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,假設(shè)你是李華，你的朋友Jack在海地留學(xué)，你從電視上了解到，2010年10月25日他所在的海地首都太子港發(fā)生霍亂（cholera）,你很為他擔(dān)心。請(qǐng)根據(jù)所給出的建議，給Jack寫封信，叮囑他要保護(hù)好自己。 (改編) 建議：1. 盡量呆在家里, 少去人多的地方； 2. 勤洗手, 講衛(wèi)生，要喝干凈水； 3. 多開窗, 保持空氣流通； 4. 多吃洗干凈的水果蔬菜。 注意:1. 詞數(shù)120左右；2. 可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。 范文背誦 Dear Jack, I’m worried about you because the cholera broke out in the capital city of Haiti, Taizi port. I hope you can follow my advice on how to protect yourself from cholera.,Here are a few suggestions. First, to stay away from this disease, you had better stay at home as much as possible and not go to places where there are many people. Then, wash your hands more often to keep them clean and drink clean water. Besides, it is necessary to open the window to have more fresh air in the room. And you should eat more fruits and vegetables which are washed cleanly to keep yourself fit and strong. So far the disease is not so deadly as it seems to be. Do be at ease! Take care and you’ll be OK. Yours, Li Hua 句型背誦 ①I’m worried about you because the cholera broke out in the capital city of Haiti, Taizi port. ②.you had better stay at home as much as possible and not go to places where there are many people. ③.it is necessary to open the window to have more fresh air in the room.,1. _____ vi.(指火山)爆發(fā);突然發(fā)生→______n. 火山爆發(fā)；（戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)等）爆發(fā) 2. _____ n.問(wèn)卷;調(diào)查表→_____n.威脅,12. ______n. 小說(shuō)家→ ______n.小說(shuō) 13. ______n. 霧→ ______adj. 有霧的 14. ______ adj. 不舒服的；不舒適的→ ______adj. 舒服的 15. ______adj. 失去知覺的;未察覺的→ ______adj. 有意識(shí)的 16. ______ vt. 射中;射傷→ ______n. 槍炮聲；射擊 17. ______adj.憂慮的;不安的→ ______n. 焦慮;渴望;擔(dān)心 18. ______ vt.保證；擔(dān)保 答案：1. erupt; eruption 2. questionnaire; question 3. equipment；equip 4. appoint；appointment 5. evaluate；evaluation 6. wave 7. absolute；absolutely 8. suit; suitable 9. potential 10. actual; actually 11. threat；threaten 12. novelist；novel 13. fog；foggy 14. uncomfortable；comfortable 15. unconscious；conscious 16. shoot；shot 17. anxious；anxiety 18. guarantee,1. burn to the_____ 全部焚毀 2. make one’s _____ 前往 3. _____ through 匆匆看一遍 4. _____ from.to. 由……到……不等 5. _____ in 引進(jìn)；引來(lái) 6. meet _____ sb. 碰到/遇到某人 7. _____ sb./sth. from. 保護(hù)某人/某物免遭…… 8. the first _____ of. 第一次看見…… 9. be _____ asleep 睡得很熟 10. be in _____ 陷入恐慌（表狀態(tài)） get _____ a panic 陷入恐慌（表動(dòng)作） 11. _____ beabout. 對(duì)……懷著熱情 12. make an _____ to do sth 努力做某事 答案：1. ground 2. way 3. glance 4. vary 5. bring 6. With 7. protect 8. sight 9. fast 10. panic; into 11. enthusiastic 12. effort,1. _____ _____ _____ _____ the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast. 收集和評(píng)估這些信息之后，我就幫助其他科學(xué)家一起預(yù)測(cè)熔巖接著將往何處流，流速是多少。 2. I _____ _____ _____ go back to sleep _____ suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day. 我剛要再睡，突然我的臥室亮如白晝。 3. .we slowly _____ _____ _____ _____ the edge of the crater. ……我們緩緩?fù)鹕娇诘倪吘壸呷ァ?答案：1. Having collected and evaluated 2. was about to; when 3. made our way to,1. appoint vt. 任命；委派 The teacher appointed him (to be) monitor.老師任命他為班長(zhǎng)。 We appointed the school-house as place for the meeting. 我們確定校舍為會(huì)面地點(diǎn)。 He was appointed mayor of the city.他被任命為這個(gè)城市的市長(zhǎng)。 Our visitors arrived at the appointed time. 我們的來(lái)賓在約定的時(shí)間到達(dá)了。 The leader appointed his secretary to take meeting notes. 該領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人讓他的秘書做好會(huì)議記錄。 常用結(jié)構(gòu)： appoint sb.（to be）.任命某人為…… appoint sb. to do sth.委派某人去做某事 appoint sth. (for sth.)(為某事)確定（日期、場(chǎng)所等） 【聯(lián)想拓展】 appointed adj.約定的；指定的appointment n.約會(huì)；約定；委任,make an appointment with sb.與某人約會(huì)（非男女戀人之 間的約會(huì)，主要指工作、商 務(wù)方面的約會(huì)） keep/break one’s appointment守約/違約 【即學(xué)即練】 完成句子 ①校長(zhǎng)任命他當(dāng)新主任。 The headmaster____ _____ _____ _____ _____ . ②如果你想和他見面，你得提前預(yù)約。 If you want to meet him, you have to_____ _____ _____ ahead of time. 答案：①appointed him a new director ②make an appointment 2. anxious adj.憂慮的；不安的 The anxious husband awaited the birth of his son. 不安的丈夫等待著他兒子的誕生。 There is no need to be anxious about his health.,沒有必要擔(dān)心他的健康。 Do not be anxious to reply my letter, take good care of your mother. 給我回信不必著急，先照顧好你母親。 常用結(jié)構(gòu)： be anxious about/for.為……擔(dān)憂 be anxious to do sth.急切地做某事 be anxious for sb. to do sth.急于讓某人做某事 be anxious that.急切希望……（that從句用虛 擬語(yǔ)氣，即should+v.,且 should 可以省略） 【聯(lián)想拓展】 anxiety n.焦慮；渴望；擔(dān)心 with anxiety焦慮地 【即學(xué)即練】 完成句子 ①我們都為他的安全而憂慮。 We _____ _____ _____ his safety.,②他急切地想與你會(huì)面。 He____ _____ ______ meet you. 答案：①were anxious for②was anxious to 3. guarantee vt. 保證；擔(dān)保 n. 保證；保修單；擔(dān)保；抵押品 The rain guarantees a good crop this year. 這場(chǎng)雨保證了今年會(huì)有好收成。 My watch is guaranteed for one year. 我的表保修一年。 常用結(jié)構(gòu)： guarantee to do sth.保證干某事 guarantee that.保證…… guarantee.to sb.向某人擔(dān)保/保證…… give sb. a guarantee that.向某人保證…… guarantee sb.against/from保證某人免受損害、危險(xiǎn)等 【即學(xué)即練】 完成句子 ①我可以保證我完全是清白的。,I can______that I was totally innocent. ②這項(xiàng)政策保證了我們免受全部損失。 The policy ______ us ______ all loss. ③我們保證令顧客滿意。 We ______ satisfaction ______ customers. 答案：①guarantee ②guarantees；against ③guarantee；to 單項(xiàng)填空 ④Working hard is not only a ______ of great success, but is among the essential requirements. A. sign B. signal C. guarantee D. supposition 解析：選C。由句意“努力工作不僅是巨大成功的保證，”可知，應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。 4. account n.報(bào)道；（書面或口頭）報(bào)告；利益；賬目 vi.解釋；導(dǎo)致 vt.認(rèn)為；把……視為,These accounts show no consistency.這些報(bào)告前后不一致。 The accounts show we have spent more than we received. 賬目表明我們支出多于收入。 I account myself well paid.我自認(rèn)為收入頗佳。 常用結(jié)構(gòu)： account for對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)；作出解釋；說(shuō)明……原因 on account of由于；因?yàn)?take.into account考慮；顧及 【即學(xué)即練】 完成句子 ①杰克無(wú)法解釋自己的愚蠢錯(cuò)誤。 Jack could not_____ ______ his foolish mistake. ②不能在這里游泳，有鯊魚。 We can’t swim here_____ ______ _____ the sharks. ③在決定做某件事情的時(shí)候，我們必須把所有的困難都考慮進(jìn)去。 When deciding what to do we must _____ ______ _____ all the difficulties. 答案：①account for ②on account of ③take into account,單項(xiàng)填空 ④We must_____ every penny we spend during a business trip. A. account for B. take on C. make up D. turn out 解析：選A。account for sth.意為“（對(duì)自己所掌管的錢等）作令人滿意的交代”。 5. make one’s way前往 Dickens made his way to the woods. 狄更斯朝樹林走去。 Though it was raining hard, he made his way to school. 盡管雨下得很大，他還是朝學(xué)校趕去。 【聯(lián)想拓展】 feel one’s way摸索著走 fight/push one’s way奮斗/擠著前進(jìn) lose one’s way迷路 force one’s way out擠出去；沖出去 show sb. the way為某人指路 get in the way妨礙 wind one’s way 蜿蜒前行；迂回前進(jìn),【即學(xué)即練】 完成句子 ①世界上大約有30%的茶葉都出口到了倫敦。 Some thirty percent of the world’s exports of teaits London. ②昨晚他是摸索著回家的。 He house last night. ③天氣因素可能會(huì)影響“發(fā)現(xiàn)號(hào)”航天飛機(jī)明日的發(fā)射。 The weather could for tomorrow’s NASA Discovery launch. 答案：①makes；way to②felt his way to③get in the way 6. burn to the ground 全部焚毀 He has no place to live in because his house has been burnt to the ground. 他無(wú)處棲身因?yàn)樗姆孔颖粺龤Я恕?The teachers’houses in Shanghai were burnt to the ground in the large fire in November 15, 2010. 在2010年上?！?1·15”特大火災(zāi)中，教師們的公寓被燒毀了。,【聯(lián)想拓展】 burn away逐漸燒掉；消失 burn down(建筑物）燒毀；火勢(shì)減弱 burn sth. off燒掉；蒸發(fā) burn sb.up激怒；使大怒 burn sth. up焚毀；燒掉 burn out燒盡，熄滅 burn oneself out耗盡體力；積勞成疾 【即學(xué)即練】 單項(xiàng)填空 Be careful with fire, or it will______the whole building. A. burn down B. burn for C. burn up D. burn in 解析:選A。burn down (建筑物）燒毀；火勢(shì)減弱；burn for渴望； burn up 燒毀；燒得更旺/亮，消耗；burn in 給……留下不可磨滅的印象。根據(jù)句意，故選A。,7. I was fast asleep when suddenly my bed began shaking and I heard a strange sound, like a railway train passing my window. （P34）我睡得正酣，正在這時(shí)我的床開始晃動(dòng)，我聽到一種奇怪的聲音，就像一列火車正從我窗外駛過(guò)。 when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。在此狀語(yǔ)從句中，and連接兩個(gè)并列的句子。like a railway train passing my window為介詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)，修飾sound，而a railway train passing my window為like的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。 I was fast asleep when suddenly there was a loud noise outside my room. 我睡得正香，就在這時(shí)房外傳來(lái)巨大的噪音。 He was on a journey to Europe when he received her call. 他正在去歐洲的旅行途中，就在這時(shí)他接到了她的電話。 【聯(lián)想拓展】 be+形容詞/表示狀態(tài)的介詞短語(yǔ)+when. 在做某事，就在這時(shí)…… be about to do sth. when.正要做某事，就在這時(shí)……,be doing+when.正在做某事，就在這時(shí)……（分句中的動(dòng)作往往是短暫性的） had just done when.剛做過(guò)某事，就在這時(shí)…… 溫馨提示：此時(shí)的when不可與while互換,也不可將when引導(dǎo)的從句置于句首。 【即學(xué)即練】 單項(xiàng)填空 The boys were about to go out to play football______suddenly it began to rain. A. when B. as C. while D. then 解析:選A。be about to do when.意為“正要做某事，就在這時(shí)……” 。其中when相當(dāng)于and just then，不可以用while, as等替換。 8. The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.（P35） 另外兩人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的巖漿，我是第一次經(jīng)歷這樣的事，所以留在山頂上觀察他們。 this being my first experience在句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)，為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。,獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)（Absolute Structure）是由名詞或代詞加上分詞等構(gòu)成的一種獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，用于修飾整個(gè)句子。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞或代詞與其后的分詞等構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。這種結(jié)構(gòu)與主句不發(fā)生句法上的聯(lián)系，它的位置相當(dāng)靈活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗號(hào)將其與主句分開。需特別注意的是，獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與主句之間不能使用任何連接詞。 用法點(diǎn)撥： 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)基本構(gòu)成形式： 名詞(代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞（過(guò)去分詞；形容詞；副詞；不定式；名詞；介詞短語(yǔ)） Night enshrouding the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance. 黑夜籠罩著大地，誰(shuí)也看不清遠(yuǎn)處黑壓壓的一片是什么東西。 There being no bus, we had to walk home. 由于沒有公共汽車，我們只好走回家。 The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved. 由于工人們的生活條件大大提高，他們工作得更起勁了。,He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard. 他上課專心聽講，眼睛緊盯著黑板。 【即學(xué)即練】 單項(xiàng)填空 The robber was brought to the judge,______. A. with his hands were fast tied B. his hands to be fast tied C. his hands fast tied D. his hand having been fast tied 解析:選C。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是以短語(yǔ)的形式作定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。“his hands fast tied”是一個(gè)由“名詞+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)的名詞后還可以接介詞短語(yǔ)等，在句中通常作狀語(yǔ)。,Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1. The story_____ (使興奮)the little boy very much. 2. On hot days we often go _____ (洗澡) in the river. 3. I can’t _____ (評(píng)價(jià)) his ability without seeing his work. 4. I got into a _____(驚慌) when I found the door was locked. 5. They studied the German market to find the _____ (可能性) there for investment. 6. It was a cold, foggy day and the children were _b____. 7. It’s many years since Mount Vesuvius _e____. 8. He drew _f_____ animals with two heads and large wings. 9. I’m _a____ to get home to open my presents. 10. They had to _c____ tomorrow’s football match because of the bad weather. 答案：1. exited2. bathing3. evaluate4. panic5. potential 6. bored7. erupted8. fantastic9. anxious10. cancel,1._______ other methods, this one is relatively more effective. 2. I could easily imagine her_______ him _______ a man of fine quality. 3. The village was_______ down _______ during the war. 4. He asked if he might_______ my album. 5. How do animals_______ themselves_______ hurting from the enemy? 6. We have to_______ to finish the work on time.,Ⅱ. 用方框內(nèi)所給短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空,7. She has_______ friends here. 8. The book_______ beginners to learn. 9. I_______ the progress we have made. 10. Opinions on the issue _______ person _______ person. 答案：1. Compared with2. regarding; as 3. burn;to the ground4. glance through5. protect; from 6. make an effort7. quite a few8. was suitable for 9. was amazed at10. vary from; to Ⅲ. 用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1. _______ (receive) her letter for a long time, I phoned her to see what was wrong. 2. _______(accept) as a member of the company, he took over the job of the former secretary. 3. Nobody can imagine her_______（do）such an awful thing. 4. Charles Babbage is generally considered_______ (invent)the first computer. 5. Always acting in a strange manner, Einstein must_______ (appear) to people around to be mad.,答案：1. Not having received 2. having been accepted 3. doing 4. to invent 5. have appeared Ⅳ.單項(xiàng)填空 1. Although different in many ways, the British and the Americans_______ many of the same customs. A. make B. take C. share D. give 解析：選C。 詞義辨析題。share的意思是“共同有”，其他答案沒有此意。 2. Grades would_______from one or two，for outstanding or excellent，to six or seven，for poor or very poor. A. suffer B. differ C. come D. range 解析：選D?？疾閯?dòng)詞辨析。suffer from遭受，忍受；differ from與……不同；come from來(lái)自于；range from延伸。 3. _______ the problem may be, we must solve it ourselves. A. Whatever difficult B. How difficult C. However difficult D. No matter what difficult,解析：選C。句意為：不管問(wèn)題有多難，我們都要獨(dú)立解決。difficult為形容詞，因此用how修飾，表示程度；however在這里沒有轉(zhuǎn)折的意思，相當(dāng)于no matter how，因此答案為C。 4. Dark glasses are sometimes worn_______ tothe eyes from strong sunlight. A. prevent B. care C. defend D. protect 解析：選D。protect.from意為“保護(hù)……不受傷害”；prevent.from意為“阻止……發(fā)生”。 5. There are twenty-eight classes in our school，_______over 56 students. A. with each has B. each having C. which there are D. with each that has 解析：選B。 考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。兩個(gè)句子之間有逗號(hào)隔開時(shí)，有四種表達(dá)形式：1)兩個(gè)句子之間有并列連詞；2)兩個(gè)句子之間有從屬連詞；3)把其中一個(gè)句子改成非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式；4)改成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的形式。此題中A項(xiàng)with是個(gè)介詞，故要把has改為having的形式；C項(xiàng)要改成where there are的形式；D項(xiàng)表達(dá)不正確。,6. Though the girl______ to learn Japanese, she couldn’t catch up with her classmates. A. made effort B. made all her efforts C. took every effort D. gave her efforts 解析：選B。 make all ones efforts為固定搭配，意為“盡某人全力”。 7. Mr Green thinks that, _______ the situation would have got worse. A. if not dealing with carefully B. if having nor dealt with C. if not having been dealt with carefully D. if having not been dealt with carefully 解析：選C。句中插入的條件狀語(yǔ)從句為省略句，是現(xiàn)在分詞完成時(shí)被動(dòng)式的否定形式。 否定詞應(yīng)置于分詞之前。 8. Mr. Smith was _______ flight to New York he remembered he had taken all the family’s keys to the doors with him. A. at; while B. on; when C. at a; when D. on a; when,解析：選D?？疾榱吮硎尽霸陲w行中”的介詞短語(yǔ)on a flight；同時(shí)又考查了“.when.”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“就在這時(shí)”。when在本題中的意思相當(dāng)于and just then，不可以用其他詞代替。 9. Jumping out of_______airplane at ten thousand feet is quite_______exciting experience. A. /; the B. /; an C. an; an D. the; the 解析：選C。第一空用an表示一類；第二空用an表示“一次（興奮的經(jīng)歷）”。 10. I thought Mr Smith has been_______ to get back to work. A. so well B. so good C. well enough D. good enough 解析：選C?？疾楣潭ù钆?。enough to do意為“足夠……以至于”；well在這里是形容詞，指“身體好”；good是形容詞，但不合題意。 11. —I hear Tom_______playing games recently. —_______no wonder he is easy to feel sleepy in class. A. is addicted to；There is B. addicts；There is C. addicts；It is D. is addicted to；It is,解析：選D。be addicted to sth./doing sth.沉溺于某事/做某事；It is no wonder that.不足為奇，二者均為固定的表達(dá)形式。句意為：——我聽說(shuō)近來(lái)Tom迷上了打游戲?！谡n堂上老打盹就不奇怪了。 12. A number of new machines were introduced from abroad，_______an increase in production. A. resulted in B. to result in C. result in D. resulting in 解析：選D?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。這里是現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞都可以作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，不定式表示意想不到的結(jié)果，而現(xiàn)在分詞表示意料之中的結(jié)果。 13. Sometimes we fail and sometimes we succeed.It is how you react that makes a_______in life. A. development B. point C. progress D. difference 解析：選D。development發(fā)展，開發(fā)；point點(diǎn)，要點(diǎn)；progress進(jìn)步，進(jìn)展；difference不同，差別。句意為：我們每個(gè)人都時(shí)而會(huì)失敗，時(shí)而會(huì)成功。怎樣對(duì)待這些才是生活中真正重要的事情。make a difference起作用，有關(guān)系，影響。,14. The Chinese are looking forward to the first_______to land on the moon after launching the lunar exploration satellite，ChangeⅡ，successfully. A. measure B. attempt C. purpose D. desire 解析：選B 。attempt to do sth.嘗試/試圖做某事，符合句意。 15. When_______different cultures，we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared 解析：選C。此處是連詞when＋分詞短語(yǔ)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句，但分詞的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)必須為同一個(gè)。此處從句的主語(yǔ)是we，compare這個(gè)動(dòng)作是we主動(dòng)進(jìn)行的，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞表示。,同學(xué)們,來(lái)學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,同學(xué)們,來(lái)學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,