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課時19 書面表達（七）-說明文 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A Data on British buying habits in 2016 reveals a move away from products such as sausages and bacon in favour of fish and poultry (家禽肉). The move may be because highend consumers are noticing growing warnings about their impact on health. That was reinforced by an assessment by the World Health Organization in October that placed cured and processed meats in the same category as asbestos， alcohol， arsenic and tobacco as major causes of cancer. Sales of sausages and bacon were down 14.4% last year compared with 2015 and sales of red meat fell by 8.1%. In contrast， sales of poultry and fish rose by 13.1% and 25.1% respectively. The sustained interest in organic food is driven by an increase in young and socially conscious “millennials” (born from the early 1980s to the early 2000s) with strong social， ethical and environmental values. They are prepared to pay extra for healthier options and shifting shopping patterns away from “the big weekly shop” in favour of “a few and often”. At Tesco sales of organic fruit and vegetables have risen by more than 18% over the last year—double the market average. Tesco fruit commercial manager Gareth Wilcock said， “The revival of organic foods has been gathering pace over the last few years， with lower prices and better availability both playing a major part in that.” George Scott， food and grocery analyst with Verdict Retail， said， “Organic food is no longer niche (針對特定小群體的) and I think this upward sales trend is here to stay. It is very significant that we have acute consumers who are prepared to trade up to the foods where they want the best quality and assurances of provenance.” [語篇解讀]　這是一篇說明文。數(shù)據(jù)表明英國人改變了以往的購物習慣，他們不再依戀肉類加工品，而是轉向健康的有機食品。 1.What does the World Health Organization think of processed meats？ A.Highend consumers prefer them. B.They have little effect on heart diseases. C.Theyre a kind of organic food. D.Theyre likely to cause cancer. 解析：考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“...placed cured and processed meats in the same category as asbestos，alcohol， arsenic and tobacco as major causes of cancer”可知，世界衛(wèi)生組織認為，肉類加工品有可能致癌。 答案：D 2.What are the figures in Paragraph 3 used to show？ A.The sales of some food in two years. B.Some data on British buying habits. C.Customers interest in organic food. D.The change of British buying habits. 解析：考查推理判斷。第三段中列舉的數(shù)據(jù)是為了支持本文的話題“Data on British buying habits in 2016 reveals a move away from products such as sausages and bacon in favour of fish and poultry(家禽肉)”，即英國人改變了以往的購物習慣，不再依戀肉類加工品，而是轉向有機食品。所以D項正確。 答案：D 3.What can we know about “millennials”？ A.They like buying in large quantities. B.Theyre healthconscious. C.They used to buy a few things. D.They share the same eating habits. 解析：考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“They are prepared to pay extra for healthier options”可知，千禧一代愿意為了更健康的選擇多付錢，由此可推知他們有健康意識。 答案：B 4.What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs？ A.Organic food businesses are taking off. B.Organic foods have unfavorable prices. C.Its inconvenient to buy organic foods. D.Its hard to satisfy all consumers. 解析：考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后兩段的內(nèi)容，尤其是“At Tesco sales of organic fruit and vegetables have risen by more than 18% over the last year... The revival of organic foods has been gathering pace over the last few years”和“I think this upward sales trend is here to stay”可知，有機食物企業(yè)開始盛行。 答案：A B It is an aerial performance far beyond the capabilities of even the most complex modern aircraft： landing upside down on a ceiling. But it is routine business for bats， and now scientists have learned precisely how they do it. Brown University scientists observed two species： Sebas shorttailed bat and the lesser dogfaced fruit bat. They tracked their motions using three highspeed video cameras taking images at 1，000 frames per second， and studied weight distribution in the bats body and wings. They found that by flapping both wings while folding one of them just a bit toward their body， a bat can shift its centre of mass to perform a midair flip in order to land on a ceiling. “Flying animals all move skillfully constantly as they fly through a threedimensional environment，” Brown biology and engineering professor Sharon Swartz said. “Bats employ this specific technique every time they land， because for a bat， landing requires reorienting from head forward， back up， belly down， to head down， toes up.” When approaching their touchdown spot， bats are not flying very quickly， making it difficult to gather the type of aerodynamic forces produced by pushing against the air that could help position them for an upsidedown landing. But their heavy wings enable them instead to create inertial(慣性的) forces to adjust themselves in midair. Swartz said bats， as nocturnal(夜間活動的) animals， are generally not fully appreciated as skilled pilots. “People have many opportunities to observe birds and insects flying， but the bat world is hidden in the night. The more we observe flight behavior in bats， the more we are impressed，” Swartz said. [語篇解讀]　本文是一篇說明文。蝙蝠能倒掛在天花板上，這是精彩的空中特技表演，甚至超越了最復雜的現(xiàn)代飛機的能力。 5.Whats the key factor in bats successful landing？ A.Flapping both wings constantly. B.Flying slowly and stably. C.Choosing suitable positions. D.Shifting their centre of mass. 解析：考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“They found that by flapping both wings while folding one of them just a bit toward their body，a bat can shift its centre of mass to perform a midair flip in order to land on a ceiling”可知，轉移重心能讓蝙蝠成功倒掛在天花板上。 答案：D 6.Which word is closest in meaning to the underlined word “reorienting”？ A.Adjust.　　　　　　　　　　 B.Show. C.Identify. D.Maintain. 解析：考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)畫線詞后的“from head forward，back up，belly down，to head down，toes up”和上下文語境可知，此處指的是蝙蝠降落需要從頭朝前、背朝上、腹部朝下調(diào)整為頭朝下、腳趾朝上。故畫線詞應意為“調(diào)整”，與adjust的意義相近。 答案：A 7.Why arent bats generally recognized as skilled pilots？ A.Their flying skills are controversial. B.Their flight behavior is hard to understand. C.Theyre not the most skilled in flying. D.Theyre primarily active at night. 解析：考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“as nocturnal(夜間活動的) animals”和“but the bat world is hidden in the night”可知，因為蝙蝠在夜間活動，不易被觀察到，因此在飛行技巧方面未受到充分賞識。 答案：D 8.What is the text mainly about？ A.How bats hunt at night. B.How bats land upside down. C.How bats travel around at night. D.How scientists track bats motions. 解析：考查主旨要義。通讀全文可知，文章主要講蝙蝠是怎樣倒掛在天花板上的。故B項最能概括文章的大意。 答案：B Ⅱ.完形填空 I was touched so much. A while back， my threeyearold son and I settled back for his goodnight __1__. We lay down in his little bed and he said， “Daddy， when I get big can I live with you？” I __2__ him he could live with me any time he wanted to. A moment later he said， “When you die youre going to feel __3__ on your face and it will be me touching you.” Then he __4__， “I will kiss you.” He moved over， kissed me. I was aware of tears suddenly welling up in my eyes. I didnt want to explain __5__ I was crying； as I opened my eyes to look at him， he was already __6__. I spent some time looking at him， __7__ the minute and wondering about the depth of the __8__ Id had. It occurred to me that I didnt remember having much of this kind of __9__ time with my father， and that this was a time that would be __10__ shortlived. This time of __11__ that forms a threeyearolds life， would soon be __12__. What will remain， however， will be the __13__ of this short while reoccurring in my mind nonstop. It made all of the difficult __14__ of being a father worthwhile. Sometimes， being a committed father can feel like youre __15__ the doorkeeper， driver， and __16__ in the house. Then you will have “a __17__”， one like this in which your child expresses absolute， pure， and __18__ love for you. When your kids have __19__ home and you look back at these years， all of these will be strung together to __20__ the memories of their lives with you. 　　[語篇解讀]　和孩子在一起的溫馨時刻讓作者感慨萬千，作者認為作為父親應該珍惜這個時刻，因為它很短暫。 1.A.manner B.process C.routine D.service 解析：根據(jù)空前的“his goodnight”和空后的“We lay down in his little bed”以及常識可知，此處指父親給兒子睡前道晚安這一慣例(routine)。 答案：C 2.A.warned B.reminded C.assured D.convinced 解析：此處指作者向兒子保證(assured)只要他想，他隨時可以和作者住在一起。 答案：C 3.A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything 解析：根據(jù)“it will be me touching you”可知，這里表示有某種不確定的東西，所以用something。 答案：A 4.A.admitted B.promised C.shouted D.concluded 解析：根據(jù)語境可知，此處指作者的兒子向自己承諾(promised)道，“我會吻你”。 答案：B 5.A.how B.why C.whether D.when 解析：作者意識到自己突然熱淚盈眶，但是不想解釋自己為什么(why)哭了。此處why引導賓語從句，表示原因。 答案：B 6.A.silent B.upset C.asleep D.calm 解析：根據(jù)語境可知，這里指當作者睜開眼看他時，他已經(jīng)睡著(asleep)了。 答案：C 7.A.enjoying B.searching C.checking D.expecting 解析：此處指作者看了他一會兒，享受這個時刻，故用enjoying強調(diào)這個時刻的美好。 答案：A 8.A.sight B.idea C.feeling D.view 解析：此處指“我驚訝于剛剛的感受之深刻”。兒子說出那些話，作者會很有感觸，故用feeling。 答案：C 9.A.gentle B.historic C.magical D.simple 解析：作者剛剛和兒子在一起的那一幕是溫馨的，作者不記得自己和父親曾有過這樣溫馨的時刻。gentle“溫柔的，溫馨的”。 答案：A 10.A.possibly B.originally C.extremely D.frequently 解析：由下文的“shortlived”“would soon be”“short while”可知，作者認為這樣的時刻極其短暫。extremely“極度，極其”。 答案：C 11.A.cleverness B.truth C.innocence D.care 解析：此處指三歲孩童生命中的這種天真(innocence)將會很快消失(gone)。 答案：C 12.A.valued B.shaped C.changed D.gone 解析：參見上題解析。“shortlived”和“forms a threeyearolds life... this short while”亦是提示。 答案：D 13.A.effect B.scene C.result D.mark 解析：此處指然而，留下的將會是不斷浮現(xiàn)在作者的腦海中的這一短暫時刻的畫面。scene“景象”，符合語境。 答案：B 14.A.work B.dream C.reality D.career 解析：此處指和孩子在一起度過的美好時刻讓作為父親所做的所有困難的工作(work)都變得值得了。 答案：A 15.A.just B.even C.still D.also 解析：有時候做一個盡心盡力的父親會讓你覺得自己只是(just)家里的看門人、司機和清潔工。 答案：A 16.A.teacher B.waiter C.cleaner D.customer 解析：參見上題解析。根據(jù)空前的“doorkeeper，driver”和空后的“in the house”可知，此處選cleaner。 答案：C 17.A.process B.course C.period D.moment 解析：此處指然后，你會碰到這樣一個時刻。這里用moment和上文作者與兒子之間的溫馨時刻呼應。 答案：D 18.A.unconditional B.insignificant C.sufficient D.inaccessible 解析：在這一刻，你的孩子向你表達絕對的、純粹的和無條件的愛。從“absolute，pure”可看出應用unconditional“無條件的”與之并列。 答案：A 19.A.missed B.organized C.left D.returned 解析：根據(jù)下文的“l(fā)ook back at these years”“the memories of their lives with you”可知，這里指孩子長大后離開(left)家。 答案：C 20.A.make up B.contribute to C.consist of D.count on 解析：所有和孩子在一起的這些溫馨時刻會串在一起，組成(make up)美好的回憶。 答案：A