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題型六　閱讀理解(二) 第一節(jié)　選擇型 該題型為2016年新增題型，文體為議論文，話題為“中國(guó)因什么而驕傲”。本題型在閱讀題材及問(wèn)答形式上做出了大膽的嘗試與突破，體現(xiàn)了實(shí)用性與開(kāi)放性原則。 (2016，山西) Recently，a very simple question became widely spread online: What China should be proud of? __1__ Lanlan，whose real name is Negar Kordi，is from Canada.She came to China five years ago and is a student at Ningbo University.Now she has 120，000 fans on the Internet and the number is still growing. Lanlan loves China and Chinese.__2__ And thats why she is so well received among Chinese net friends.The following is China in her eyes. “It is the easiest country in which to find a job.If you are not too lazy，it is really very simple to find a job in China.I believe therere more job chances here than in any other country in the world.” “__3__ About 400 million Chinese are studying English.If they can speak good English in the future，China will have the greatest number of English speakers of any nonEnglish speaking country.” “The speed of Chinese trains is fast.From Ningbo to Beijing，the train runs 1，365 kilometers for seven hours and the ticket fare is only 595 yuan.” “Its public security is great.__4__ I have travelled in many countries，and I think China really is very safe.” “There are much more things China should be proud of.Many Chinese people often criticize(批評(píng)) China.At first，I believed that they didnt like China or that they loved Western countries.But later，I realized that they just set a very high standard for China.__5__ China must be much better than other countries.” A．The foreign language level is surprising. B．This country of 1.4 billion people makes me feel safe. C．A foreign girl living in China gave a very touching answer. D．They believe that its not enough to be number one in the world. E．She believes China will be the strongest country in the world in future. 1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. ________ 【主旨大意】本文是一篇議論文。文章從來(lái)自加拿大的蘭蘭的角度闡述了“中國(guó)因什么而驕傲”這一話題，旨在培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的愛(ài)國(guó)情懷，激發(fā)同學(xué)們對(duì)祖國(guó)發(fā)展之快的驕傲之情。 1．C　【解析】由下文提到的“Lanlan”可知為過(guò)渡句，承接上文，引出下文。故選C。 2．E　【解析】由上句提到的“Lanlan loves China and Chinese”可知下文表達(dá)蘭蘭對(duì)中國(guó)的發(fā)展抱有很大的信心。故選E。 3．A　【解析】挖空句位于句首，為本段的主旨句，本段談?wù)摰氖侵袊?guó)人學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的情況，A項(xiàng)與內(nèi)容相關(guān)。 4．B　【解析】由上句“Its public security is great.”可知本段談?wù)摰氖前踩珕?wèn)題，B項(xiàng)與內(nèi)容相關(guān)。 5．D　【解析】本句談?wù)摰氖恰安糠种袊?guó)人對(duì)中國(guó)的期望值過(guò)高，認(rèn)為中國(guó)不足以成為世界第一”，故選D。 第二節(jié)　圖表型 此類題型不僅要求考生讀懂文章，還要求考生能夠用自己的語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)要地回答有關(guān)問(wèn)題；既考查考生的閱讀理解能力，也考查考生的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)能力和概括能力。另外，對(duì)考生的拼寫能力、語(yǔ)法掌握能力也提出了一定的要求，再加上解答這樣的題型幾乎沒(méi)有猜題的技巧可言，加大了做題的難度。要想取得較好的成績(jī)，好的解題步驟和技巧是非常重要的。本題型答題應(yīng)注意以下五點(diǎn)： 一、在答題前，先快速瀏覽短文之后的問(wèn)題。以便于在閱讀的時(shí)候，有意識(shí)地留意文中出現(xiàn)的與問(wèn)題有關(guān)的信息。 二、認(rèn)真細(xì)讀全文及所給圖表，了解短文及圖表中的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容，包括人物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、內(nèi)容、原因、數(shù)量、結(jié)果及圖片各個(gè)要素之間的關(guān)系等，即who, when, where, what, why, how many，how等基本要素信息，并作出不同的標(biāo)記，以備答題時(shí)一目了然，提高答題速度和效率。 三、仔細(xì)閱讀問(wèn)題，在理解題意的基礎(chǔ)上，從文中或圖片中提取所需要的信息進(jìn)行逐一回答，此時(shí)一定要注意圖片之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，讀懂圖片以后，再認(rèn)真組織語(yǔ)言，注意書寫的清晰度與準(zhǔn)確性，注意語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的邏輯性和嚴(yán)密性。 四、對(duì)于具有歸納與總結(jié)性的問(wèn)題，需要對(duì)所給圖文中的信息材料進(jìn)行甄別與篩選，綜合相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行必要的轉(zhuǎn)換、歸納和概括。 五、對(duì)于開(kāi)放性試題，考生一定要讀懂題意，搞清楚問(wèn)什么，有幾個(gè)問(wèn)題，防止遺漏。此類試題一般都和文章的話題相關(guān)，對(duì)于考生來(lái)說(shuō)并不陌生。重要的是要注意回答問(wèn)題的人稱和時(shí)態(tài)等。比如問(wèn)過(guò)去的事情用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，表達(dá)自己或他人對(duì)某事的觀點(diǎn)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；人稱上尤其要注意第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 (2016，山西) According to new research，recently，some terrible events that teachers were abused(辱罵) on some websites by students happened in the UK.It had a bad influence on schools and the society.The British Teaching Union did a survey of 7，500 teachers.We can get some information from the following data(數(shù)據(jù)) and know how the teachers who were abused dealt with the problem. You know teachers are often destroyed by the terrible abuse. Some have lost their confidence to teach and have left school.The survey showed many of the bad comments related to teachers looks，abilities and behaviors.Weve got another data from it.It shows the bad comments were made by not only students but their parents.Please look at the following chart. It is clear that we should take some methods to protect teachers from the abuse.We think that the way to solve the problem is the better understanding among teachers，students and parents.Besides good communication，respecting(尊敬) each other is very important.If so，they can get on well with each other. 1．What result did these terrible events lead to according to the passage? ________________________________________________________________________ 2．From Chart One，how did 50% of the teachers deal with the abuse? ________________________________________________________________________ 3．What percent of the bad comments were made by parents in total? ________________________________________________________________________ 4．What is the way to solve the abuse problem according to the passage? ________________________________________________________________________ 5．After reading the passage，what do you think of this kind of social phenomenon(現(xiàn)象)? ________________________________________________________________________ 【主旨大意】本文是一篇議論文。文章從教師被辱罵切題，指出了這一問(wèn)題的現(xiàn)狀及對(duì)教師產(chǎn)生的不好影響，并就這一問(wèn)題給出了可行的方法。 1．It had a bad influence on schools and the society./ You know teachers are often destroyed by the terrible abuse./ Some have lost their confidence to teach and have left school. 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：這些惡劣的事件導(dǎo)致了什么結(jié)果？根據(jù)文章第一段第二句“It had a bad influence on schools and the society.”可知辱罵教師對(duì)學(xué)校和社會(huì)造成了不好的影響。根據(jù)文章第二段第一、二句“You know teachers are often destroyed by the terrible abuse.Some have lost their confidence to teach and have left school.”可知這種行為可以毀掉一個(gè)老師。也有部分老師會(huì)因此而失去信心，離開(kāi)學(xué)校。故得出答案。 2．They reported (the) abuse to the school，the police or the website./ They reported it to the school/ the police/ the website. 【解析】數(shù)字計(jì)算題。題干意為：從表一可知，50%的老師如何處理辱罵問(wèn)題？由表一可知，第一個(gè)柱狀圖即題干中提到的50%的老師(3750＝1500＋2250)，可知這些老師會(huì)把辱罵事件上報(bào)學(xué)校，警方或者網(wǎng)站。故得出答案。 3．36%./ Thirtysix percent. 【解析】數(shù)字計(jì)算題。題干意為：家長(zhǎng)制造了百分之多少的不好言辭？由表二可知有27%＋9%＝36%的家長(zhǎng)辱罵老師。 方法點(diǎn)撥：對(duì)于數(shù)字計(jì)算題，要求考生就文章內(nèi)容或所給圖表提供的數(shù)據(jù)，以及數(shù)據(jù)與所提問(wèn)題的關(guān)系作簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)算和推斷。在做此類試題時(shí)要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1.抓住并正確理解與數(shù)據(jù)有關(guān)的信息含義；2.弄清眾多信息中哪些屬于有用信息，哪些屬于干擾信息；3.要抓住關(guān)鍵用語(yǔ)的意義，不要孤立看待數(shù)字信息。 4．The better understanding among teachers，students and parents./ Good communication./ Respecting each other./ Good communication and respecting each other. 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：由這篇文章可知，解決辱罵問(wèn)題的方法是什么？由文章最后一段“We think that the way to solve the problem is the better understanding among teachers，students and parents.Besides good communication，respecting (尊敬) each other is very important.”可得出答案。 5．It is important for students to respect teachers because it shows the development of the society./ I think we should try to avoid it.It can hurt both teachers and students. 【解析】開(kāi)放性試題。題干意為：讀完這篇文章，你認(rèn)為這種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象怎么樣？此題為開(kāi)放性試題，只要論述清楚自己的觀點(diǎn)即可。 方法點(diǎn)撥：開(kāi)放性試題具有設(shè)問(wèn)的開(kāi)放性、思維的多角度和答案的多元化等特點(diǎn)。試題的設(shè)問(wèn)特點(diǎn)是多層次、多角度地設(shè)問(wèn)，可以從不同角度來(lái)回答。因此針對(duì)此類試題，在平常的學(xué)習(xí)中，考生要加大課外閱讀量，拓展自己的知識(shí)面，養(yǎng)成多思考、多總結(jié)的習(xí)慣。此外，要注意句子的語(yǔ)法及單詞的拼寫，盡量使用自己有把握的簡(jiǎn)單句，答案中句子首字母需大寫等。 Passage 1(2015，山西) (導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：36422362) Shopping online is popular now.Recently，Sanoma Media did a survey on buying electronic products online.3673 people from six European countries took part in the survey.The result shows it is interesting that most of the people are men，and 95 percent (百分之……) of the people often buy the electronic products online.You can draw a conclusion (結(jié)論) that most of men like buying electronic products.The following are all these peoples background details. 1．Among the 3673 people，why do you think most of them are men? Because_most_of_men_like_buying_electronic_products(online)．/Because_they_are_(more)interested_in_(buying)_electronic_products. 2．In total，what percent of people are married? 73%of_the_people_are_married./73%./Seventythree_percent. 3．As for work situation，what do 7% and 9% refer to (指)? 7%_refers_to_studying_and_9%_refers_to_government./Studying_and_government. 4．According to the charts，what conclusion about the relationship between education and income can you probably draw? I_can_draw_a_conclusion_that_the_higher_education_the_people_get,_the_higher_income_they_get./The_higher_education,_the_higher_income./Many_of_the_people_who_got_a_university_education_have_the_income_above_average./... 5．Who likes shopping online around you？What does he or she think of it? My_mother/My_father/...likes_shopping_online./My_mother/_My_father/...(does)．_She_/He_thinks_its_very_convenient./... Passage 2 (2014，山西)(導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：36422363) World Book Day falls on April 23 every year.It was set up by the UNESCO (聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織) in 1995 to encourage people to discover the pleasure of reading.It means you read a book out of interest not because your teachers or parents tell you to do so.“Reading for pleasure”plays a more important role in ones growth than ones family background. Books，magazines，newspapers and other kinds of materials can help us know more about the outside world and perfect us.However，computer games，online videos and the Internet are pushing books off the shelf.Some experts believe its a worrying trend (趨勢(shì))．Each Chinese read 0.38 more books in 2013 than 2012 but still far fewer than those in major developed countries.Even worse，many bookstores have closed their doors because many book lovers start to buy fewer books than before. However，many people do still prefer reading because it has been part of their life.It can benefit (使受益) people in many ways.It gives us information about other cultures and places of the world.It also has a strong influence on forming our personality and makes us more intelligent.The more we read，the more we know.The more we know，the smarter we become.Its never too late to start reading.So jump into the wonderful world of books now! 1．In which of the countries does each person read more than 15 books in a year? France,_Japan_and_Israel. 2．Why did people set up World Book Day? Because_they_wanted_to_encourage_people_to_discover_the_pleasure_of_reading. 3．What are the experts worrying about? They_are_worrying_(that)_computer_games,_online_videos_and_Internet_are_pushing_books_off_the_shelf./Computer_games,_online_videos_and_Internet_are_pushing_books_off_the_shelf. 4．Is it right that each Chinese read 0.38 more books in 2012 than 2011? If not，whats the result? No,_it_isnt._Its_0.04./_No._Its_0.04. 5．How many books did you read in 2013? What do you think of reading? I read one (book)/ two (books)/ three (books)/.../One./ Two./Three./... Reading/It gives us information about other cultures and places of the world./Reading/It has a strong influence on forming our personality and makes us more intelligent. /... Passage 1(2016，威海) Finding a New Place Max is new in town.His family just moved into a new apartment.Max would like to meet some people.Max asked the landlord(房東)where he might go to meet people of his own age. “The Community Center is for people of your age.I am sure you could find some friends there，”said the landlord.“Is the Community Center far from here？”Max asked.“No.Its only a few blocks away.Its about a tenminute walk from here，”replied the landlord.“Give me a minute，Ill write down the directions.” Max smiled.He hoped that he would make some friends at the Community Center. The landlord gave Max a note.Max read the words on the note. Maxs smile disappeared.He would never be able to find the Community Center because he didnt know how to follow directions that used words like north and west. Max needs to get a map of his neighborhood.This map could help him find directions.He took the directions and the map from his landlord.He was sure he could find the Community Center. The landlord told Max that the front door of his building faces west. When he came out of his building，he walked west on the Main Street until he came to the park. Taylor Street was right next to the park.He looked at his direction note.It said，“Then，walk north on Taylor for one block.” Max looked at the map.He could tell that if he was facing west，north would be on his right.He turned to the right on Taylor Street.He walked one block.He could see a big building with a sign.It said“Community Center.”He found it! 1．Where can Max meet young people of his age? (At)(The)_Community_Center. 2．What was the landlords note about? (About)the direction(s)． (About)how to get to (the) Community Center. (About)where (the) Community Center is. 3．What is more helpful for Max to find the direction，the note or the map? The_map. 4．If Max wants to go to the park，which direction should he go? West. 5．How can Max get to the Water Tower if he starts from his building? Max/He could walk along/on the Main Street, and turn left(at the first turning/crossing)． Max/He could walk west (on the Main Street), and turn left (at the first turning/crossing)． Max/He could walk southwest. Max/He could walk south and then turn right/west. Passage 2(2016，黃石)(導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：36422364) “When it comes to the Earth，there is no time to waste.” says the Earth Day Network.And that is right.Protecting our environment is very important，and World Earth Day was created in 1970 to ask more people to protect our environment.On April 22，people around the world celebrate Earth Day. Every year there is a special topic，and this year it is “Trees for the Earth”，so Earth Day this year will be all about planting trees.They are planning to plant 7.8 billion trees within the next five years. Thats a big goal，and you might wonder why trees are so important.Because they can take in carbon dioxide (CO2) and protect the air quality(質(zhì)量)．CO2 is a chemical in our atmosphere，but humans make too much of it.Each person makes about 2.3 tons a year，which is bad for the environment. Well guess what! Planting new trees is important because people cut down a huge number of trees.Last year，there were 3 trillion trees in the world，about 139 billion in China.But according to China Daily，the worlds total number has been almost cut in half since human civilization(文明) began.Thats because 15 billion trees are cut down every year. So we need to plant more to make up for(彌補(bǔ)) the ones we lost.One tree can take in 21.8 kilograms of CO2 per year.And its_still_one_of_the_cheapest_and_best_ways_to_get_rid_of_CO2． But dont forget that we can also help the environment by cutting down on how much energy(能源) or water we use every day.Every little thing helps. 1．When do people around the world celebrate World Earth Day? On_April_22. 2．What is the topic of this years Earth Day? The_topic/It_is_“Trees_for_the_Earth”． 3．Why are trees so important to the earth? Because_they_can_take_in_carbon_dioxide/CO2_and_protect_the_air_quality. 4．How much CO2 can two trees take in each year? They_can_take_in_43.6_kilograms_of_CO2_per_year. 5．Put the sentence “Its still one of the cheapest and best ways to get rid of CO2.” into Chinese. 它仍然是最便宜、最有效的減少CO2的方法之一。 Passage 3(2016，湘潭) A little girl lived in a small and poor house on a hill.As she grew up，she often played in the small garden.She was finally able to see a wonderful house over the garden fence.The house was high on the other side of the hill.It had golden windows.It was so beautiful that the little girl dreamed of living there. When she was old enough to go outside the garden fence，she asked her mother if she could visit her dream house by herself.Her mother agreed.The day was beautiful.The little girl rode her bike and started.At last，she got to the gate of the house with golden windows. As she got off her bike，she found that all the windows were a little old and dirty.She was very disappointed，and so she turned back.As she looked up，she saw a sight(景象) that amazed her.On the other side of the hill was a small house.Its windows glistened(閃耀) golden as the sun shone on it.She suddenly realized that she had been living in her own golden house. Sometimes the things you have dreamed of are right in front of you! 1．Where did the girl live? She_lived_in_a_small_and_poor_house(on_a_hill)． 2．Did the girls mother visit the house with her? No,_she_didnt/the_little_girl_visited_there_alone. 3．What did the girl find after she got off her bike? She_found_that_all_the_windows_were_a_little_old_and_dirty. 4．How did the girl feel after she saw the house? She_was_very_disappointed. 5．What can we learn from the story? Sometimes_the_things_you_have_dreamed_of_are_right_in_front_of_you! Passage 4(導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：36422365) “I sometimes get up at three or four in the morning to surf the Internet.” “I often check my email almost forty times a day.” “I seldom spend less than three hours each time on the net.” “I spend more time in chat rooms than with my ‘reallife’ friends.” Do you know any people like these？They are part of a new addiction (癮) called Internet addiction.According to experts，Internet addicts (迷) spend at least thirty to forty hours online every week.They lose control of the time they spend on the Internet. For example，one college student was missing for several days.His friends were worried and looked for him everywhere but couldnt find him.They called the police.The police found the student in the computer lab：he was surfing the Internet—for seven days straight. A study shows that about six to ten percent of Internet users become addicted.The teenagers spend more time on the Internet than with friends and family.Thats why some experts mostly worry about young people. Is “surfing the Internet” a hobby or an addiction for you？You may have a problem if you always do the following： ★You go out with your friends less and less. ★You cant wait to get online again. ★You plan to spend a short time online，but then you spend several hours. ★You do not go to important family events or you do not do school projects because you like to spend hours on the Internet. What is the situation？Some experts suggest that people set strict limits on their time for Internet use.You have to learn to control it，or the Internet would control you. 1．How many hours does an Internet addict spend online every week according to the passage? At_least_30_to_40_hours. 2．Where was the missing college student found? In_the_Computer_lab. 3．Why do some experts mostly worry about young people? Because_they_young_people_spend_more_time_on_the_Internet_than_with_friends_and_family. 4．How can Internet addicts solve their problem? They_can_set_strict_limits_on_their_time_for_Internet_use. 5．What might be the title of this passage？(In no more than TEN words) Internet_Addiction Passage 5( 2016，樂(lè)山) A．Warm up enough. B．Try to take exercise during the daytime. C．Winter can be a difficult time to take exercise. D．Whatever sport makes you want to exercise, just do it. E．When you run or walk，dont worry about how fast or slow youre going. 1．__C__ Apart from the short daylight and cold weather，there are also plenty of holidays to keep you away from exercising.So how to keep fit and not to put on too much weight during the winter time? Here are some tips for you. Make yourself comfortable.You dont necessarily have to do some intense (劇烈) sports.2.__E__ Just find a rhythm (節(jié)奏) that makes you feel easy and comfortable.Winter is not the time to be strict with yourself. 3．__A__ Before you head out the door，warn up indoors to slowly raise the heart rate (心率)，without sweating (流汗) a lot.Run in place，walk up and down the stairs，or use a jump rope.It does work as long as it can get your heart beating faster. Make yourself seen.4.__B__ When the air is the warmest and the sun is out，the weather is more suitable for exercising.But if you have to walk or run in the dark，do use a headlamp or carry a flashlight. Get a partner.Exercising with a friend，even once a week，can help you get out of the door.Its hard to stay and not to move when someone is waiting for you，and you two can encourage each other. Take it inside.If you cannot stand the cold outside，why not go for some indoor sports? You can take a Yoga class，play badminton or swim in an indoor swimming pool.5.__D__ Never stop moving for health! Passage 6(2016，江西) Humans Greatest Achievements The Earth is 4.5 billion years old，but the human race has lived on it for just 200，000 years.In that short time，we have achieved some amazing things. 1．__E__ The list is almost endless.The invention of the airplane has changed our lives.The discovery of antibiotics(抗生素) has saved the lives of millions of people.Can you imagine living without electricity? What ab