對外貿(mào)易實(shí)務(wù)ppt課件
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第三篇 貨物的交付,1,第七章 交貨時(shí)間和地點(diǎn),,學(xué) 習(xí) 重 點(diǎn),合同中有關(guān)裝運(yùn)時(shí)間、裝運(yùn)港和目的港的規(guī)定,分批裝運(yùn)和轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)條款的規(guī)定,2,,交貨時(shí)間(time of delivery)是指賣方按買賣合同規(guī)定將合同貨物交付給買方或承運(yùn)人的期限,故而又稱“交貨期”或“裝運(yùn)期”。 交貨地點(diǎn)(place of delivery)是指賣方按買賣合同規(guī)定將貨物交付給買方或承運(yùn)人的地點(diǎn)。,3,,Article 33 of CISG The seller must deliver the goods: (a) if a date is fixed by or determinable from the contract, on that date; (b) if a period of time is fixed by or determinable from the contract, at any time within that period unless circumstances indicate that the buyer is to choose a date; or (c) in any other case, within a reasonable time after the conclusion of the contract.,4,第一節(jié) “交貨”和“裝運(yùn)”的概念,裝運(yùn)(shipment):將貨物交由船方運(yùn)往目的地的行為。 交貨 (delivery):賣方自愿將其對貨物的占有權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)移給買方的行為。 FOB、CIF、CFR、FCA、CIP、CPT 交貨的含義接近于裝運(yùn)的含義 DAT、DAP、DDP 交貨與裝運(yùn)完全是不相等的概念,5,,UCP 600 Article 19,6,第二節(jié) 交貨時(shí)間,1. 規(guī)定某月裝運(yùn) 2. 規(guī)定跨月裝運(yùn),Shipment during March, 2011.,Shipment during Feb./Mar. 2011. Shipment during Mar./Apr./May 2011.,7,,3. 規(guī)定在某月月底或某日前裝運(yùn) 4. 規(guī)定在收到信用證后若干天內(nèi)裝運(yùn),Shipment at or before the end of May 2011. Shipment not later than the end of June 2011.,Shipment within 45 days after receipt of L/C The Buyers must open the relative L/C to reach the Sellers before June 15th.,8,,交單期限,除到期日以外,信用證還應(yīng)規(guī)定一個運(yùn)輸單據(jù)出單后必須提示單據(jù)的特定日期,按《UCP600》規(guī)定,為運(yùn)輸單據(jù)出單后21天。 最遲裝運(yùn)日期、發(fā)運(yùn)日期及接受監(jiān)督日期不能根據(jù)國定假日的正常停業(yè)而延順。,9,,《UCP600》Article 3 Unless required to be used in a document, words such as “prompt“, “immediately“ or “as soon as possible“ will be disregarded. The words “to“, “until“, “till“, “from” and “between” when used to determine a period of shipment include the date or dates mentioned, and the words “before” and “after“ exclude the date mentioned. The terms “first half“ and “second half“ of a month shall be construed respectively as the 1st to the 15th and the 16th to the last day of the month, all dates inclusive. The terms “beginning“, “middle“ and “end“ of a month shall be construed respectively as the 1st to the 10th, the 11th to the 20th and the 21st to the last day of the month, all dates inclusive.,10,,案例 某對外貿(mào)易進(jìn)出口公司于5月23日接到一張國外 開來信用證,信用證規(guī)定受益人為對外貿(mào)易進(jìn)出口公司(賣 方),申請人為E貿(mào)易有限公司(買方)。信用證對裝運(yùn)期和 議付有效期條款規(guī)定:“Shipment must be effected not prior to 31st May,1997.The Draft must be negotiated not later than 30th June,1997”。,11,,對外貿(mào)易進(jìn)出口公司發(fā)現(xiàn)信用證裝運(yùn)期太緊,23日收到 信用證,31日裝運(yùn)就到期。所以有關(guān)人員即于5月26日(24 日和25日系雙休日)按裝運(yùn)期5月31日通知儲運(yùn)部安排裝 運(yùn)。儲運(yùn)部根據(jù)信用證分析單上規(guī)定的5月31日裝運(yùn)期即 向貨運(yùn)代理公司配船。因裝運(yùn)期太緊,經(jīng)多方努力才設(shè)法商 洽將其他公司已配上的貨退載,換上對外貿(mào)易進(jìn)出口公司的貨,勉強(qiáng)擠上有效的船期。 對外貿(mào)易進(jìn)出口公司經(jīng)各方努力 終于5月30日裝運(yùn)完畢,并取得5月30日簽發(fā)的提單。6 月2日備齊所有單據(jù)向開證行交單。6月16日開證行來電提出:“提單記載5月30日裝運(yùn)貨物,不符合信用證規(guī)定的裝運(yùn)期限。不同意接受單據(jù)…”,12,,在政局動蕩,船只缺乏,艙位難得或政府限制出口甚嚴(yán),不易取得出口許可證的情況下,為防止訂約后交貨困難而造成被動,可在規(guī)定裝運(yùn)期的同時(shí)附加如下條款:“以取得艙位為準(zhǔn)”(subject to shipping space available)、“獲得出口許可證為準(zhǔn)”(subject to approval of export license)等。 在簽訂合同時(shí),應(yīng)特別注意避免“雙到期”,即信用證結(jié)匯有效期與裝運(yùn)期同時(shí)到期。一般賣方應(yīng)爭取結(jié)匯有效期長于裝運(yùn)期7-15天,以便于貨物裝船后有足夠的時(shí)間辦理結(jié)匯手續(xù)。,13,第三節(jié) 裝運(yùn)港(地)和目的港(地),裝運(yùn)港(port of shipment)是指貨物起始裝運(yùn)的港口。 目的港(port of destination)是指最終卸貨的港口。 在國際貿(mào)易中,裝運(yùn)港或裝運(yùn)地一般由賣方提出,經(jīng)買方同意后確定。 目的港或目的地一般由買方提出,經(jīng)賣方同意后確定。,14,,1. 規(guī)定一個裝運(yùn)港和一個目的港 2. 規(guī)定兩個或兩個以上的裝運(yùn)港 3. 籠統(tǒng)規(guī)定,Port of shipment: Shanghai Port of destination: New York,Port of shipment: Qingdao and Shanghai Port of destination: London/Liverpool,Port of shipment: China Ports Port of destination: U.K. ports,15,,4. 采用選擇港(optional ports)辦法 采用選擇港應(yīng)注意的問題: 合同中規(guī)定的選擇港的數(shù)目一般不超過3個 備選港口在同一條班輪航線上,而且是班輪公司的船只都能??康母劭?在核定價(jià)格和計(jì)算運(yùn)費(fèi)時(shí),應(yīng)按備選港口中最高的費(fèi)率加上選港附加費(fèi)計(jì)算 在合同中應(yīng)明確規(guī)定因選擇港而增加的運(yùn)費(fèi)、附加費(fèi)由買方負(fù)擔(dān),CIF London/Hamburg/Rotterdam optional CIF London, optional Hamburg / Rotterdam Optional additionals for buyer’s account,16,,裝運(yùn)港或裝運(yùn)地的選擇應(yīng)注意事項(xiàng): 出口業(yè)務(wù)中,使用FOB、CFR和CIF術(shù)語時(shí),應(yīng)選擇海輪能直接進(jìn)入載運(yùn)貨物的港口為裝運(yùn)港。 在采用多式運(yùn)輸?shù)那闆r下,一般應(yīng)以有多式運(yùn)輸經(jīng)營人收貨站的地方作為裝運(yùn)地點(diǎn)。 如交易數(shù)量較大或貨物來源分散,集中在一個地點(diǎn)有困難的時(shí)候,則可爭取在兩個或兩個以上的地點(diǎn)裝運(yùn)。,17,,目的港和目的地的選擇應(yīng)考慮以下問題: 1.對目的港或目的地的規(guī)定,應(yīng)力求明確具體,一般不要使用“歐洲主要港口”(European Main Ports – E.M.P.)、“非洲主要港口”(African Main Ports – A.M.P.)之類籠統(tǒng)的規(guī)定方法。 2.凡以非集裝箱的一般海上運(yùn)輸方式交運(yùn)的交易,貨物運(yùn)往的目的港無直達(dá)班輪或航次較少的,合同中規(guī)定允許轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)的條款。 3. 目的港必須是船舶可以安全停泊的港口。,18,,4. 對內(nèi)陸國家的出口交易,采用CFR或CIF條件通過海上運(yùn)輸貨物時(shí),應(yīng)選擇距離該國目的地最近的,我方能夠安排船舶的港口為目的港。除非多式聯(lián)運(yùn)承運(yùn)人能夠接受全程運(yùn)輸,一般不接受以內(nèi)陸城市為目的地。 5. 規(guī)定的目的港和目的地,如有重名,應(yīng)明確國別與所處方位。 6. 正確使用選擇港。,19,第四節(jié) 分批裝運(yùn)和轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn),一、分批裝運(yùn)(partial shipment) 分批裝運(yùn)又稱分期裝運(yùn)(shipment by installments)是指一個合同項(xiàng)下的貨物先后分若干期或若干批裝運(yùn)。,20,,《UCP》600 Article 31 Partial Drawings or Shipments a. Partial drawings or shipments are allowed.,21,,b. A presentation consisting of more than one set of transport documents evidencing shipment commencing on the same means of conveyance and for the same journey, provided they indicate the same destination, will not be regarded as covering a partial shipment, even if they indicate different dates of shipment or different ports of loading, places of taking in charge or dispatch. If the presentation consists of more than one set of transport documents, the latest date of shipment as evidenced on any of the sets of transport documents will be regarded as the date of shipment.,22,,A presentation consisting of one or more sets of transport documents evidencing shipment on more than one means of conveyance within the same mode of transport will be regarded as covering a partial shipment, even if the means of conveyance leave on the same day for the same destination.,23,,在進(jìn)出口合同中規(guī)定分批裝運(yùn)的方法主要有以下兩種: 1.只原則規(guī)定允許分批裝運(yùn),對于分批的具體時(shí)間、批次和數(shù)量均不作規(guī)定。 2.在規(guī)定分批裝運(yùn)條款時(shí),具體訂明每批裝運(yùn)的時(shí)間和數(shù)量。,Shipment during March /June in four equal monthly lots,24,,Article 32 分期支款或分期發(fā)運(yùn) 如信用證規(guī)定在指定的時(shí)間段內(nèi)分期支款或分期發(fā)運(yùn),如何一期未按信用證規(guī)定期限支取或發(fā)運(yùn)時(shí),信用證對該期及以后各期均告失效。 If a drawing or shipment by instalments within given periods is stipulated in the credit and any instalment is not drawn or shipped within the period allowed for that instalment, the credit ceases to be available for that and any subsequent instalment.,25,,信用證規(guī)定1-5月每月裝運(yùn)貨物一批,若出口方在 3月份沒有裝運(yùn)貨物,那么,信用證對3月以及3月份 以后的4、5月份供3個分期失效。如果出口方在4月份 繼續(xù)裝運(yùn)發(fā)貨,那么,信用證開證行有權(quán)拒受單據(jù), 拒付貨款。,26,,二、轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)(transshipment) 轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)的本意是指從裝運(yùn)港或裝運(yùn)地至卸貨港或目的地的貨運(yùn)過程中進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)裝或重裝,包括從一運(yùn)輸工具或船只移至另一同類運(yùn)輸方式的運(yùn)輸工具或船只,或由一種運(yùn)輸方式轉(zhuǎn)為另一種運(yùn)輸方式的行為。 根據(jù)《跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例》規(guī)定,除非信用證有相反的規(guī)定,可準(zhǔn)許轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)。,27,案例1,信用證規(guī)定:從中國港口運(yùn)至神戶100公噸紅小豆,不許分批裝運(yùn)。受益人交來單據(jù)中包含兩套提單: 第一套提單表明載貨船名為“Zhuang He”,航次為“018”,裝運(yùn)港為“Tianjin”,卸貨港為“Kobe”,凈重為“51.48M/T”,裝運(yùn)日期為“7月11日”。 第二套提單表明載貨船名為“Zhuang He”,航次為“018”,裝運(yùn)港為“Qingdao”,卸貨港為“Kobe”,凈重為“51.05M/T”,裝運(yùn)日期為“7月17日”。 銀行接受單據(jù)付款。銀行付款的依據(jù)是什么?,28,案例2,某農(nóng)產(chǎn)品進(jìn)出口公司向國外某貿(mào)易公司出口一批花生仁,國外客戶在合同規(guī)定的開證時(shí)間內(nèi)開來一份不可撤銷信用證,證中的裝運(yùn)條款規(guī)定:“Shipment from Chinese port to Singapore in May, partial shipment prohibited.” 農(nóng)產(chǎn)品進(jìn)出口公司按證中規(guī)定,于5月15日將200公噸花生仁在福州港裝上“嘉陵”號輪,又由同輪在廈門港續(xù)裝300公噸花生仁,5月20日農(nóng)產(chǎn)品進(jìn)出口公司同時(shí)取得了福州港和廈門港簽發(fā)的兩套提單。農(nóng)產(chǎn)品進(jìn)出口公司在信用證有效期內(nèi)到銀行交單議付,卻遭到銀行以單證不符為由拒付貨款。問:銀行的拒付是否有理?為什么?,29,第五節(jié) 買賣合同中的裝運(yùn)條款,Shipment: Shipment on or before Jan 31, 2011, from Lian yungang to Long Beach USA, allowing partial shipments and transshipment. Shipment during Jan. /Feb. 2011 in two about equal lots. Shipment during Jan. / Feb. 2011 in two monthly lots / shipments. During Mar. / Apr. in two equal monthly shipments, to be transshipped at Hong Kong. During Mar. 500 metric tons,30,- 1.請仔細(xì)閱讀文檔,確保文檔完整性,對于不預(yù)覽、不比對內(nèi)容而直接下載帶來的問題本站不予受理。
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