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去偽存真 揭密短文改錯(cuò) 第一節(jié)　立足整體——步步提升 高考短文改錯(cuò)題用以考查考生判斷、發(fā)現(xiàn)、糾正語境中英語語言使用錯(cuò)誤的能力，及考生在語篇角度上把握內(nèi)容、查找行文邏輯的能力。因此，僅僅把改錯(cuò)題視為對語法的考查，是對高考中短文改錯(cuò)的誤解。 [命題規(guī)律——知趨向] 1．短文改錯(cuò)通常從詞法、句法和行文邏輯三個(gè)角度設(shè)題，考查考生在語篇中綜合運(yùn)用英語的能力。 2．錯(cuò)誤類型有三種：多詞、少詞和錯(cuò)詞。 在總題量10個(gè)小題中，其比例一般為1∶1∶8，即1個(gè)多詞、1個(gè)少詞、8個(gè)錯(cuò)詞。在錯(cuò)詞中，多涉及動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞和副詞；多詞和少詞主要涉及冠詞和介詞等。 [解題技巧——明方法] 1．四要法 (1)要瀏覽全文，把握大意。 (2)要找出短文中的句號，把短文拆分成若干句子。短文改錯(cuò)不應(yīng)按行去分析改錯(cuò)，而應(yīng)以句子為單位進(jìn)行斷句改錯(cuò)。 (3)要認(rèn)真分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，從“多、缺、錯(cuò)”三個(gè)方面入手，進(jìn)行改錯(cuò)。 (4)要重新通讀自己改正過的文章，進(jìn)行檢查。 2．四看法 (1)看每行或每句有無“一致性”錯(cuò)誤：①主謂是否一致；②指代是否一致；③修飾語與被修飾語是否一致；④前后時(shí)態(tài)是否一致；⑤單復(fù)數(shù)是否一致；⑥并列連詞and，or，but等前后的形式是否一致。 (2)看每行或每句有無“搭配”錯(cuò)誤：①動(dòng)賓搭配；②動(dòng)詞與介詞搭配；③介詞與名詞搭配；④固定短語等。 (3)看每行或每句有無“詞法、語法”錯(cuò)誤：①冠詞the，an，a誤用；②非謂語動(dòng)詞的誤用；③引導(dǎo)詞誤用；④形容詞與副詞誤用；⑤時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)使用不當(dāng)；⑥并列連詞誤用(and，but，or，so等)；⑦名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式誤用等。 (4)看每行或每句有無“邏輯意義”錯(cuò)誤，如按照上下文意思本該用push的地方用了pull。 [失分誤區(qū)——曉缺陷] 1．對語法的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)掌握不準(zhǔn) 2．不能正確分析句子結(jié)構(gòu) 3．對固定結(jié)構(gòu)識(shí)別不清楚 4．對上下文邏輯理解不清 5．未能把握文章整體意圖 假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。 增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。 刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。 修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。 注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞； 2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。 (2016高考全國乙卷)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.Though not very big，but the restaurant is popular in our area.It is always crowded with customers at meal times.Some people even had to wait outside.My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking.My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time.Instead，he hopes that our business will grow steady. 答案及解析： My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to I live.Though not very big， the restaurant is popular in our area.It is always crowded with customers at meal times.Some people even to wait outside.My uncle tells me that the key to his success is . Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables high quality oil are for cooking.My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in short period of time.Instead，he hopes that business will grow . 1．解析：句法錯(cuò)誤。close to后接賓語從句。I live缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，故用where引導(dǎo)賓語從句。 答案：that→where 2．解析：行文邏輯錯(cuò)誤。though與but不能用在同一個(gè)句子中。 答案：去掉but 3．解析：句法錯(cuò)誤。文章通篇用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故將had改為have。 答案：had→have 4．解析：詞法錯(cuò)誤。主語是the key，與表語構(gòu)成同位關(guān)系，并非對主語的描述，故用名詞。 答案：honest→honesty 5．解析：行文邏輯錯(cuò)誤。fresh vegetables和high quality oil是并列關(guān)系，不是選擇關(guān)系，故將or改為and。 答案：or→and 6．解析：句法錯(cuò)誤。fresh vegetables and high quality oil與use是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。be used for被用于。 答案：using→used 7．解析：詞法錯(cuò)誤。dream of doing sth.夢想做某事，是固定搭配。 答案：dreams后加of 8．解析：詞法錯(cuò)誤。in a short period of time在短時(shí)間內(nèi)，是固定短語。 答案：short前面的the→a 9．解析：行文邏輯錯(cuò)誤。由My uncle is the owner of a restaurant ...可知，餐館是“我”叔叔的，故將our改為his。 答案：our→his 10．解析：詞法錯(cuò)誤。grow在此是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞并非連系動(dòng)詞，故用副詞修飾。 答案：steady→steadily A Our teachers and friends are important for us. I had such a experience when I was in junior school. I was doing bad in maths at that time.However hard I tried，I just couldnt catch up on others. I almost lost heart when we had a new maths teacher，Mr Hu. Now and then he talk with me，telling me the ways to learn maths and encourage me to keep on trying.Only then do I realize that I was not studying maths in scientific way. With his help，I was doing a little better gradual.One year later，I made amazed progress. I am always grateful to Mr Hu，without whom I would never have been adopted the proper approach to learning maths. 答案： Our teachers and friends are important for us. I had such experience when I was in junior school. I was doing in maths at that time.However hard I tried，I just couldnt catch up others. I almost lost heart when we had a new maths teacher，Mr Hu. Now and then he with me，telling me the ways to learn maths and me to keep on trying.Only then I realize that I was not studying maths in scientific way. With his help，I was doing a little better .One year later，I made progress. I am always grateful to Mr Hu，without whom I would never have 　 adopted the proper approach to learning maths. B One afternoon I was sitting at my favorite table in a restaurant，waited for the food I had ordered. Suddenly I noticed a man sitting at table near the window kept glancing at my direction.Finally he got away and went into the kitchen. When he came out，he paid his bill and left. I called the owner of the restaurant and asked what the man wanted. He told me that the man was a detective (偵探). She thought I was the man he was looking for，because he came into the kitchen to check for it. Since everybody knew me，the staff told him that he had made a mistake. Its really luck I came to a restaurant that I am known. 答案： One afternoon I was sitting at my favorite table in a restaurant， for the food I had ordered. Suddenly I noticed a man sitting at table near the window kept glancing my direction.Finally he got and went into the kitchen. When he came out，he paid his bill and left. I called the owner of the restaurant and asked what the man wanted. He told me that the man was a detective (偵探). thought I was the man he was looking for， he came into the kitchen to check it. Since everybody knew me，the staff told him that he had made a mistake. Its really I came to a restaurant I am known. C Dear Mr Wang， I am a student who lives next to you. Im writing to complain about the noise what your daughter made when she was playing the piano every night. As a senior school student，Im so enthusiastic about my study that Im always absorbing in it，and there is no doubt that a good sleep at night can contribute my study. However，neither I nor my parents could fall sleep every time there was a noise cause by the piano. I found I was so sleepy in my classes that its hard for me to fix my attentions on study. It seemed that the noise was to blame. To prevent this from happen again，I would like to suggest you let your daughter put forward the time to practice the piano. We would appreciate that if you could take effective measures as soon as possibly. I am looking forward to you reply. Many thanks and best wishes! 答案： Dear Mr Wang， I am a student who lives next to you. Im writing to complain about the noise your daughter made when she was playing the piano every night. As a senior school student，Im so enthusiastic about my study that Im always in it，and there is no doubt that a good sleep at night can contribute my study. However，neither I nor my parents could fall every time there was a noise by the piano. I found I was so sleepy in my classes that its hard for me to fix my on study. It seemed that the noise was to blame. To prevent this from again，I would like to suggest you let your daughter put forward the time to practice the piano. We would appreciate if you could take effective measures as soon as . I am looking forward to reply. Many thanks and best wishes！ 第二節(jié)　細(xì)致入微——詞法錯(cuò)誤 1．詞性的錯(cuò)用 答案：easily　good　noisy　difficulty　growth　 succeed 2．冠詞的錯(cuò)用 答案：an　a　a　the　an　the　a　the　 the　flowers前的the　great fun前的a　a　a 3．名詞數(shù)和格的錯(cuò)用 答案：shoulders　goal　times　progress　 deskmates 4．代詞的錯(cuò)用 答案：it　their　our　yours　him　myself　 something　much　another 5．形容詞、副詞以及比較等級的錯(cuò)用 答案：clearly/well　hard　Sometimes　best　more　more 6．介詞的錯(cuò)用 答案：in　over　at　in　with　in　for　in 7．謂語動(dòng)詞的錯(cuò)用——時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)以及虛擬語氣 答案：told　have　looked或其前的were　drunk　 were　be　paid　should 8．非謂語動(dòng)詞的錯(cuò)用 答案：her后的to　to　sitting　singing　Feeling　tired　understand　seeing Ⅰ.單句改錯(cuò) 1．I gained so much confidence that I went back to school as new person. 2．With coming of spring，grass and trees turn green. 3．(2016江西八所重點(diǎn)中學(xué)4月聯(lián)考)We were touched by such an act of kind on a hot day. 4．(2016浙江溫州聯(lián)考)One Monday afternoon，we were playing the basketball in the playground when I suddenly slipped and fell over. 5．I just smiled to me and thought，“What can I do？” 6．It was the first time that an English Corner had held in our school. 7．Growing up is not easy.Sometimes all that is need is someone to rely on. 8．The air keeps the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon was coming down. 9．When a young man starts to earn his own living，he can no longer expect others to pay his food. 10．The two men threw all their equipment into the water to make the balloon light. 1．解析：as后加a。冠詞的漏用。單數(shù)名詞前如果沒有其他限定詞出現(xiàn)，一般要用不定冠詞。 2．解析：with后加the。冠詞的漏用。coming用作名詞，需加定冠詞the，如the making of paper。 3．答案：kind→kindness。 4．答案：去掉basketball前的the。 5．解析：me→myself。smile to oneself意為“自己暗暗地笑”，是固定用法，這是代詞使用不當(dāng)。 6．答案：held前加been。 7．解析：need→needed。語態(tài)的誤用。此處應(yīng)為被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 8．解析：keeps→keeping。句中keeping the balloon up作定語，修飾the air，與the air是主謂關(guān)系。 9．解析：pay后加for。pay for sth.為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“支付……”。 10．解析：light→lighter。比較等級的誤用。根據(jù)文意，兩個(gè)人把所有的裝備都扔進(jìn)水里是為了讓氣球比原來更輕，故用比較級。 Ⅱ.短文改錯(cuò) Test 1 This morning on my way school I was deeply moved by what I saw outside a bank.An old man was counting his money in the front of the bank while suddenly a young man came running and knocked him down.To make things bad，his money was lying in all directions.In no time the people around rushed to pick the money up while the old man stood here，not know what to do.Surprisingly，everyone gives back the money they just had picked up.The old man counted the money again and found that not a single bill was missed.To my great joy，there are now a lot of nice people in your life.Its true that honest is more important than money! 答案： This morning on my way school I was deeply moved by what I saw outside a bank.An old man was counting his money in front of the bank suddenly a young man came running and knocked him down.To make things ，his money was lying in all directions.In no time the people around rushed to pick the money up while the old man stood ，not what to do.Surprisingly，everyone back the money they just had picked up.The old man counted the money again and found that not a single bill was .To my great joy，there are now a lot of nice people in life.Its true that is more important than money! Test 2 Im very grateful to my English teacher.In the past，my biggest shortcoming used to being carelessness，that worried me a lot.To make matters worse，I was so anxious to seek the fundamental reason in my failure.I just devoted me to huge amounts of practice，not paying attention to repeated mistakes.Fortunately，my teacher noticed it and offers to have a long talk with me.She gave me lots of advices on how to get rid of it.After I was persuading to change my attitude，I finally got the right way to rid myself of carelessness and gained confidence as well as.It was the support she had given me made me what Im today. 答案： Im very grateful to my English teacher.In the past，my biggest shortcoming used to carelessness， worried me a lot.To make matters worse，I was anxious to seek the fundamental reason my failure.I just devoted to huge amounts of practice，not paying attention to repeated mistakes. Fortunately，my teacher noticed it and to have a long talk with me.She gave me lots of on how to get rid of it.After I was to change my attitude，I finally got the right way to rid myself of carelessness and gained confidence as well .It was the support she had given me made me what Im today. 第三節(jié)　斟酌語句——句法錯(cuò)誤 1．主謂一致錯(cuò)誤 答案：looks　has　has　has　am　am　was　is 2．連詞錯(cuò)誤 答案：and　but　which　where　who　thinking　Though/Although　when　until　since　that　where　what　what　that　that 3．句子成分贅余 答案：very　far　it　there　but　yet　when 4．平行結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤 答案：try　sit 5．句子粘連錯(cuò)誤 答案：which　and Ⅰ.單句改錯(cuò) 1．Last summer，I went to Beijing，my first time trip to the city. 2．Two years later，he returned back home. 3．30 percent of girls would like to become teachers when only 5 percent of boys want to do this job. 4．They wanted one child or another to come out and played. 5．Bill was standing at the side of the car，talking to the man who were helping him to repair it. 6．But then there is always more mysteries to look into. 7．Being a qualified teacher need a lot of practice and training. 8．Because the help you gave me that summer，my life changed. 9．I came into the living room and saw one of them just go through the kitchen door but turn on the light. 10．Study hard，youll make great progress. 1．解析：去掉time。time一詞多余，first即可表達(dá)“第一次”。 2．解析：去掉back。return即可表達(dá)“歸來”之意。 3．解析：when→while。句中表達(dá)的是男生和女生愿意當(dāng)老師的人數(shù)的對比，因此用while。 4．解析：played→play。play和前面的come out為并列的動(dòng)詞。 5．解析：were→was。先行詞the man是單數(shù)，因此定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞也為單數(shù)。 6．解析：is→are。后面的mysteries為復(fù)數(shù)形式。 7．解析：need→needs。動(dòng)名詞作主語謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。 8．解析：Because后加of。連詞與介詞的混用。because of后可接名詞，而because只能接句子。 9．解析：but→and。根據(jù)句意，此處無轉(zhuǎn)折意義。 10．解析：逗號后加and/Study→Studying。逗號前后是兩個(gè)簡單句，中間需加連詞。另外，先后兩句話為順承關(guān)系，因此在逗號后加連詞and?；蛘甙裇tudy改為Studying，用v.ing作狀語。 Ⅱ.短文改錯(cuò) Test 1 When I am a kid，I never had any problems watching some cartoons. It was so many fun and a great education too. Mickey Mouse，Donald Duck，Tom and Jerry were my idols. Even now I really feel that they are worth watched at any age. The problem Ive found is the cartoons in present. Some of them contains something ugly. If you are expecting to teach your kids good manner and behavior，then they are the worst for your kids to watch. If your kid is fan of such cartoons，he or she will follow his or her favorite cartoon character and try to do something extreme dangerous. Therefore，try not to let your kids to watch too many todays cartoons. Make sure to keep an eye on that they are watching. 答案： When I a kid，I never had any problems watching some cartoons. It was so fun and a great education too. Mickey Mouse，Donald Duck，Tom and Jerry were my idols. Even now I really feel that they are worth at any age. The problem Ive found is the cartoons present. Some of them something ugly. If you are expecting to teach your kids good and behavior，then they are the worst for your kids to watch. If your kid is fan of such cartoons，he or she will follow his or her favorite cartoon character and try to do something dangerous. Therefore，try not to let your kids watch too many todays cartoons. Make sure to keep an eye on they are watching. Test 2 Dear Diana， Thank you for the lovely day we have with you. It was so kind for you to let us bring Annes friend，Gina. Unfortunate，the only problem was the journey home. There had been a terrible accident on the highway and，for a result，there was a long line of traffic for at least six mile. In the end，we drove to a service station and waited there unless the road was clear. In the car park here Gina nearly got knocked over as car drove out far too quickly from behind a lorry. They finally dropped Gina off at her parents and made our own way to home. 答案： Dear Diana， Thank you for the lovely day we with you. It was so kind you to let us bring Annes friend，Gina. ，the only problem was the journey home. There had been a terrible accident on the highway and， a result，there was a long line of traffic for at least six . In the end，we drove to a service station and waited there the road was clear. In the car park Gina nearly got knocked over as car drove out far too quickly from behind a lorry. finally dropped Gina off at her parents and made our own way home. 第四節(jié)　前后推敲——語篇型錯(cuò)誤 1．上下文中時(shí)態(tài)不一致 答案：was　are 2．上下文中代詞指代不一致 答案：its/the　None 3．上下文中行文邏輯不一致 答案：could后的not　After Ⅰ.單句改錯(cuò) 1．We must find ways to protect your environment. 2．I read your email to my parents and showed them the photo you sent it to me. 3．Many students feel it that a popular teacher must be kind and easygoing. 4．(2014高考全國卷Ⅱ)We can lie on the grass for a rest，or sat by the lake listening to music. 5．(2015高考全國卷Ⅰ)When I was a child，I hoped to live in the city.I think I would be happy there. 6．(2015高考全國卷Ⅰ)Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem. 7．(2015高考全國卷Ⅰ)There the air is clean or the mountains are green. 8．Today is Toms 70th birthday，but his sons didnt care for him on this special day. 1．解析：your→our/the。前后代詞指代需一致，前面用we，因此后面作定語的應(yīng)用our。 2．解析：去掉it。you sent to me是定語從句，關(guān)系代詞為that和which，在句中作賓語，故不能再使用代詞it。 3．解析：去掉it。動(dòng)詞feel的賓語是that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，而it不是形式賓語(如果是形式賓語，其后應(yīng)接形容詞)。 4．解析：sat→sit。此處sit和前面的lie是并列關(guān)系。根據(jù)上下文及此處lie所用的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)形式可知，應(yīng)把過去式sat改為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)sit。 5．解析：think→thought。前句是一般過去時(shí)，且本復(fù)合句的從句用了過去將來時(shí)，故此處應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，以符合“時(shí)態(tài)一致”原則。小時(shí)候，我希望在城市里居住。我原以為在那里我會(huì)很幸福。是過去以為，要用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。 6．解析：刪除shown前的been。此處表示“研究表明”，所以用主動(dòng)語態(tài)。 7．解析：or→and。鄉(xiāng)村的空氣是干凈的，大山是翠綠翠綠的。前后是并列關(guān)系。 8．解析：didnt→dont。由前半部分可知，此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 Ⅱ.短文改錯(cuò) Test 1 (2016河北邢臺(tái)高三摸底考試)　Last Saturday，Mum gave me two ticket for a film.Although she was too busy to go with me，she told me to sell the extra ticket if possibly.At the gate of the cinema I met a handsome young man who was offered to have them，but he had only a 100yuan note.He asked me to wait a moment for him change it in the cinema’s store.Without much thinking，I agreed.He walked so fast that I could hard keep up for him.Soon he disappeared，and I stood there without knowing how to do.Suddenly I realized the handsome young fellow has cheated me.He had saved money，but lost his honor. 答案： Last Saturday，Mum gave me two for a film. she was too busy to go with me，she told me to sell the extra ticket if .At the gate of the cinema I met a handsome young man who offered to have ，but he had only a 100yuan note. He asked me to wait a moment for him change it in the cinema’s store.Without much thinking，I agreed.He walked so fast that I could keep up him.Soon he disappeared，and I stood there without knowing to do.Suddenly I realized the handsome young fellow cheated me.He had saved money，but lost his honor. Test 2 I am glad that our newlybuilt electronic reading room will put into use soon. Here are my suggestions: Since the ereading room is larger enough，I think it should be access to all the students. In order to suit the students timetable，that is better to be open from 6：00 a．m. to 10：00 p．m. from Monday to Friday or 7: 00 a．m. to 10: 00 p．m. at weekends. As for the books to be stored，we are very interested in reference book about all subjects they are learning. Besides，we also welcomed different types of dictionaries，novels，magazines and newspapers，so that