第二節(jié) 時(shí)態(tài)的應(yīng)用,河北中考重難點(diǎn)突破【滿分點(diǎn)撥】一、時(shí)態(tài)的判斷根據(jù)河北近5年真題分析可以看出，初中階段需掌握六種基本時(shí)態(tài)。學(xué)生應(yīng)掌握動詞時(shí)態(tài)的判斷技巧來解題，如根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語確定時(shí)態(tài)；利用上下文語意判斷句子的時(shí)態(tài)；根據(jù)上下文已有的時(shí)態(tài)信息確定時(shí)態(tài)；在復(fù)合句中根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)確定時(shí)態(tài)；固定句型與動詞時(shí)態(tài)間的對應(yīng)關(guān)系；根據(jù)特定動詞與時(shí)態(tài)的對應(yīng)關(guān)系；根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)中的“特殊”對策(如客觀真理等)?！痉椒ㄍ黄啤?根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語確定時(shí)態(tài)(2015年34題，2015年36題，2014年39題，2013年45題，2012年43題)根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語判斷時(shí)態(tài)在河北中考中主要體現(xiàn)在詞語運(yùn)用和連詞成句題型中。now，at present，at the moment，these days，look，listen等標(biāo)志著現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；just now，ago，in 1980，this morning，yesterday，the other day，used to，last night/week/month /year(last系列)等標(biāo)志著一般過去時(shí)；at 1：00 last night，at that moment，this time yesterday等標(biāo)志著過去進(jìn)行時(shí)；tomorrow，from now on，soon，in the future，next week/month/year(next系列)等標(biāo)志著一般將來時(shí)；yet，just，before，recently，once，already，lately，ever，never，since 1996，for ten years等標(biāo)志著現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；除了上面這些時(shí)間狀語提示時(shí)態(tài)外，某些副詞也有這種作用，如：often，always，usually，never，seldom等表示頻率的副詞應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)?！镜淅饰觥?2015河北34題)( )Were proud that China _ stronger and stronger these years.Awill become BbecameCis becoming Dwas becoming【答案】C【解題技巧】考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。句意：我們自豪的是現(xiàn)在中國正變得越來越強(qiáng)大了。時(shí)間狀語these days“如今，現(xiàn)在”，是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志。故本題選C。2利用上下文語意判斷句子的時(shí)態(tài)(2015年31題，2014年37題，2014年42題，2013年36題，2013年43題，2012年38題，2012年40題，2012年41題，2011年38題，2011年42題)如果一個(gè)英語句子中既沒有出現(xiàn)時(shí)間狀語，也沒有可供判斷時(shí)態(tài)的上下文，那么就應(yīng)當(dāng)把這個(gè)句子翻譯成中文，利用我們的母語知識來判斷這個(gè)句子該用何種時(shí)態(tài)?！镜淅饰觥?2015河北31題)( )I _ the shops.Can I get you anything?Ago to Bwent toChave gone to Dam going to【答案】D【解題技巧】考查一般將來時(shí)。句意：我將去商店，我能給你買些東西嗎？根據(jù)Can I get you anything？可知?jiǎng)幼鳑]有發(fā)生，故用一般將來時(shí)，go的將來時(shí)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示。故選D。3根據(jù)上下文已有的時(shí)態(tài)信息確定時(shí)態(tài)(2015年32題，2014年40題，2013年37題，2012年43題)有些試題雖然看起來沒有時(shí)間狀語提示詞，也不是出現(xiàn)在復(fù)合句中，但是上下句的動作存在著明顯的時(shí)間順序差距，因此可根據(jù)上下文已有的時(shí)態(tài)來判斷本句所要選用的時(shí)態(tài)。【典例剖析】(2015河北32題)( )Paula is pleased that she _ her lost watch.Afinds BfoundChas found Dwill find【答案】C【解題技巧】考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。句意：Paula是高興的，她找到了她丟失的手表。根據(jù)找到丟失的手表，可知?jiǎng)幼靼l(fā)生在過去，又根據(jù)前文is pleased，可知過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成了影響，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。4在復(fù)合句中根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)確定時(shí)態(tài)主從復(fù)合句中謂語動詞時(shí)態(tài)的一致主要有以下幾種情況：“主將從現(xiàn)”原則。如果主句是一般將來時(shí)，從句是由when，after，before，notuntil，as soon as等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句以及由if，unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中，謂語動詞應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來時(shí)間。(2013年35題)【典例剖析】(2013河北35題)( )Henry will give us a report as soon as he _.Awill arrive Bwas arrivingCarrives Darrived【答案】C【解題技巧】考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。as soon as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”原則，即主句用一般將來時(shí)，從句需用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故選C?！皶r(shí)態(tài)一致”原則。在含有賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句中，當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞為過去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句的謂語動詞須用相應(yīng)的某種過去時(shí)態(tài)。(2007年45題)【典例剖析】(2007河北45題)( )I didnt understand _，so I raised my hand to ask.Awhat my teacher saysBwhat does my teacher sayCwhat my teacher saidDwhat did my teacher say【答案】C【解題技巧】考查賓語從句的語序及時(shí)態(tài)。賓語從句需用陳述句語序，排查B和D項(xiàng)。再根據(jù)“時(shí)態(tài)一致”原則，即主句的謂語動詞為過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句的謂語動詞須用相應(yīng)的某種過去時(shí)態(tài)。故選C。在主從復(fù)合句中，如果主句和從句的謂語動詞表示的兩個(gè)動作都發(fā)生在過去，而且有明顯的先后順序，那么，延續(xù)性動詞用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，短暫性動詞用一般過去時(shí)。通常在when和while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句出現(xiàn)。(2008年27題，2007年35題，2006年34題)【典例剖析】(2008河北27題)( )The Children _ a PE.class on the playground when it suddenly began to rain.Ahave Bare havingChad Dwere having【答案】D【解題技巧】考查過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)，且“begin”為短暫性動詞，那主句表示延續(xù)性的謂語動詞應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。當(dāng)主句謂語動詞的時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)等時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，后面跟的賓語從句中的謂語動詞的時(shí)態(tài)不受主句時(shí)態(tài)的限制，可根據(jù)具體情況，選用各種合適的時(shí)態(tài)。(2012年45題，2011年45題，2010年45題，2009年45題，2006年45題)【典例剖析】(2011年河北45題)( )Jenny is on holiday now.I wonder _Awhen she will come backBwhen she came backCwhen will she come backDwhen did she come back【答案】A【解題技巧】考查賓語從句的語序及時(shí)態(tài)。賓語從句需用陳述句語序，排查C和D項(xiàng)。本題遵循當(dāng)主句謂語動詞的時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)等時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，后面跟的賓語從句中的謂語動詞的時(shí)態(tài)不受主句時(shí)態(tài)的限制。再根據(jù)上句她正在度假可知回來肯定是將來的事。故選A。在含有“since從句”的主從復(fù)合句中，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句常用一般過去時(shí)。另外，在“Its一段時(shí)間since從句”句式中，since后面的從句一般用一般過去時(shí)?！镜淅饰觥?2014安徽中考改編)( )Rick _ a lot about Chinese culture since he came to China.Alearns BlearnedChas learned Dare learning【答案】C【解題技巧】考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。since引導(dǎo)的主從復(fù)合句中“主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)”。所以本題可根據(jù)從句中的“came”判斷出主句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，自從他來中國后就一直學(xué)習(xí)中國文化，這個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)的動作發(fā)生在過去，但是到目前為止還沒有結(jié)束且可能還會持續(xù)下去。故選C。5固定句型與動詞時(shí)態(tài)間的對應(yīng)關(guān)系(2009年36題)在英語中，不少句型與一些動詞在時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用方面都存在著特定的對應(yīng)關(guān)系，如：在“祈使句and/or陳述句”句型中，陳述句中用will表示一般將來時(shí)。【典例剖析】(2009河北36題)( )Keep practicing and you _ your English.Aimprove Bwill improveCimproved Dwere improved【答案】B【解題技巧】考查一般將來時(shí)。這是“祈使句and/ or陳述句”句型，陳述句的謂語要用“will動詞原形”，故選B。在This/That/It is the first time that句型中用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。若is改為was，就用過去完成時(shí)；有時(shí)以上結(jié)構(gòu)中的first也可換成second，third，fourth等；其中的time也可換成其他名詞?！镜淅饰觥? )Do you know our town at all?No，this is the first time I _ here.Awas Bhave been Ccame Dam coming【答案】B【解題技巧】考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。This is the first time后面所加從句應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選B。6根據(jù)特定動詞與時(shí)態(tài)的對應(yīng)關(guān)系(2014年44題)在英語里有些動詞與時(shí)態(tài)有著特定的對應(yīng)關(guān)系，如see(看見)，hear(聽見)，find(找到)等詞的用法與上下文的時(shí)態(tài)有對應(yīng)的提示作用，如see sb. do/doing sth.，hear sb. do/doing sth.。【典例剖析】(2015河北37題)( )I saw Jeff in the park.He _ on the grass and reading a book.Asits BsatCis sitting Dwas sitting【答案】D【解題技巧】考查過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。根據(jù)上文語境“我看到杰夫在公園里”。saw表明動作發(fā)生在過去。又根據(jù)reading a book，可知前后句表并列關(guān)系，故用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。7根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)中的“特”對策(如客觀真理等)當(dāng)賓語從句表述的是客觀事實(shí)、科學(xué)真理、格言或現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣行為時(shí)，其謂語動詞的時(shí)態(tài)不受主句謂語動詞時(shí)態(tài)的限制，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)?！镜淅饰觥? )The teacher told us that light _ faster than sound.Atraveled BtravelsCis traveling Dwill travel【答案】B【解題技巧】考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。由常識可知“光比聲音傳播得快”是客觀真理，必須使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故選B。二、常見易混時(shí)態(tài)辨析1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的易混辨析一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作，或現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)長期性、穩(wěn)定性；而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)是指現(xiàn)在此刻或現(xiàn)在這一時(shí)期內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作，強(qiáng)調(diào)暫時(shí)性，不穩(wěn)定性。如：He usually gets up at six in the morning.(經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動作)She is an English woman.(現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài))We are working on the farm these days.(現(xiàn)在這期間的動作，表示這幾天暫時(shí)在農(nóng)場上幫忙)Look！The boys are fighting.(現(xiàn)在此刻所發(fā)生的動作)注意：不宜用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的動詞：表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動詞，如：love，like，hate，care，know，understand，forget，remember，believe，want，agree，wish，mean等；表示存在的動詞，如：be，lie(位于)等；表示一瞬間就發(fā)生的動作，如：get，buy，end，receive等。如：I like English very much.我非常喜歡英語。(表示情感)Mexico lies to the south of Texas.墨西哥位于德克薩斯州的南邊。(表示存在)2一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的易混辨析兩者都表示過去發(fā)生的事情。但一般過去時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的事情本身，不涉及與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響。主要說明現(xiàn)在的情況。如：I opened the door just now.我剛才打開了門。(指剛才做了“開門”的動作，但現(xiàn)在門是否開著，并未說明。)I have opened the door.我已經(jīng)把門打開了。(門現(xiàn)在還開著)3一般過去時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的易混辨析一般過去時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生過，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作結(jié)束了，側(cè)重于事實(shí)。而過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動作在過去某時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的持續(xù)性和未完成性。如：I wrote a letter to a friend last night.(信寫完了，強(qiáng)調(diào)事實(shí))I was writing a letter to a friend last night.(信不一定寫完，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作)4表示“將來時(shí)態(tài)”幾種形式的易混辨析在初中階段，我們學(xué)了will/shall動詞原形，be going to動詞原形，be doing以及一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)等四種形式表達(dá)將來時(shí)。will/shall表示單純的將來(即現(xiàn)在之后)。如：He will be back in a few days.他幾天之后回來。(單純將來)注意：在含有if的條件狀語從句中，主句要用will表示將來時(shí)。例如：If it doesnt rain tomorrow，we will go climbing.如果明天不下雨，我們就去爬山。be going to動詞原形多用于口語，強(qiáng)調(diào)事先的“打算、計(jì)劃”要做的事情或有某種跡象要發(fā)生的事情。如：What are you going to do this evening？你今晚準(zhǔn)備做什么？(打算)Look！There are so many clouds in the sky.Its going to rain，I think.看，天空烏云密布。我覺得是要下雨了。(有跡象要發(fā)生的事情)be doing現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示即將發(fā)生的將來，多與表示位移的動詞come，go，arrive，leave，fly，start等連用。如：She is leaving for Beijing.她就要啟程去北京。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來時(shí)，主要用于時(shí)間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中；或者用來表示按時(shí)刻表的規(guī)定將要發(fā)生的動作。如：Ill tell him about it as soon as I see him.一見到他我就會告訴他這件事。My plane takes off at seven tomorrow morning.我的航班明天早上11點(diǎn)起飛。【考點(diǎn)搶測】( D )1.(2016石家莊18縣市聯(lián)考)My sister wants a new dress.She _ it to the party.Awears Bhas wornCwore Dis going to wear( C )2.(2016石家莊18縣市聯(lián)考)I _ my homework，I guess I cant join you.Adont finish Bdidnt finishChavent finished Dwont finish( C )3.(2016邯鄲升學(xué)二模)She _ the bike for two years，but it still looks nice.Ahad BboughtChas had Dhas bought( D )4.(2016邯鄲升學(xué)二模)Turn down the TV，dear.Our son _ for his report in the study.Aprepares Bhas preparedCprepared Dis preparing( B )5.(2016邯鄲升學(xué)二模)Look at the picture in my room！My father _ it in England.Atakes BtookCwill take Dis taking( B )6.(2016路北區(qū)九年級二模)If people _ the traffic rules，there will be fewer traffic jams and accidents.Awill obey BobeyCbreak Dwill break( B )7.(2016石家莊28中模擬)Leave me alone，please！I _ on a difficult problem.Awork Bam workingCworked Dhave worked( D )8.(2016石家莊28中模擬)Miss Brown，we _ cleaning the classroom.Can we go home now?Afinish Bare finishingCfinished Dhave finished( D )9.(2016張家口二模)I didnt see clearly how the accident happened because it _ heavily.Ais raining BrainsCwill rain Dwas raining( B )10.(2016張家口升學(xué)二模)Tony _ his bag in the school library.He has to get it back.Aleaves BleftCis leaving Dwas leaving ,河北中考考點(diǎn)精練一、單項(xiàng)選擇( C )1.(2016江西中考)May I speak to Mrs.Black?Sorry，mom cant come to the phone now.She_a shower.Ahas BhadCis having Dwas having( C )2.(2016綿陽中考)Anita，where is your brother?He_out in the garden with a group of kids.Aplays BplayedCis playing Dhas played( D )3.(2016北京中考)Please dont make so much noise.The baby_now.Asleeps BsleptCwill sleep Dis sleeping( D )4.(2016黔東南州中考)Hurry up！We_for you at the gate.Im sorry，Im coming soon.Await Bwill waitChave been waited Dare waiting( A )5.(2016畢節(jié)中考)Its six oclock in the morning.Many people_in the park.Aare dancing BdanceCis dancing Ddances( B )6.(2016成都中考)Lily，where is your father now？Go and get him for lunch.Just a moment，please.Father_a phone call in his room.Amakes Bis makingCwas making Dmade( C )7.(2016河南中考)Everyone wants to reach the top of the mountain，but all the happiness happens while you_it.Aclimb BclimbedCare climbing Dhave climbed( B )8.(2016南京中考)Hi，Nora.Is your mother at home?Just a minute！She_flowers in the garden.Aplant Bis plantingCplanted Dwas planting( B )9.(2016永州中考)_you ever_to the Great Wall?Yes，Three times.AHas；been BHave；beenCHave；gone DDid；go ( C )10.(2016寧夏中考)Look！Someone_the classroom.Well，it wasnt me.I didnt do it.Ais cleaning Bwas cleaningChas cleaned Dwill clean( A )11.(2016蘇州中考)Hobo and Eddie_the cinema to watch the film Zootopia.Oh，thats why I cant find them now.Ahave gone to Bhave been toChas gone to Dhas been to( C )12.(2016武漢中考)I dont feel very well，Jack.Im afraid you_me your cold.Agive Bhad givenChave given Dwould give( C )13.(2016北京中考)Its nice to see you again.We_each other since 2014.Awont see Bdont seeChavent seen Ddidnt see( A )14.(2016黔南州中考)Rick_a lot about Chinese culture since he came to China.Ahas learned Bwill learnClearns Dlearned( D )15.(2016煙臺中考)Lucy has_to London.How can I get in touch with her?Dont worry.She will phone you as soon as she_there.Abeen；will get Bbeen；getsCgone；will get Dgone；gets( B )16.(2016北京中考)Where did you go last weekend?I_to the Great Wall.Ago BwentCwill go Dhave gone( B )17.(2016上海中考)Last week Vivian_a dress for her mother with her firstmonth salary.Abuy BboughtCwill buy Dwould buy( C )18.(2016廣東中考)School violence(暴力)_much attention of the whole society and people are calling on the government to make laws against it as early as possible.Adrew Bwill drawChas drawn Dwas drawing( A )19.(2016重慶中考)Dont worry.Bill will help you look after your dog when you_away on business.Aare BwereCwill be Dhave been( C )20.(2016黃石中考)Many scientist believe that robots_able to talk like humans in 50 years.Awere BareCwill be Dhave been( D )21.(2016石家莊新華區(qū)中考模擬)My family_the tea garden last summer.Avisit Bwill visitChave visited Dvisited( D )22.(2016石家莊橋西區(qū)中考模擬)Tom，could you give me a hand now?Sorry，mom.I_a picture for tomorrows game.Adraw BdrewCwas drawing Dam drawing( B )23.(2016石家莊橋西區(qū)中考模擬)Our math teacher looks sad.Maybe he_what happened to him.Ais knowing Bhas known Cmust know Dwill know( D )24.(2016石家莊橋西區(qū)中考模擬)Why didnt you answer my telephone yesterday evening?Sorry.I_a bath.Atake BtookCam taking Dwas taking( C )25.(2016張家口升學(xué)一模)There is going to be an important meeting in Beijing next week.Thats right.And my boss_for Beijing to attend it.Aleft Bwas leavingCis leaving Dleaves ( B )26.(2016張家口升學(xué)一模)Your new watch is so beautiful!Oh，thank you.I_it during my visit to Shanghai.Abuy BboughtCwill buy Dhave bought( C )27.(2016張家口升學(xué)一模)Danny didnt see the cat catching a fish because he_the NBA game.Awatches Bis watching Cwas watching Dwatched( D )28.(2016張家口升學(xué)一模)Did you return the book to the library yesterday?No，I_reading it.Afinished Bdidnt finish Chave finished Dhavent finished( B )29.(2016裕華區(qū)中考模擬)Excuse me，where is Mr.Smiths office?Sorry，I_here for only a few days.Aworks Bhave workedChave come Dworked( D )30.(2016蘇州中考)Oh，dear! A power cut!Sorry，I dont know you_the washing machine.Aare using BusedCuse Dwere using( A )31.(2016無錫中考)My mind wasnt on what he was saying so Im afraid I_half of it.Amissed Bwas missing Cwill miss Dwould miss( B )32.(2016連云港中考)Did Billy and Anna find a way out at last?Yes，they_a plan and did it.Awere working outBworked out Care working outDhave worked out二、連詞成句1(2016路南區(qū)質(zhì)檢一)ten，in，have，years，we，Beijing，for，stay_We_have_stayed_in_Beijing_for_ten_years_2(2016路南區(qū)質(zhì)檢一)basketball，the，week，the，win，last，boys，game_The_boys_won_the_basketball_game_last_week3(2016保定調(diào)研)spring，take，I，last，them_I_took_them_last_spring_4(2016河北豐潤區(qū)三模)coat，out，and，Tony，put，go，his，on_Tony_puts_on_his_coat_and_goes_out_5(2017原創(chuàng)預(yù)測)the Smiths，party，yesterday，have，a_The_Smiths_had_a_party_yesterday_