課時14 書面表達（二）-申請信 .閱讀理解AChildren who spend more time outdoors may have a lower risk of becoming nearsighted， new research suggests.In the study， researchers looked at about 1，900 schoolchildren. The scientists found that the kids who had been instructed to spend more time outdoors over three years were 23 percent less likely to develop nearsightedness during this time than those who had not been instructed to spend more time outdoors. Moreover， among the kids who did become nearsighted during the study， the degree to which their eyesight worsened was slightly smaller among those who spent more time outdoors.The researchers selected six schools and required the children， whose average age was 7 at the start of the study， to attend one additional 60minute class of outdoor activities during each school day for three years. The parents of these children were also encouraged to engage their children in outdoor activities after school， especially during weekends and holidays. The other half of the children， from another six schools， continued their usual activity patterns. After three years， 30.4 percent of the kids in the intervention(干預(yù)) group had become nearsighted， compared with 38.5 percent of the kids in the other group.It is not clear exactly why spending more time outside would benefit childrens eyesight， the researchers said. However， some researches have suggested that the higher levels of light intensity found outdoors may increase the release of the chemical dopamine(多巴胺) of the eye. In turn， dopamine is known to restrain the type of growth in the eye that is associated with nearsightedness.Based on the new results， the researchers recommend that children spend more time outdoors because of the potential benefits to their eyesight. However， its important to protect kids skin and eyes from UV light， which can be damaging.語篇解讀本文為說明文?？茖W研究發(fā)現(xiàn)戶外活動能減少孩子患近視的概率。1.What did the children in the intervention group do during each school day？A.Attend an extra class of outdoor activities.B.Continue to do their usual activities.C.Spend one hour in doing eye exercises.D.Participate in outdoor activities with parents.解析：考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“required the children. to attend one additional 60minute class of outdoor activities during each school day for three years”可知，這一組的孩子每個教學日都額外上一節(jié)為時一個小時的戶外活動課。答案：A2.What can be inferred about the chemical dopamine？A.It can contribute to poor sight.B.It can damage peoples brain.C.It is beneficial to eyesight.D.It means low levels of light intensity.解析：考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“In turn，dopamine is known to restrain the type of growth in the eye that is associated with nearsightedness”可知多巴胺對視力是有好處的。答案：C3.What may be discussed in the following paragraph？A.How to design outdoor activities for kids.B.How to prevent kids becoming nearsighted.C.How to protect kids skin and eyes from UV light.D.How to encourage kids to join in outdoor activities.解析：考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句中的“its important to protect kids skin and eyes from UV light”可推知，接下來作者很可能會講怎樣保護孩子的皮膚和眼睛免受紫外線的傷害。答案：C4.Which can serve as the best title for the passage？A.The More Time Outdoors， the BetterB.Kids May See Better if They Play OutsideC.Its Time to Engage Kids in Outdoor ActivitiesD.Researchers Found a Cure for Nearsightedness解析：考查主旨要義。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容尤其是第一段中的“Children who spend more time outdoors may have a lower risk of becoming nearsighted”可知，本文主要講的是在戶外活動比較多的孩子患近視的概率較小。故B項最能概括文章的大意。答案：BBMini RiserAttractive， Compact， Adjustable Laptop StandPRICE： $10.95KEY FEATURES：* A compact， stylish laptop riser designed for laptops.* Open design lets air flow under the laptop and positions the keyboard at a comfortable angle.* Adjustable width will support iPads， netbooks， up to 17 laptops.* Strong.* Stable.Every time we slipped out to our local coffee shop to remove a creative jam， the coffee was hot and so were the laptops. Other risers were too big to carry along， so we created our own. We call it the Mini Riser. A supercompact and stylish riser designed for people using laptops.The Mini Riser allows air to pass under your laptop (1.8 inches of lift)， and supports the keyboard at a more comfortable angle. The small， open profile makes it easy to put into your laptop case or just carry along. You can adjust the heavy， bendable wire to fit your laptop by stretching or compressing the legs as needed. Everything stays in one place， and it is strong enough to support up to 35 pounds (15.9 kilograms).INCLUDES：2 blue Mini Risers and a printed guide showing you how to use and adjust them. Thats enough for you and a friend， for home and work， or an extra just in case.Learn more about using and adjusting the Mini Riser with these videos：USING A MINI RISER (Click here)HOW TO ADJUST A MINI RISER (Click here)語篇解讀本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了一款適合筆記本電腦使用者的袖珍型提升架。5.Who is the passage especially helpful for？A.People who are in fashion.B.People who like carrying small bags.C.People who drink coffee often.D.People who use laptops.解析：考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文中的“A supercompact and stylish riser designed for people using laptops”可知，這種提升架是為筆記本電腦使用者設(shè)計的。故D項正確。答案：D6.What can we know about the Mini Riser？A.It is so strong as to support nearly 35 pounds.B.Its width is adjustable to support 21 laptops.C.It cant hold both the laptop and table tightly.D.It can easily lift the laptops up to 1.7 inches.解析：考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文中的“Everything stays in one place， and it is strong enough to support up to 35 pounds (15.9 kilograms)”可知，袖珍型提升架足夠結(jié)實，能支撐起多達35磅的重量。故選A項。答案：A7.Where can you read this text？A.In an exhibition guide.B.In a science magazine.C.On a shopping website.D.In a business newspaper.解析：考查文章出處。根據(jù)文中出現(xiàn)兩次的“Click here”及文章內(nèi)容尤其是“$10.95”可知，本文最有可能出現(xiàn)在一個購物網(wǎng)站上。故選C項。答案：C.完形填空One winter Sunday， my little sister， Colleen， and I built the greatest snowman ever. For _1_， we gave him a traditional carrot nose， beautiful hat， cozy scarf and gloves.The next morning， _2_ outside， we smiled adoringly at him over our cornflakes at breakfast. We even expressed our _3_ to him as we passed on our way to school. Many kids went past our house， so he was the hot _4_ that morning. After school， my sister and I _5_ shared our professional snowmanbuilding tips and techniques again with other kids.But as our yard came into _6_， we saw something that wasnt _7_our snowman was crushed. _8_ sad， we knew one thing： Our snowman would _9_ again. And so we rebuilt him， but the next day we came home to _10_ find the remains on the front lawn. For the rest of the week， the _11_ was repeated daily. Each afternoon wed _12_ to find him crushed， and then we would build him up again.By Saturday morning， we had made a _13_. We filled a really big bucket with water and left it outside. The next morning， it was frozen _14_. After we packed snow all around the ice block for the base， we _15_ ourselves. Then we soon saw what we were _16_. Three bullies (欺凌弱小者) in my school came over to our snowman and sneered (譏笑). Then taking their places on either side， they pulled back their legs to _17_ powerful kicks. But when their feet connected with the hard ice block， sneers turned to surprise， then _18_， and then tears.We came close to feeling _19_， but they were too funny as they hopped away holding their _20_ feet. We couldnt stop laughing. And that was the end of our problems with snow bullies.語篇解讀本文為記敘文。作者和妹妹堆了一個雪人，然而雪人總是被人毀壞，使得作者和妹妹不得不一次次地重堆雪人。1.A.functionB.performanceC.personality D.curiosity解析：根據(jù)后文中的“we gave him a traditional carrot nose，beautiful hat，cozy scarf and gloves”可知，此處表示的應(yīng)是為了(彰顯)個性(personality)。答案：C2.A.walking B.lookingC.playing D.reading解析：根據(jù)后文中的“we smiled adoringly at him over our cornflakes at breakfast”可知，此處指的應(yīng)是在吃早飯的時候我們向外看(looking)。答案：B3.A.greetings B.regretsC.prayers D.thanks解析：根據(jù)語境，此處表示我們甚至還跟雪人打招呼(greetings)。答案：A4.A.hero B.themeC.topic D.subject解析：根據(jù)上下文可知，因為有很多孩子從作者的家門口經(jīng)過，所以這個雪人成了那天早上的熱點話題(topic)。答案：C5.A.purposefully B.immediatelyC.casually D.generously解析：此處表示放學后，作者和妹妹再次慷慨地(generously)和其他孩子分享專業(yè)的堆雪人的技巧。答案：D6.A.effect B.sightC.force D.existence解析：由后文的“saw”可知，此處表示的應(yīng)是當我們的院子出現(xiàn)在眼前的時候。come into sight“出現(xiàn)在眼前”，符合語境。答案：B7.A.reasonable B.practicalC.natural D.normal解析：由后文的內(nèi)容可知，此處指我們注意到一些不正常的(normal)事情，即雪人被毀了。答案：D8.A.Unless B.ThoughC.Since D.Whether解析：根據(jù)上下文可知，此處指盡管我們很傷心，但我們知道一件事，那就是我們的雪人會再次被堆起來。故此處應(yīng)用Though引導讓步狀語從句。答案：B9.A.rise B.operateC.disappear D.fall解析：參見上題解析。下文的“we rebuilt him”是提示。答案：A10.A.yet B.stillC.even D.ever解析：由下文的“find the remains on the front lawn”可知，此處指第二天回家時，我們?nèi)匀?still)在草坪上發(fā)現(xiàn)了雪人的殘余部分。答案：B11.A.message B.exerciseC.destruction D.program解析：由上下文的內(nèi)容可知，此處指在那一周接下來的幾天里，雪人每天都被毀(destruction)。答案：C12.A.return B.manageC.intend D.challenge解析：根據(jù)上文的“After school”和“came home”可知，此處指每天下午我們回來(return)都會看到雪人被毀，然后我們會把它重新堆起來。答案：A13.A.prediction B.compromiseC.plan D.promise解析：根據(jù)下文的“We filled a really big bucket with water and left it outside.”可知，此處表示我們制訂了一個計劃(plan)。答案：C14.A.solid B.coldC.huge D.superior解析：根據(jù)下文中的“hard ice block”及常識可知，冬天把一桶水放在室外一夜后，水會凍成堅硬的冰塊。故用solid“堅硬的，固體的”。答案：A15.A.dressed B.trainedC.hid D.pushed解析：根據(jù)上下文和常識可知，我們應(yīng)是藏起來看究竟發(fā)生了什么事以及我們的計劃實施得如何。故用hid。答案：C16.A.waiting for B.working outC.making for D.bringing out解析：此處指我們很快看到了我們一直等待(waiting for)著的事情。答案：A17.A.improve B.masterC.pretend D.deliver解析：由空后的“powerful kicks”可知，此處應(yīng)選deliver“給予(打擊等)，投擲”。答案：D18.A.laughter B.confusionC.tension D.pain解析：根據(jù)上文中的“hard ice block”和空后的“and then tears”可知，此處指這些人踢到堅硬的冰塊后，譏笑變成了驚訝，隨后是疼痛(pain)，然后是眼淚。答案：D19.A.proud B.sorryC.grateful D.embarrassed解析：由后文的“but they were too funny”可知，此處表示我們差一點就覺得抱歉(sorry)了，但是當他們托著受傷的(damaged)腳跳著離開時，他們的樣子實在是太滑稽了，因此我們禁不住大笑起來。come close to doing“差點做某事”。答案：B20.A.bare B.damagedC.disabled D.back解析：參見上題解析。答案：B