Unit 5 Grammar,Ellipsis,為了使語言簡潔或避免重復(fù), 我們要怎樣做呢? 本單元我們將接觸一種新的語法現(xiàn)象,省略,為了使講話和行文簡潔，句中某些成分有時可以省略。省略可分為以下幾種情況：,Grammar Ellipsis (省略）,1) (You) Come in, please. 2) (I) See you tomorrow. 3) (I) Thank you for your help. 4) (I) Beg your pardon.,簡單句中的省略,1. 省略主語: 祈使句中的主語通常被省略;其他省略主語的情況多限于少數(shù)現(xiàn)成的說法。,1) (It) Sounds a good idea. 2) (Will you) Have a smoke? 3) (Would you like) Something to drink? 4) (You come) This way, please.,2. 省略主語或謂語的一部分,可以省略賓語的全部; 可以省略作賓語的動詞不定式, 只保留to,但如果該賓語是動詞be或完成時態(tài),則須在to后加上be或have。,3. 省略賓語,1) -Do you know Miss Hu? -I dont know (her). 2) Dont touch anything unless the teacher tells you to (touch). 3) -Are you a teacher? -No, but I want to be (a teacher). 4) -He hasnt finished the task. -Well, he ought to have (finish it).,-Are you thirsty? -Yes, I am (thirsty). 2) His brother isnt lazy. Nor is his sister (lazy).,4. 省略表語,1) - Are you feeling better now? - (Im feeling) Better (now). 2) - When did you read the novel? - (I read it) Long ago. 3) Lets meet at the school gate as the same as (we met) yesterday.,5. 同時省略幾個句子成分,兩個并列分句中，后一分句常省略與前一分句中相同的部分,1) My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse. 2) I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school. 3) Lins father was not at home, but his mother was (at home).,并列句中的省略,1) (Im) Sorry to hear that you are ill. 2) (Its a) Pity that you missed such a good chance.,主從復(fù)合句中的省略,1. 主句中有主語和謂語被省略,They do not visit their parents as much as they ought to (visit their parents).,The sooner (you do it), the better (it will be).,2. 省略從句中與主句相同的部分,3. 主句與從句各有一些成分被省略,1. 連詞的that省略,(1)賓語從句中常省略that, 但多個賓語 從句并列時, 通常只省略第一個that,He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.,(2)在定語從句中that在作賓語時才能省略,The book (that) I borrowed yesterday was hers.,其他省略,2. 在某些狀語從句中,當(dāng)從句的主語與主句的主語一致或者從句主語為it，且從句謂語部分有be動詞時,可省去“主語+be”部分,1 When (he was) still a boy of 10, he had to work day and night. 2 As (he was) a child, he lived in India. 3 If (you are) asked you may come in. 4 Though (he is) young, he knows a lot.,3. 不定式符號to的省略,(1)并列的不定式可省去后面的 to。 I told him to sit down and wait for a moment. (2) help 當(dāng)“幫助”講時，后面的賓語或賓 補(bǔ)的不定式符號to可帶可不帶。 I will help (to) do it for you. I will help you (to) do it. (3)介詞but前若有動詞do, 后面不定式不 帶to。 The boy did nothing but play.,(4) 某些使役動詞（let, make, have）及感官動詞（see, watch, hear, notice, observe, feel, look at, listen to等）后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式一定要省去 to, 但在被動語態(tài)中須將to 復(fù)原。 I saw the boy fall from the tree. The boy was seen to fall from the tree. The boss made us work 12 hours a day. We were made to work 12 hours a day.,(5) 主語從句中有動詞do,后面作表語的不定式的 to可帶可不帶。 What we can do now is (to) wait. (6) find 當(dāng)“發(fā)現(xiàn)”講時，后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式符號to可帶可不帶。 We found him (to) work very hard at the experiment. 但如果是不定式 to be，則不能省略。 She found him to be dishonest.,4.條件從句中有should, were或had時,可以省略if,但要將should, were或had提至句首。 If I were you, I would give it up. Were I you, I would give it up. If it were not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties. Were it not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties.,If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again. Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again. If there should be a flood, what should we do? Should there be a flood, what should we do?,Now its your turn to find out what have been left out.,1. Havent seen you for ages. 2. Some more tea? 3. Sounds like a good idea.,I havent seen you for ages.,Would you like some more tea?,That/It sounds like a good idea.,It doesnt matter.,Im sorry to hear that.,4. Doesnt matter. 5. Sorry to hear that.,6. Pity you couldnt come 7. This way, please.,Its / What a pity you couldnt come.,Step / Come this way, please.,8. Terrible weather! 9. Joining us for a drink? 10. Going to the supermarket?,What terrible weather it is!,Are you joining us for a drink?,Are you going to the supermarket?,Choose the best answers.,1)-Tomorrow is a holiday. Why are you doing your homework? -I am doing these exercises now so that I wont have _ on Sunday. A. it B. them C. for D. to,2)-Shall I invite Ann to my birthday party tomorrow evening? -Yes. Itll be fine if you_. A. are B. can C. invite D. do 3)- Arent you the manager? - No, and I_ A. dont want to B. dont want to be C. dont want be D. dont want,4)-Ill be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? -Not at all. _. A. Ive no time B. Id rather not C. Id like it D. Id be glad to 5)- Wont you have another try? - _. A. Yes, I will have B. Yes, I wont have C. Yes, I wont D. Yes, I will,6)-I wont do it any more. -_? A. Why not B. Why dont do any more C. Why not do D. Why dont,7)-Do you think it will snow tomorrow? -_. A.I dont think B. No, I dont think C. I dont think so D. No, I dont so 8)-Have you fed the cat? -No, but_. A. Im B. I am C. Im just going D. Im just going to,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,