高中英語語法復(fù)習(xí)專題講解高中英語語法復(fù)習(xí)專題講解 形容詞和副詞形容詞和副詞 一形容詞、副詞的作用與位置形容詞是用來修飾名詞的，常被放在名詞前作定語，或放在系動詞后面作表語。Its an interesting book.The book is interesting.形容詞除了作定語、表語外，還可充當(dāng)補語、狀語The news that our class had won the final game made us happy.The glass fell to the ground,broken and the old man fell to the floor,dead.副詞用來修飾形容詞、動詞，其他副詞或句子，一般位于形容詞之前，動詞之后或句子之首。The price is surprisingly high.He is walking slowly in the garden.He drives extremely carefully.Luckily,he passed the driving test.以下屬幾種特殊情況（1）形容詞短語作定語，定語后置。a language difficult to master（2）表語形容詞（afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等）作定語，定語后置。a man alive有些表身體健康狀況的形容詞如well、faint、ill只作表語。（3）用作定語，修飾由不定代詞one、no、any、some和every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞如anything、something等時,常后置。I have something important to tell you.（4）某些形容詞加上定冠詞可以泛指一類人，與謂語動詞的復(fù)數(shù)連接如the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind等。The poor are losing hope.窮人將失去希望。有關(guān)國家和民族的形容詞加上定冠詞指這個民族的整體，與動詞的復(fù)數(shù)連用.如the British，the English，the French，the ChineseThe English have wonderful sense of humor.英國人頗有幽默感。（5）enough修飾形容詞、副詞時，必須后置。He is not old enough to go to school.（6）幾個副詞并列作狀語時，其順序較靈活，但一般是：方式地點時間We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday.（7）頻度副詞如often、always、usually等在be動詞后，行為動詞前。I usually get up at six.Im always the first one to get to school.（8）副詞作定語，定語后置。The person there is waiting for you.9）幾個并列的形容詞作定語，其語序通常為：限定語（The、A）+描繪性形容詞+size（大小）+shape（形狀）+age（年齡、時間）+color（顏色）+origin（國籍、來源）+material（材料）+purpose（目的）+名詞。多個形容詞排列順序的口訣：“縣官行令謝國材”，其含義是：“縣”（限）代表限定詞，包括冠詞、指示代詞、形容詞性物主代詞、名詞所有格、數(shù)詞等?！肮佟保ㄓ^）代表表示觀點的描繪性形容詞，如fine，beautiful，interesting等?！靶小保ㄐ危┍泶笮　㈤L短、高低及形狀的形容詞，如small，tall，high，little，round“令”（齡）代表表示年齡、新、舊的形容詞如old，young“謝”（“色”的近似音）代表表示顏色的形容詞，如white，black，yellow等。“國”代表國籍、地區(qū)、出處的形容詞（或名詞），如English，American，mountain等。“材”則代表形成中心名詞的材料的形容詞，如stone，wooden，silk，plastic等。a fine old stone bridge 一座古老的漂亮的石橋his large new black foreign car 他那輛新的大型黑色外國進(jìn)口汽車a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella,the mans first interesting little red French oil paintings（10）以-ly結(jié)尾的詞性辨析。下列單詞以-ly結(jié)尾，但卻是形容詞而非副詞：lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、silly、likely、timely,weekly,daily等。表原意（無-ly）和引申意(有-ly)的副詞：deep深 deeply深入地 wide寬廣 widely廣泛地 high高 highly高度地 low位置低 lowly地位卑微 有無-ly意義大不相同的副詞：dead完全，絕對 be dead asleep deadly非常 be deadly tired pretty相當(dāng) be pretty certain that prettily漂亮地 be prettily dressed close近 Dont sit close.closely密切地 Watch closely!late晚、遲 arrive late,come late lately最近 I havent seen him lately.(recently).二 復(fù)合形容詞的構(gòu)成（1）形容詞+名詞+ed kind-hearted好心的，white-haired白發(fā)的 (2)形容詞+形容詞 red-hot熾熱的，dark-blue深藍(lán)的（3）形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 good-looking好看的，easy-going隨和的（4）副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 hard-working勤勞的，fast-moving快速轉(zhuǎn)動的（5）副詞+過去分詞 hard-won得來不易的，newly-made新建的（6）名詞+形容詞 life-long終生的，world-famous世界聞名的（7）名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 peace-loving愛好和平的，fun-loving愛開玩笑的（8）名詞+過去分詞 snow-covered白雪覆蓋的，hand-made手工的（9）數(shù)詞+名詞+ed four-storyed 4層樓的，three-legged 3條腿的（10）數(shù)詞+名詞（名詞用單數(shù)）ten-year 10年的,two-man兩人的 三 形容詞和副詞的比較等級 1形容詞的比較級和最高級（1）一般情況 加er,est smaller,smallest（2）以e 結(jié)尾 加r,st larger,largest（3)以輔音字母+y 結(jié)尾的詞 改y為i，再加er,est busier,busiest（4)重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母 雙寫末尾輔音字母，加er,est fatter,fattest（5)以ow,er結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞 加er,est narrower,narrowestcleverer,cleverest（6)多數(shù)雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)的詞 加more most more beautiful,most important 2 副詞的比較級和最高級（1)大多數(shù)以ly結(jié)尾的副詞前加more 和most more/most carefully（2）少數(shù)單音節(jié)副詞，加er,est faster,fastest 3幾個特殊的形容詞和副詞的不規(guī)則變化 good/well-better-bestbad/ill/badly-worse-worst many/much more-mostlittle less-least far farther/further farthest-furtherold older/elder oldest-eldest 四比較級和最高級的常用句型 1.形容詞原級的用法 形容詞的原級常用于asas及not as(so)as兩種句型中.中間的形容詞必須是原級.句型asas,表示兩者相比較,程度相同.例如:The old man walks as fast as a young man.這位老人走路與年輕人一樣快.Science is as important as Math.自然科學(xué)與數(shù)學(xué)一樣重要.(2)句型not as(so)as,表示前者不如后者.Im not as tall as Jack.我沒有杰克高.She doesnt run so fast as I.她沒有我跑得快.This warship is not so big as that one.這艘軍艦沒有那艘大.(3)需要注意的形容詞的原級用法:數(shù)詞+times+as+形容詞原級+as(是的幾倍).This tree is twice as short as that one.這棵樹比那棵樹矮一倍.My scores are three times as many as yours.我的分?jǐn)?shù)是你的三倍.This road is four times as wide as that one.這條馬路的寬度是那條的四倍.half+as+形容詞原級+as(的一半).例如:My English is not half as good as yours.我的英語不如你的一半好.This town is half as big as ours.這個城鎮(zhèn)有我們城鎮(zhèn)的一半大.The rivers in the north arent half as many as those in the south.北方的河流不如南方的一半多.asas結(jié)構(gòu)中,若形容詞作定語修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),不定冠詞a(an)置于形容詞與名詞之間.English is as important a subject as Math.英語是和數(shù)學(xué)同樣重要的一門學(xué)科.Uncle Wang is as good a man as my father.王叔叔是與我父親同樣好的一個人.This is as famous a school as ours.這是一所與我們學(xué)校同樣著名的學(xué)校.4）由as as組成的形容詞或副詞短語 as much as+不可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量。Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons.She could earn as much as ten dollars a week.as many as+可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量 多達(dá) I have as many as sixteen reference books.as early as 早在 As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island.as far as遠(yuǎn)到；就而知（論）We might go as far as(走到)the church and back.As far as I know（就我所知）,he has been there before.may(might,could)as well不妨、不如 Then you might as well stay with us here.as as possible 盡可能Just get them to finish up as quickly as possible.2.形容詞比較級的用法(1)表示兩者之間比較時,用形容詞比較級+than或lessthan兩種句型.Your mother looks healthier than bef7ore.你媽媽看上去比以前健康了.Im less interested in basketball than you.我沒有你對籃球感興趣.注意：比較從句中為了避免重復(fù)，我們通常用 that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞。that指物,one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，one只能代替可數(shù)名詞。The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk.The water in winter feels colder than that in summer.注意:在比較級句型中，要遵循前后一致的原則。The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.(2)形容詞的比較級還可以用于以下句型中.more and more 越來越.例如:The park is getting more and more beautiful.這個公園變得越來越美了.China had become stronger and stronger.中國已變得越來越強(qiáng)大了.the morethe more 越就越.例如:The more books we read,the cleverer we will become.我們讀的書越多,就會變得越聰明.The sooner,the better.越早越好.The more exercise we take,the healthier we are.我們越鍛煉,身體就越健康.the+比較級+of the two兩個中較的一個.Id like to go to the farther of the two places.我愿意去兩個地方中更遠(yuǎn)的那個地方.She is the fatter of the two girls.她是那兩個女孩中較胖的一個.比較級+than any other+單數(shù)名詞比其他任何都.例如:Li Lei is taller than any other boy in his class.李雷比他班上其他任何一個男孩都高.(李雷最高)The population of China is larger than any others in the world.中國的人口比世界上其他任何國家的人口都多.(暗指中國人口最多)形容詞比較級前還可以用much,a lot,far,even,still,a little,no,any等表示程度的詞來修飾.I feel a little better than yesterday.我感覺比昨天好一點兒了.The job is far more difficult than before.這工作比以前要難得多.用于否定 no+比較級+than 和一樣不 He is no richer than I.他和我一樣不富有。7.用于否定 最不過 His work couldnt be worse.他的工作再糟糕不過了。3.形容詞最高級的用法(1)三者或三者以上相比較,用the+最高級+名詞+范圍結(jié)構(gòu).This is the cleanest place of the city.這是這個城市最干凈的地方.Hu Yun is the fastest of all the girls in our class.胡云是我們班女生中跑得最快的.(2)表示最之一,用one of the+形容詞最高級+復(fù)數(shù)名詞“The Great Wall of China is one of the greatest buildings in the world.中國的長城是世界上最偉大的建筑之一.This is one of the most interesting books that Ive ever read.這是我讀過的最有趣的書之一.注意：形容詞最高級前必須加定冠詞the,但最高級前面有物主代詞修飾時,則不加the.例如:這是我最好的朋友.(正)This is my best friend.(誤)This is my the(the my)best friend.五、幾種常見的形容詞句型 1.形容詞+介詞+名詞(或代詞或動名詞)Im not interested in playing computer games.我對打電腦游戲不感興趣.My parents are pleased with my studies.我父母對我的學(xué)習(xí)感到滿意.2.It is(was)+形容詞+of/for+名詞(或代詞)+不定式 Its foolish of me to make such a mistake.犯這樣的錯誤,我真是太傻了.It was kind of the driver to send the old man home.這位司機(jī)把老人送回家,他真是太好了.Its difficult for me to finish the work in a day.對我來說,一天之內(nèi)完成這項工作很難.3.形容詞+不定式 常用于這種句型的形容詞有:able,sure,lucky,ready,happy,likely等.例如:She is sure to pass the exam.她一定會通過考試的.Im lucky to meet you here.我真幸運,能在這兒碰到你.六幾個無比較意義的比較級句型歸納 1.no more than=only 只有，僅僅，只不過 There are no more than a hundred people in the hall.大廳里只有100人。2.not more than=at the most 不超過，至多 There are not more than a hundred people in the hall.大廳里至多100人。3.no less than 多達(dá)，不少于 He made no less than500.他賺了多達(dá)五百英鎊的錢。He walks no less than five miles to school.他上學(xué)至少要走五英里。4.less than 不到，不太，極不 I wont take less than$5000 for my car.我的汽車低于5000美元不賣。The boys were less than happy about having a party.開晚會男孩子并不很高興。5.more than 多于，超過(=over，后接數(shù)詞)；不只是(=not only，后接名詞、動詞或副詞)；非常，十分(=very，后接形容詞、副詞、動詞或分詞)；難以，完全不能(用于more thancan)He was more than seventy years of age.他有七十多歲了。He more than smiled,but laughed.他不只是微笑而是大笑。They were more than glad to help.他們非常樂于幫忙。That is more than I can tell.那我就不知道了。6.more or less(=almost,nearly,about)基本上，差不多，大約 The work is more or less finished.工作基本上完成了。The repairs will cost$30,more or less.修理費大約要30美元。7.sooner or later 遲早，早晚，總有一天 You should tell her because shell find out sooner or later.你還是告訴她吧因為她早晚會發(fā)覺的。8.whats more 而且，此外，還有，更有甚者 I missed the bus and had to walk home.Whats more,it was raining and I got all wet.我趕不上巴士，不得不走回家，而且那時正在下雨，我全身都濕透了。9.no soonerthan 一就 He had no sooner arrived than he was asked to leave again.他剛到就被支走了。