英語,完形填空,1考查內(nèi)容完形填空是全國各省、地、市中考的必考題型，在中考英語試卷中一般占總分的10%15%。從近幾年的中考命題趨勢來看，完形填空基本上遵循“突出語篇，強調(diào)應(yīng)用，注重實際”的設(shè)計思路，注重測試考生運用所學(xué)的知識，對文章提供的信息進行邏輯推理、分析歸納的綜合能力。完形填空考查考生對語法、詞匯、句型、句式、詞語慣用法等的掌握情況，特別是考查動詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞等實詞，此外還有狀語從句的連接詞、詞組搭配及常用的詞語、冠詞、不定代詞等。2考查難度完形填空題型綜合性較高，難度較大。具體地說，雖然完形填空首句不挖空，但是四個選項(個別試題給出三個選項)都有較強的迷惑性和干擾性，同時命題者加大了句子的層次和語篇層次設(shè)空所占的比例，有些后置性設(shè)空的難度也較大，有的答案提示一直到篇末才出現(xiàn)，因此區(qū)分度較高。,3試題特點完形填空的基本設(shè)計形式都是從一篇短文中抽走1015處，形成空白?？梢哉f完形填空是根據(jù)一篇文章所提供的情景進行的選擇填空，也可以說它是在缺少個別單詞的情況下的閱讀理解，試題特點也逐漸出現(xiàn)了“情景推理多，語法選項少”的趨勢。預(yù)計2015年中考完形填空題將繼續(xù)體現(xiàn)“突出語篇”的命題原則，即“意義填空逐步取代語法填空”，題材和體裁的選取會更加的生活化、多樣化，選材內(nèi)容新穎，時代感強，更加強注重貼近學(xué)生的生活實際。加大對文章的結(jié)構(gòu)意義、上下文銜接、邏輯思維等內(nèi)容的考查，將是中考完形填空的命題趨勢。,1重視首句，把握開篇完形填空一般無標(biāo)題，首句通常不挖空，是完整的一句。細讀首句，可判斷文章體裁，同時可預(yù)測文章的主旨和大意。2通讀全文，掌握大意解題前，要快速掌握全文，了解文章的基本內(nèi)容和整體結(jié)構(gòu)。首先要跳過空白處，通讀全文，遇到對意思理解不透的地方時，仍要快速閱讀下去，不要把時間浪費在對個別字句的推敲上，應(yīng)全力以赴捕捉可能獲得的所有信息，盡快了解文章大意，弄清楚文章中涉及到的“W”即who(人物)，what(事件)，when(時間)，where(地點)，why(原因)，whose(相互關(guān)系)。切忌看一空填一空，以免斷章取義，誤解作者的本意。3瞻前顧后，逐步填空“瞻前顧后”，即答題時要回顧上一句，兼顧下一句。如果一句中有兩個空白處待填，在初定答案時要“雙管齊下”，在兩處同時試填，然后通讀全句，通過擇優(yōu)法或排除法最后確定答案。,4抓住關(guān)鍵詞，根據(jù)上下文解題解題時，要善于發(fā)現(xiàn)文章中起重要作用的關(guān)鍵詞、短語或句子，以便準(zhǔn)確了解所提問題的特定語境以及語篇中的內(nèi)在關(guān)系，做到言之有據(jù)。比如文章的第一句、每段的第一句和最后一句等，它們往往是全文或全段的主題句，通過它們可以知道文章的題材、大意、時間、人物和事件等。5復(fù)讀全文，驗證答案把填好的短文通讀一遍，將不合題意的答案調(diào)整或修改；如果實在無法確定，可以作推理性猜測，不可放棄不填。進行核查同時注意以下三點：(1)上下文的一致性：即時態(tài)語態(tài)的一致；代詞、名詞、單復(fù)數(shù)的一致。(2)語法和慣用法及習(xí)慣搭配、甚至語感入手，看是否符合上下文的邏輯。(3)段與段、句與句之間的銜接是否連貫。,1A.inorderBinlineCinplaceDincontrol2A.almostBhardlyCseldomDnever3A.buyBpayCprovideDraise4A.storeBhouseCmallDcentre5A.moneyBboxCleavesDbike6A.happyBsmartCsweetDlovely7A.andBasCthatDbut8A.repliedBtoldCliedDtalked9A.answertoBapplytoCexpecttoDturnto10A.hopefulBwonderfulCthankfulDhelpful,B(2014，丹東)IoftenaskedmymotherforhelpwhenIhad_1_todo.Butshealwayssaid,“Doityourself,dear.”Iwasnothappyaboutthisatall.Ithoughtshewasthe_2_motherintheworld!Forexample,oneday,Idecidedtoinvitesomefriendsof_3_tomyhome.Mybedroomwasinamess.Bookswere_4_,andIdidntmakethebed.Iaskedmymothertohelpmecleanit,_5_shestillsaid,“Doityourself.”Becauseofmy“l(fā)azymother”，I_6_towashmyclothesandcleanmyroom.Ihadtohelpmyparentsdo_7_Ievenhadtogotothedentistby_8_Itwasreallyhardformetodoeverythingwell,butIhavelearnedalot.Astime_9_，Iunderstandmymother.She_10_mecleveranddiligent(勤奮的)Sheisagreatmother.,1A.everythingeasyBanythingeasyCsomethingdifficultDnothingdifficult2A.nicestBbestCtallestDlaziest3A.IBmineCmeDmy4A.hereBthereCeverywhereDnowhere5A.butBorCthoughDso6A.volunteeredBwantedCofferedDhad7A.sportsBchoresCdecisionsDmistakes8A.myselfBherselfCourselvesDhimself9A.goesbackBgoesoverCgoesbyDgoesup10A.helpedBmadeCtaughtDthought,C(2014，河南)“Itsrainingcatsanddogs！”Grandpashouted.LittleRichiecamerunningtothewindow.Hewantedtoseethe_1_fallingfromthesky.Helookedoutofthewindow，butitwas_2_thattherewerenocatsordogs.Heonlysawsmallpoolsofwaterontheground.“Man，itsreallycomingdownoutthere！”UncleBobagreed_3_helookedoutofthewindow，too.Richiescratchedhishead(撓頭)Whatwascomingdown？Firsttheytalkedaboutcatsanddogsthat_4_beseen.Nowsomeonesaid“it”Whatwasgoingonwiththese_5_？“Wow！”AuntSusieshoutedasshelookedoutofthewindow.“Itsrainingreallyhard.”Richie_6_hisaunt.“Itisraininghard，”heagreed，“but_7_arethecatsanddogs？”Grandpalaughed.“Richie，thatjust_8_itsrainingreallyhard.”“Sowhydidntyoujustsaythat？”Richie_9_Itwasirritating(惱人的)whenpeoplespokeliketheywerenotspeakingEnglishatall.“Wedid.Youjustdidntunderstandthese_10_”Richiescousinsaidwithabigsmile.“Well，nowIdo，”Richiesaid.,1A.tigersandlionsBpigsandsheepCcatsanddogsDchickensandducks2A.importantBpossibleCnecessaryDstrange3A.unlessBafterCtillDthough4A.couldntBshouldntCneedntDmustnt5A.daysBanimalsCideasDpeople6A.shoutedatBlookedatClaughedatDpointedat7A.whatBhowCwhereDwho8A.explainsBprovesCmeansDshows9A.orderedBthoughtCrepeatedDasked10A.sayingsBquestionsCobjectsDstories,D(2014，揚州)Afirstgradestudentwhosebestfriendisfightingagainstcancerthoughtthathoursofplayingandtellingjokeswasnotenoughhewantedtoshowhowheunderstoodthe_1_timehisbuddywasgoingthrough.SevenyearoldVincentButterfield_2_tocutoffhishairinsupportofhisbestfriendZacwholosthishairthroughchemotherapy(化療)Zacisreceivingtreatmentbut_3_goestoUnionCentralElementarySchoolinMissourieveryday,_4_thatswherehegetstoplayontheswingwithVincent.VincentfoundoutthatZacmight_5_hishairbecauseofthechemotherapytreatment.Sooneday,heshowedupinthefirstgradeclasswearinga_6_.HesaidtohisteacherMrs.Koester,“IhaveasurpriseforZac.“Andhepulledoffhiscapandother_7_sawthathealreadyhadallhishair_8_off.“IdiditjusttomakeZacfeelhesnottheonlyonewithoutany_9_.“saidVincent.Vincenthasalsobeenraisingmoneyforhisbestfriendafterlearninghow_10_hischemotherapytreatmentsare.Heaskedhismothertomake_11_than20scarvesandgloves.Heandhismother_12_thematthepriceof10dollarseach,raisingover$200forZac.TheencouragementfromVincentseemstobeworking.ThoughZacisreceivingtreatments,hehas_13_missedanydaysofschool.HeknowsthatVincentisoutontheplayground,waitingforhimatbreak.Whenasked_14_friendshipwas,VincentlookedathisfriendZac,thoughtfora(an)_15_andreplied,“Itsabeautifulthing.”Clearly,wisdomdoesntalwayscomewithage.,1A.hardBExcitingCunpleasantDpleasant2A.decidedBrefusedCagreedDdisliked3A.everBNeverCJustDstill4A.thoughBbutCbecauseDso5A.raiseBaddCloseDfall6A.maskBscarfCgloveDcap7A.teachersBkidsCparentsDpatients8A.pulledBsentCcutDput9A.friendsBmoneyCclothesDhair10A.expensiveBSuccessfulCimportantDmeaningful11A.fewerBmoreCworseDbetter12A.madeBdonatedCsoldDcollected13A.alreadyBalwaysCnearlyDhardly14A.howBwhatCwhereDwhich15A.momentBhourCmorningDday,二、說明篇A(2014，南昌)Youfeeltiredandyouhavenoenergy.Youcantbreatheoutofyournoseandyourthroathurts.Dontbeafraid，youhaveprobablyjustgota_1_Everyyear,manykidsexperiencethissickfeeling.Somekidshaveuptoeightcoldseveryyear.So,what_2_isacold?Well,acoldisaninfection(傳染)Itaffects(影響)yournose,earsandthroatandmakesyoufeelsickandweak.Itsvery_3_tocatchacold.Whensomeonesneezesorcoughsnearyou,bacteria(細菌)travelthroughtheairand_4_yourbodyandthenmakeyousick.Also,ifyoutouchyournoseoreyesaftertouchingsomethingthathasbacteriaonit,_5_adoororyourdeskatschool,youcangetsick.Someofthesymptoms(癥狀)ofacold_6_afever,asorethroatandacough.Ifyousneeze,orifyournoseisrunnyandyour_7_arewatery,youveprobablygotacold.Mostpeoplewhohavegotacoldfeelverytiredanddonthavemuchenergytodoanything.Acoldisnotapleasantthingto_8_However,therearesomethingsyoucandotofeelbetter.Youshouldhavehotdrinks_9_youvegotasorethroatandcough.Youshouldeathealthyfoodsandgetalotofrestsoyourbodycanbestrongenoughtofightyourcold.Ifyouvegotafever,orifyouarentfeelingbetterwithinafewdays,youshouldvisityourdoctorandtakesomemedicine.Acoldcanbefrustrating,_10_justrememberthattherearemanythingsyoucandotofeelbetterandgetstronger.Takecareofyourbodyandstayhealthy.,1A.coughBheadacheCfeverDcold2A.exactlyBnearlyCclearlyDfirstly3A.difficultBnecessaryCeasyDhelpful4A.buildBenterCfeelDfind5A.likeBonCbehindDwith6A.takeBcatchCtumDinclude7A.legsBarmsCeyesDears8A.doBmakeCpassDexperience9A.untilBsoCifDunless10A.thenBbutCandDor,B(2013，綏化)TheDragonBoatFestivaliscelebrated_1_thefifthdayofthefifthlunarmonthby_2_zongziandholdingdragonboatraces.ThefestivalbeganduringtheperiodofWarringStates(戰(zhàn)國時期)，andhasahistoryofmorethan2，000years.Thedateofthefestival_3_tobethedate_4_QuYuandied.Hewasawiseandupright(正直的)man，andwasloved_5_people.HewantedtheemperorofChu_6_againsttheStateofQinwiththecooperation(聯(lián)合)withthestateofQi，_7_wasrefusedandsenttotheborderarea.Duringhisstayinotherstates，hewrote_8_poemsexpressinghisstrong_9_forChu.OnthedaywhenChuwasdefeatedbyQin，QuYuan_10_intoMiluoRivertoexpresshisstrongloveforhisnativelandbytakinghisownlife.Afterthe_11_ofQuYuan，peopleofChuwenttoMiluoRivertomourn(哀悼)overthegreat_12_theylovedsomuch.Somethreweggsandricewrappedinleavesintotherivertofeedthefish_13_keepthemawayfromQuYuan.Somedoctorspouredrealgarwine_14_therivertokillsnakesandotheranimalsthatmighttrytoeatQuYuan.NowtheDragonBoatFestivalhasbecomea_15_festivalfortheChinesepeople.,1A.atBonCin2A.eatingBtoeatCate3A.saidBissaidCsays4A.whenBwhereCwhy5A.inBwithCby6A.tofightBfightingCfight7A.orBbutCso8A.muchBalotCmany9A.feelingBfeelingsCfelt10A.jumpedBlookedCturned11A.dieBdeathCdead12A.poetBdoctorCteacher13A.inorderthatBsothatCinorderto14A.intoBfromCoutof15A.modernBtraditionalCinternational,C(2014，安徽)InChina,veryfewchildrenmakepocketmoney._1_，inwesterncountries,mostkidsmakepocketmoneybythemselves.Theymakemoneyinmanydifferent_2_Whenkidsareveryyoung,theirparentshelpthemsellthefruitsoftheirowntreestoneighbours.Kidsmayalsohelp_3_dohouseworktomakemoneyathome.Whenthey_4_sixteen,theycanmakemoneybysendingnewspapersorbyworkinginfastfoodrestaurants，_5_duringthesummerholidays.Therearemany_6_ofmakingpocketmoneybykidsthemselves.Firstofall,theylearnthe_7_ofmoneybyworkinghardsothattheywillnotwasteany.Secondly,theylearnto_8_moneytobuythingstheyneedorwant,suchasbooks,pencils,movies,andevenclothestheylike.Thirdly,theylearnto_9_thedailylifeproblemsbyhelpingtheirparentsorothers.Makingpocketmoneyis_10_forchildrenwhentheygrowup.Thatiswhyparentsencouragetheirkidstomakepocketmoney.,1A.AlsoBAnywayCHoweverDBesides2A.waysBlevelsChomesDcountries3A.teachersBfriendsCparentsDneighbours4A.getBhaveCcatchDreach5A.reallyBhardlyCproperlyDespecially6A.choicesBadvantagesCproblemsDlessons7A.funBvalueCmessageDpurpose8A.countBwasteCmanageDchange9A.giveupBlookupCdealwithDmeetwith10A.helpfulBcarefulCbeautifulDsuccessful,三、議論篇A(2014，南京)NaturalresourcesarethingsthatweusethatcomefromEarth.Ournaturalresourcesarelimited.Thismeansthattheywillnot_1_forever.Somearerenewable,likewhenyouplantanewtreewhenyou_2_onedown.Othersarenotrenewable,likewhenyoudigcoal(煤)outofthe_3_Onceitisused,itisgone.Peoplerealizethe_4_thatEarthsnaturalresourcesarelimited,andcandothingstohelpconserve(節(jié)約)thoseresources._5_youtrytoconserveanaturalresource,youtrytouselessofit,soitdoesnotgetusedupso_6_Onewaythatpeopleconservefuel,likegasoline,isbyridingabicycleorwalkingwhenthe_7_isshortinsteadofdrivingeverywhere.Waterisaveryimportantnaturalresourcebecauseweallneedittostay_8_Wecanconservewater_9_makingsurethatourpipesandtapsdonotleak(漏)Wecanalsomake_10_choicestoconservewater,likeonlyusingthedishwasherorwashingmachinewhentheyarefull.Everyonecanmakecontributionstoprotectingnaturalresources.,1A.lastBspreadCburnDchange2A.turnBcutCputDmove3A.stationBbuildingCgroundDbrick4A.newsBplanCdecisionDfact5A.WhenBAlthoughCWhateverDWhether6A.slowlyBhardCregularlyDfast7A.moneyBspaceCplaceDdistance8A.aliveBaloneCasleepDawake9A.aboutBforCbyDwith10A.generousBfunnyCwiseDsurprising,B(2014，重慶)“Whowouldyouliketochangeyourlifewithifpossible？”Lastweek,weaskedmanymiddleschoolstudentsthisquestion.Thefollowingaresomeoftheir_1_ZhangYike,12Iwanttochangemylifewithmyfriend，WangXiaohui.SheisstudyinginEnglandnow.Shehas_2_tomanycountries,suchastheUSandFrance.TheyaretheplacesIwishtovisit.Whatsmore,she_3_muchbetterEnglishthanme.IfIchangemylifewithher,Icanvisitmanybeautifulcountries,eatdelicious_4_andmeetdifferentkindsofpeoplethere.QiuHaoran,14IdliketochangemylifewithChineseteacherMissZhao.MissZhaoisaverykindlady.She_5_alot,soshealwayshassomany_6_storiestotellus.Wealllikeherclasses.Ialsowanttobesuchanexcellentteacherandbe_7_withmystudents.TanBo,13Iwillchangemylifewithmyelderbrother.Mybrotherisacollegestudentnow.Hedoesnthavetogotoclassallthetime.Hecanstudy_8_heisinterestedin.Andheevenhasaparttimejobtomakemoney.To_9_，allofthesesoundveryinteresting.Ireallywantalife_10_that.,1A.answersBproblemsCquestionsDchanges2A.goneBcomeCbeenDmoved3A.saysBspeaksCtalksDtells4A.drinkBairCfoodDwater5A.teachesBknowsCthinksDasks6A.longBshortCterribleDinteresting7A.busyBangryCpopularDserious8A.thatBwhichCwhoDwhat9A.meBhimCyouDthem10A.atBonCforDlike,C(2014，廣東)Mikewasreadinginthegardenwhenhismothercame.ShepointedtosomethingandaskedMikewhatitwas.Mikefeltquite_1_，buthetoldheritwasasparrow(庥雀)andgotbackintoreading.Severalminuteslater,hismotherpointedtothesamesparrowandaskedthesamequestionagain.Mikegotalittleangrybut_2_answeredherquestion.Afteralittlewhile,hismotherdidthesamethingoncemore.ThistimeMikecouldnot_3_hisanger.Heshoutedatherfor_4_himagainandagain.Theoldladysilently_5_anolddiary,turnedtoapageandshowedittoMike.Thoughalittleimpatient,Mikebegantoreadit.“Today,IwaswateringtheflowersinthegardenwhenlittleMikepointedtoa_6_onthegrassandaskedmewhatitwas.I_7_athim,saiditwasasparrowandkissedhim.AfterawhileMikeaskedmeagainandIdidthesame.Pointingtothesamesparrow,littleMikeaskedmewhatitwastwentytimesandI_8_answeringhisquestionandkissinghimeverytime.“SomethinggentlytouchedMikes_9_Hisfaceturnedredwith_10_forbeingsoimpatienttohismotherandhehuggedhertight.Yourparentshavegivenyoumanythingsintheirlifetime,butyoumaynotrealizethatuntiltheyaregone.,1A.angryBlonelyCproudDsurprised2A.stillBalwaysCalreadyDseldom3A.showBleaveCcontrolDdiscover4A.refusingBsupportingCencouragingDdisturbing5A.setoutBtookoutCputoutDlookedout6A.foxBfrogCbirdDrabbit7A.threwBsmiledCshoutedDlaughed8A.putonBkeptonCtriedonDdependedon9A.faceBmouthCheartDshoulder10A.shameBfearChappinessDkindness,D(2014，陜西)WhenIwasaboutsixyearsold,mybrotherDavidandIvisitedouraunt,Mary.Westayedinherhouseforanight.Davidwasonly4yearsold,andwasstill_1_ofthedark,soMaryleftthehalllightonwhenweslept.However,David_2_thegreymoths(蛾)flyingaroundthehalllight.HeaskedMarytomakethemothsgoaway.Whensheasked_3_，hesimplysaid,“Becausetheyareuglyandscary,Idontlikethem.”Marylaughedandsaid,“Beinguglyoutsidedoesnt_4_notbeingbeautifulinside.Infact,mothsareoneofthemostbeautifulanimalsintheanimalworld.”“Once,theangels(天使)were_5_Theyweresadbecauseitwasrainingheavily.The_6_littlemothshatedtoseeotherssosad.Theydecidedtomakearainbowtocheeruptheangels.Theythoughtifthebutterflies_7_，theycouldmakeabeautifulrainbowtogether.“Thenoneofthemothswenttoaskthebutterfliesforhelp.Butthebutterfliesdidntwantto_8_anyoftheircolors,sothemothsdecidedtomakearainbowthemselves.Theybeattheirwingsveryhardandthecolorsonthemmadearainbow.Theykeptgivingalittlemoreandalittlemore_9_therainbowwentacrossthesky.Theyhadgivenawayalltheircolorsexceptgrey,whichdidntmatchthebeautifulrainbow.“Thentheoncecolorfulmothsbecame_10_Theanglessawtherainbowandsmiled”Mybrotherwenttosleepwiththatstoryandhasntfearedmothssincethen.,1A.afraidBsureCproudDhappy2A.likedBhatedCletDkilled3A.howBwhatCwhenDwhy4A.meanBmakeCknowDhope5A.laughingBplayingCcryingDtalking6A.kindBangryCuglyDsad7A.refusedBadvisedChelpedDleft8A.giveupBpickupCturnupDlookup9A.unlessBuntilCafterDsince10A.redByellowCgreenDgrey,E(2014，鹽城)TheOtherSideoftheWallTherewasayoungwomanwhotookgreatprideinherflowergarden.Shewasraisedbyhergrandmotherwhotaughthertoloveand_1_forflowers.Soherflowergardenwasthebest.Oneday,whileshewaslookingthroughaflowerlistsheoften_2_from,apictureofaplantcaughthereyes.Shehadnever_3_blooms(花)onaflowerlikethatbefore.“Ihavetohaveit，”shesaidtoherself,andshe_4_orderedit.Whenitarrived,shealreadyhada_5_preparedtoplantit.Sheplanteditatthebackofheryard.Itgrewwell,withbeautifulgreenleavesalloverit,_6_therewerenoblooms.Dayafterdayshecontinuedtowaterit,feedit,andsheeventalkedtoittryingtomakeitbloom.However,itwas_7_.Onemorningweekslater,whenstandingbeforethevine,shefeltvery_8_thatherplanthadnotbloomed.Shewasgivingthoughtto_9_itdownandplantingsomethingelseinitsplace.Itwasatthispointthatherneighbor,whose_10_joinedhers,calledovertoher.“Thankyousomuch!YoucantimaginehowmuchIhave_11_thebloomsofthatvineyouplanted.”Theyoungwomanwalked_12_thegateintoherneighborsyard,andsureenough,shesawthatontheothersideofthewallthevinewas_13_withblooms.Therewereindeedthemostbeautifulbloomsshehad_14_seen.Thevinehadgrownthroughthecrevices(縫隙)andithadnotfloweredon_15_sideofthewall,butithadfloweredontheotherside.Sometimesonemaynotseethegoodresultofhiseffort,butthatdoesntmeanitisntsuccessful.,1A.lookBcareCsearchDpay2A.learnedBheardCorderedDborrowed3A.seenBsmeltCsoldDpicked4A.finallyBCarefullyCsuddenlyDimmediately5.A.placeBboxCcupDroom6A.andBsoCorDbut7A.endlessBuselessCsuccessfulDhopeful8A.excitedBnervousCsadDfrightened9A.puttingBcuttingCturningDtaking10A.balconyBkitchenCbedroomDyard11A.enjoyedBdreamedCexpectedDhated12A.throughBacrossCaboveDbelow13A.satisfiedBconnectedCfilledDpleased14.A.neverBeverCseldomDusually15A.itsBhisCherDtheir,