. However, the professorsneed not worry so much. The results of a recent experiment showed that professors can use (31)_ metrics to measure how well students do in three key areas: critical thinking, written communication, and quantitative literacy.Despite the success of the experiment, the actual results are worrisome, and mostly (32)_ earlier studies. The organizers of the experiment concluded that far fewer students were achieving at high levels on critical thinking than they were doing for written communication or quantitative literacy. And that conclusion is based only on students nearing graduation.American universities, despite their global (33)_ for excellence in teaching, have only begunto demonstrate what they can produce in real-world learning. Knowledge-based degrees are still important,but employers are (34)_ advanced thinking skills from college graduates. If the intellectual worthof a college degree can be (35)_ measured, more people will seek higher educationand comeout better thinkers.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。A) accuratelyB) confirmC) demandingD) doubtfulE) drasticallyF) justifyG) monopolizedH) outcomeI) predominanceJ) presumingK) reputationL) significantM) signifyN) simultaneouslyO) standardizedSection BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Price of Oil and the Price of CarbonAFossil fuel prices are likely to stay “l(fā)ow for long.” Notwithstanding important recent progress in developing renewable fuel sources, low fossil fuel prices could discourage further innovation in, and adoption of, cleaner energy technologies. The result would be higher emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.BPolicymakers should not allow low energy prices to derail the clean energy transition. Action to restore appropriate price incentives, notably through corrective carbon pricing, is urgently needed to lower the risk of irreversible and potentially devastating effects of climate change. That approach also offers fiscal benefits.COil prices have dropped by over 60% since June 2014. A commonly held view in the oil industry is that “the best cure for low oil prices is low oil prices.” The reasoning behind this saying is that low oil prices discourage investment in new production capacity, eventually shifting the oil supply curve backward and bringing prices back up as existing oil fields一which can be tapped at relatively low marginal costare depleted. In fact, in line with past experience capital expenditure in the oil sector has dropped sharply in many producing countries, including the United States. The dynamic adjustment to low oil prices may, however, be different this time around.DOil prices are expected to remain lower for longer. The advent of new technologies has added about 4.2 million barrels per day to the crude oil market, contributing to a global over-supply. In addition, other factors are putting downward pressure on oil prices: change in the strategies behavior of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, the projected increase in Iranian exports, the scaling- down of global demand (especially from emerging markets), the long-term drop in petroleum consumption in the United States, and some displacement of oil by substitutes. These likely persistent forces, like the growth of shale (頁巖）oil, point to a “l(fā)ow for long” scenario. Futures markets, which show only a modest recovery of prices to around $60 a barrel by 2019, support this view.ENatural gas and coalalsofossil fuelshave similarly seen price declines that look to be long-lived. Coal and natural gas are mainly used for electricity generation, whereas oil is used mostly to power transportation, yet the prices of all these energy sources are linked. The North American shale gas boom has resulted in record low prices there. The recent discovery of the giant Zohr gas field off the Egyptian coast will eventually have impact on pricing in the Mediterranean region and Europe, and there is significant development potential in many other places, notably Argentina. Coal prices also are low, owing to over-supply and the scaling-down of demand, especially from China, which bums half of the worlds coal.FTechnological innovations have unleashed the power of renewables such as wind, hydro, solar, and geothermal (地熱).Even Africa and the Middle East，home to economies that are heavily dependent on fossil fuel exports, have enormous potential to develop renewables. For example, the United Arab Emirates has endorsed an ambitious target to draw 24% of its primary energy consumption from renewable sources by 2021.GProgress in the development of renewables could be fragile, however, if fossil fuel prices remain low for long. Renewables account for only a small share of global primary energy consumption, which is still dominated by fossil fuels30% each for coal and oil, 25% for natural gas. But renewable energy will have to displace fossil fuels to a much greater extent in the future to avoid unacceptable climate risks.HUnfortunately, the current low prices for oil, gas, and coal may provide little incentive for research to find even cheaper substitutes for those fuels. There is strong evidence that both innovation and adoption of cleaner technology are strongly encouraged by higher fossil fuel prices. The same is true for new technologies for alleviating fossil fuel emissions.IThe current low fossil fuel price environment will thus certainly delay the energy transition from fossil fuel to clean energy sources. Unless renewables become cheap enough that substantial carbon deposits are left underground for a very long time, if not forever, the planet will like be exposed to potentially catastrophic climate risks.JSome climate impacts may already be discernible. For example, the United Nations Children Fund estimates that some 11 million children in Africa face hunger, disease, and water shortage as a result of the strongest El Nino (厄爾尼諾）weather phenomenon in decades. Many scientists believe that El Nino events, caused by warming in the Pacific，are becoming more intense as a result of climate change.KNations from around the world have gathered in Paris for the United Nations Climate Change Conference, COP 21, with the goal of a universal and potentially legally-binding agreement reducing greenhouse gas emissions. We need very broad participation to fully address global tragedy that results when countries fail to take into account the negative impact of their carbon emissions on the rest of the world. Moreover, non-participation by nations, if sufficiently widespread, can undermine the political will of participating countries to act.LThe nations participating at COP 21 are focusing on quantitative emissions-reduction commitments. Economic reasoning shows that the least expensive way for each country is to put a price on carbon emissions. The reason is that when carbon is priced, those emissions reductions that are least costly to implement will happen first. The International Monetary Fund calculates that countries can generate substantial fiscal revenues by eliminating fossil fuel subsidies and levying carbon charges that capture the domestic damage caused by emissions. A tax on upstream carbon sources is one easy way to put a price on carbon emissions, although some countries may wish to use other methods, such as emissions trading schemes. In order to maximize global welfare, every countrys carbon pricing should reflect not only the purely domestic damage from emissions, but also the damage to foreign countries.MSetting the right carbon price will therefore efficiently align the costs paid by carbon users with the true social opportunity cost of using carbon. By raising relative demand for clean energy sources，a carbon price would also help align the market return to clean-energy innovation with its social return, spurring the refinement of existing technologies and the development of new ones. And it would raise the demand for technologies such as carbon capture and storage, spurring their further development. If not corrected by the appropriate carbon price, low fossil fuel prices are not accurately signaling to markets the true social profitability of clean energy. While alternative estimates of the damage from carbon emissions differ, and its especially hard to reckon the likely costs of possible catastrophic climate events, most estimates suggest substantial negative effects.NDirect subsidies to research and development have been adopted by some governments but are a poor substitute for a carbon price; they do only part of the job, leaving in place market incentives to overuse fossil fuels and thereby add to the stock of atmospheric greenhouse gases without regard to the collateral (附帶的）costs.OThe hope is that the success of COP 21 opens the door to future international agreement on carbon prices. Agreement on an international carbon-price floor would be a good starting point in that process. Failure to address comprehensively the problem of greenhouse gas emissions, however, exposes all generations, present and future, to incalculable risks.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。 36.A number of factors are driving down the global oil prices not just for now but in the foreseeable future.37.Pricing carbon proves the most economical way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.38.It is estimated that extreme weather conditions have endangered the lives of millions of Africanchildren.39.The prices of coal are low as a result of over-supply and decreasing demand.40.Higher fossil fuel prices prove to be conducive to innovation and application of cleaner technology.41.If fossil fuel prices remain low for a long time, it may lead to higher emissions of greenhouse gases.42.Fossil fuels remain the major source of primary energy consumption in todays world.43.Even major fossil fuel exporting countries have great potential to develop renewable energies.44.Greenhouse gas emissions, if not properly dealt with, will pose endless risks for mankind.45.It is urgent for governments to increase the cost of using fossil fuels to an appropriate level to lessen the catastrophic effects of climate change.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Open data sharers are still in the minority in many fields. Although many researchers broadly agree that public access to raw data would accelerate science, most are reluctant to post the results of their own labors online.Some communities have agreed to share onlinegeneticists, for example, post DNA sequences at the GenBank repository (庫)，and astronomers are accustomed to accessing images of galaxies and stars from, say, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a telescope that has observed some 500 million objectsbut these remain the exception, not the rule. Historically, scientists have objected to sharing for many reasons: it is a lot of work; until recently, good databases did not exist; grant funders were not pushing for sharing; it has been difficult to agree on standards for formatting data; and there is no agreed way to assign credit for data.But the barriers are disappearing, in part because journals and funding agencies worldwide are encouraging scientists to make their data public. Last year, the Royal Society in London said in its report that scientists need to “shift away from a research culture where data is viewed as a private preserve”. Fu