訓(xùn)練3說明文()A(2016福州市質(zhì)量檢查)Get a Thorough Understanding of OneselfIn all ones life time it is oneself that one spends the most time being with or dealing with. 1 When you are going upwards in life you tend to overestimate(高估) yourself.It seems that everything you seek for is within your reach. 2 Its likely that you think it wise for yourself to stay away from the outer world.Actually，to get a thorough understanding of oneself，you may as well keep the following tips in mind.Gain a correct view of oneself. You may look forward hopefully to the future but be sure not to expect too much，for dreams can never be fully realized.You may be courageous to meet challenges but it should be clear to you where to direct your efforts. 3 Selfappreciate. Whether you compare yourself to a towering tree or a blade of grass，a high mountain or a small stone，you represent a state of nature. 4 If you earnestly(誠摯地) admire yourself youll have a real sense of selfappreciation. 5 In time of anger，do yourself a favor by releasing(釋放) it in a quiet place so that you wont be hurt by its flames; in time of sadness，do yourself a favor by sharing it with your friends so as to change a bad mood into a cheerful one; in time of tiredness，do yourself a favor by getting a good sleep.Get a full control of ones life. Then one will find ones life full of color and flavor.A. It has its own value.BDo oneself a favor when its needed.CDo yourself a favor when you resist the attack of illness.DBut it is precisely oneself that one has the least understanding of.EEspecially if it is well within your reach，you are just too blind to see it.FWhen you are going downhill you tend to underestimate yourself for your own incompetence.GSo long as you have a perfect knowledge of yourself，there wont be difficulties you cant overcome.本文是一篇說明文。生活中總有些人高估或低估自己，這是因為他們不了解自己。本文就如何全面了解自己提出了幾條建議。1D關(guān)鍵句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，和D項句式相同，但意思相反，前后兩句之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，“But”起著銜接的作用，符合語境。故選D。2F空格前提到“在人生的上升階段你傾向于高估自己，似乎你所追求的一切都觸手可及”；F項意為“當(dāng)你走下坡路時，你傾向于因自己的無能而低估自己”，與上文句式相同，說明兩種情況，與下文的“stay away from the outer world”緊密銜接。故選F。3G根據(jù)該段的小標(biāo)題“獲得對自己的正確評價”可知，G項“只要你對自己非常了解，就沒有克服不了的困難”符合語境。故選G。4A空格前提到“不管你把自己比作什么事物，實際上你代表的是一種自然形態(tài)”，與A項“它有自己的價值”緊密銜接，符合語境。故選A。5B分析該段大意可知，本段主要建議“在你生氣、悲傷、勞累時，可通過適當(dāng)?shù)姆绞綄ψ约汉靡恍保籅項“在需要的時候?qū)ψ约汉靡恍狈显摱未笠?，適合做本段小標(biāo)題。關(guān)鍵詞“do yourself a favor”也是選擇的依據(jù)。故選B。 【導(dǎo)學(xué)號：90892056】B(2016長沙市模擬) “ 6 ” All the things that you have been through，all the people you have met and interacted with can have an impact on your attitude.If you think that all these factors have made you a person with a poor attitude towards life，there is no need to worry as there is always an opportunity for change.Let me share with you how I did it.1. Identify and understand what you want to change.The first step towards change is clearly understanding what needs to be changed. 7 When it comes to changing your attitude，you need to do an honest and indepth selfevaluation so you could point out exactly which of your qualities need to be improved or totally changed. 2 8 We all need to know that what were trying to accomplish can in fact be achieved; that we can be more optimistic，more social or more patient.Find someone who has the kind of attitude that you want to have，and let his or her life give you inspiration and encouragement to move beyond your temporary failures in your journey towards becoming a better person.3.Think about how your attitude change will affect your life.To be able to overcome all the difficulties that lie ahead of you in your journey towards selfbetterment，you need to figure out exactly what this supposed change could bring to your life.Fix your mind on the things that would come as a result of your attitude change and you will have a greater chance of reaching your goal.4.Choose the right company.As they say，“Bad company corrupts good character.” You dont expect yourself to be able to change if you go on surrounding yourself with people who possess all the negative personalities that you want to change.Consider befriending new people，especially those who are optimistic and have a healthy attitude towards life. 9 5 10 Often，the greatest obstacle between us and our goals is ourselves or our inability to trust in what we are able to do.If you dont believe in yourself or believe that you or your life can change，it just wont happenyou will either never start，or give up quickly so you wont have even given yourself the opportunity to succeed.A. Believe that you are able to change.BOur personalities and attitudes are developed through our relationships and experiences.CLook for a role model.DYou will see that your effort to change will be easier with these kinds of people as friends.EIt is only right to try hard to have a strong mind.FSetting clear goals is the key to success in any endeavor.GOur attitude toward life determines lifes attitude towards us.本文是一篇說明文。我們對待生活的態(tài)度決定了生活對待我們的態(tài)度，本文作者主要和讀者分享了他/她是如何積極對待生活的。6G根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可推知，空格處是一個直接引語，且從第二句開始，文章都是圍繞“attitude”展開的。故G項“我們對待生活的態(tài)度決定了生活對待我們的態(tài)度”總領(lǐng)全文，符合語境。故選G。7F上文提到做出改變的第一步就是要完全認(rèn)清需要改變的對象。故F項“制定明確的目標(biāo)是任何努力成功的關(guān)鍵”是對上文的進(jìn)一步說明，與上文銜接緊密，且照應(yīng)該段小標(biāo)題“Identify and understand what you want to change.”符合語境。故選F。8C此處為第三段小標(biāo)題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Find someone who has the kind of attitude that you want to have，and let his or her life give you inspiration and encouragement to move beyond your temporary failures in your journey towards becoming a better person.”可知，C項“尋找一個楷?！迸c其意思一致，適合做該段標(biāo)題。故選C。9D根據(jù)該段小標(biāo)題“Choose the right company.”以及空格前的“Consider befriending new people，especially those who are optimistic and have a healthy attitude towards life.”可知，D項中的“these kinds of people”與空格前的“those who are optimistic and have a healthy attitude towards life”相照應(yīng)。故選D。10A此處為最后一段小標(biāo)題。通讀該段內(nèi)容可知，該段主要告訴我們要相信自己能夠做出改變；該段中的“trust in”和“believe in”是對A項中的“Believe”的同義再現(xiàn)。故A項概括了該段大意，適合做標(biāo)題。故選A。C(2016鄭州市質(zhì)量預(yù)測)Study Links Video Game Use to Problems in SchoolA new study warns that too much time spent playing computer games could affect a childs performance at school. 11 They show that too many hours spent playing games can reduce students chances of success in school.More than 600 teenagers between the ages of 14 and 16 took part in the research project. 12 It is said to be the first ever longterm study in Northern Ireland on the influence of information technology on school test results.The study found that teenagers who played computer games less than once a week were more successful in school than those who played them twice a day or more.41% of the students who used gaming devices two or more times a day received passing grades on school exams. 13 The study found that social media use did not affect school performance.Celine McStravick is the director of the National Childrens Bureau Northern Ireland.She says the study showed no connection between social media and test results.“ 14 I think thats more because social media is part of every childs life.Its the way they communicate.Its the way they keep in touch with their friends.”Many parents say their children are becoming increasingly dependent on computer games.Some have compared gaming to a drug addiction. 15 It suggested that computer games can cause children to stay awake late at night.Less sleep makes children tired and unable to pay attention in school the next day.A. However，the study did not explore addiction.BThe new games are much different from older ones.CIt was clear that social media didnt have any effect.DIt took place over a period of three years from 2013 to 2015.EThat compared with 77% of those who rarely played the games.FDrug addiction does great harm to their health and performance at school.GBritains National Childrens Bureau Northern Ireland reported the results of the study.本文是一篇說明文。一項新研究表明，玩電腦游戲的時間過長會影響青少年的學(xué)習(xí)成績。11G上文提到，一份新的研究警告說，孩子玩電腦游戲的時間過長會影響他在學(xué)校的成績。G項講的是英國的一個機(jī)構(gòu)對這項研究的結(jié)果進(jìn)行了報告，承接上文話題，并與下句中的“They show”相照應(yīng)。故選G。12D上文提到，有600多名年齡在14至16歲的青少年參與了這次研究。D項意為“這項研究從2013年開始，到2015年結(jié)束，持續(xù)了三年”，與上文話題緊密相連，且與下文中的“be the first ever longterm study”照應(yīng)，符合語境。故選D。13E上文提到，在每天玩兩次甚至更多次電腦游戲的學(xué)生中，只有4l%的學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)成績過關(guān)。E項提到，很少玩游戲的學(xué)生成績過關(guān)的比例達(dá)到了77%，與上文話題形成了對比關(guān)系，符合語境。故選E。14C上文提到，Celine McStravick認(rèn)為這份研究表明，社交媒體和考試結(jié)果之間沒有聯(lián)系。空格處為Celine McStravick說的話。C項意為“很明顯，社交媒體沒有任何影響”，與上文話題照應(yīng)，符合Celine McStravick的看法。故選C。15A上文提到，有些父母將玩電腦游戲比喻成毒癮。A項意為“但是，這項研究并沒有對上癮展開研究”，與上文話題照應(yīng)，且形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，符合語境。故選A。 【導(dǎo)學(xué)號：90892057】D(2016太原市模擬)How to get along with your bossIn your career，you may have to report to a manager，the person you call boss. 16 Here are some tips to help you develop an effective relationship with your boss. The first step is to develop a positive relationship with your boss.Relationships are based on trust. 17 Keep timetable commitments(承諾)Never blindside your manager with surprises that you could have predicted or prevented.Keep him/her informed about your projects and interactions with the rest of the organization.Tell the boss when youve made an error or one of your reporting staff has made a mistake. 18 Lies or efforts to mislead always result in further stress for you as you worry about getting “caught”Communicate daily or weekly to build the relationship.Recognize that success at work is not all about you. 19 Identify your bosss areas of weakness or greatest challenges and ask what you can do to help.What are your bosss biggest worries? How can your contribution reduce these concerns? Understand your bosss goals and priorities.Place emphasis in your work to match her priorities.Think in terms of the overall success of your department and company，not just about your narrow world at work. 20 Does he/she like frequent communication，autonomous(主動的) employees，requests in writing in advance of meeting，or informal conversation as you pass in the hallway? Your bosss preferences are important.The better you understand them，the better you will work with him/her.If you sometimes disagree and occasionally experience an emotional reaction，dont hold hatred.Dont make threats about leaving.Disagreement is fine.You need to come to terms with the fact that your boss has more authority and power than you do.A. Value your bosss time.BDo what you say youll do.CIdentify what he/she values in an employee.DCoverups dont contribute to an effective relationship.EPut your bosss needs at the center of your universe.FLearning how to read your bosss moods and reactions is also helpful.GThe relationship with your boss is important for your work success and career progress.本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了一些與老板友好相處的建議。16G下文提到，以下是一些有助于你與老板關(guān)系融洽的建議。G項意為“與老板之間的關(guān)系對于你工作上的成功和事業(yè)上的進(jìn)步來說很重要”，講述的是與老板建立好關(guān)系的重要性，與下文提出建議形成因果關(guān)系，符合語境。故選G。17B根據(jù)上文可知，關(guān)系應(yīng)建立在信任的基礎(chǔ)之上；根據(jù)下文可知，要遵守承諾。B項意為“做你說過要做的事”，與上下文銜接密切，符合語境。故選B。18D根據(jù)上文可知，如果你或你的匯報人員犯了錯誤，要告訴老板。D項意為“隱瞞不利于發(fā)展良好的關(guān)系”，與上文話題緊密相連，并照應(yīng)下文對謊言的不利之處的進(jìn)一步描述，符合語境。故選D。19E上文提到，要認(rèn)識到工作上的成功并不僅僅局限于你自己；根據(jù)下文可知，確定你老板的弱點或最大挑戰(zhàn)，看看自己能幫他做些什么。故E項“把老板的需要放在你的中心位置”，起過渡作用，照應(yīng)上文“is not all about you”且與下文話題銜接緊密，符合語境。故選E。20C此處為該段主題句，根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知，本段主要講述的是，要弄清楚老板喜歡什么樣的員工。C項意為“確定他/她看重員工的哪個方面”，體現(xiàn)了本段的中心，符合語境。故選C。E(2015全國卷)Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady，gradual increases in the length of the runs. 21 ，buy the bestfitting，bestbuilt running shoes you can find.No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet，so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.When you have found shoes that seem right，walk in them for a few days to doublecheck the fit. 22 As always，you should stretch(伸展)at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.During the first week，do not think about distance，but run five minutes longer each day. 23 ，it is wise to take a day off to rest.But during the next week，set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run. 24 After two weeks，start timing yourself. 25 Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter，you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.AAfter six daysBFor a good marathon runnerCBefore you begin your trainingDWith each day，increase the distance by a half mileEIf they still feel good，you can begin running in themFTime spent for preparation raises the quality of trainingGNow you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了進(jìn)行馬拉松訓(xùn)練的具體做法。首先要做好準(zhǔn)備，購買最合適的跑鞋。同時要注意在第一周里不要考慮跑多遠(yuǎn)，而是要逐漸延長跑步時間。到第二周的時候，可以設(shè)置跑步距離，每天逐漸加長，然后再根據(jù)參賽的具體情況制訂訓(xùn)練方案。21C根據(jù)該空后面提供的語境buy the bestfitting，bestbuilt running shoes you can find(購買你能找到的最合適的、最好的跑鞋)可知，這是為了跑馬拉松而進(jìn)行的準(zhǔn)備，這應(yīng)該是在進(jìn)行馬拉松訓(xùn)練之前做的事情，故選C項“Before you begin your training”。22E由該空前的語境When you have found shoes that seem right，walk in them for a few days to doublecheck the fit.(當(dāng)你發(fā)現(xiàn)似乎合適的鞋子時，穿著走動幾天，再次檢查其舒適度。)可知，E選項中they指的就是前面提到的shoes，屬于指代一致。另外feel good與the fit相對應(yīng)。故選E。23A空前的During the first week，do not think about distance，but run five minutes longer each day.(在第一周的時候，不要考慮跑了多遠(yuǎn)，但是每天都要比前一天多跑5分鐘。)提到了the first week，即7天，空格后面說it is wise to take a day off to rest(休息一天是明智的)，這樣剩余的就是6天，與A項相關(guān)。24D根據(jù)該空格前面提供的語境But during the next week，set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run.(但是在接下來的一周，樹立每次至少跑1.5英里的目標(biāo)。)可知，與D項的“每天增加半英里”意義銜接緊密。25G由該空前的After two weeks，start timing yourself.(兩周后，開始給自己計時。)可知，這里的timing與G項中的improving distance and time意義相關(guān)。