專題十二,動(dòng)詞的語態(tài),動(dòng)詞的語態(tài),1,被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成,分析近3年甘肅中考真題可以看出，動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)跟動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一樣，屬于每年中考的重點(diǎn)。涉及題型主要在語法與情景對話、完形填空和詞匯考查中。一般會(huì)和時(shí)態(tài)合在一起考查，考生在做題時(shí)，可以根據(jù)語態(tài)排除錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)，最后再細(xì)讀題干，判斷哪種時(shí)態(tài)，最終確定答案。,1.中考需掌握的各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成見下表：,2.主動(dòng)語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化為被動(dòng)語態(tài)的方法,3.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種特殊情況,（1）make,see,watch,hear,notice,feel等實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或感官動(dòng)詞在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中與省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式連用，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，必須還原to。如：Ioftenseetheoldmanruninthemorning.我經(jīng)?？匆娺@位老人在早上跑步。Theoldmanisoftenseentoruninthemorning.這位老人常被看見在早上跑步。（2）一些動(dòng)詞短語用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞短語應(yīng)視為一個(gè)整體，而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。如：Thelittledogmustbelookedafterwell.這只小狗必須被好好照顧。,4.主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義的幾種情況,（1）不及物動(dòng)詞與狀語連用，用以表示主語的品質(zhì)和狀態(tài)。常見的動(dòng)詞是：cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等。如：Thebookssellwell.這些書銷售得很好。,（2）系動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：Theapplestastenice.蘋果嘗起來很好吃。（3）不定式在某些形容詞之后，且與主語有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如：Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.這個(gè)問題很難回答。（4）“have/get+賓語+過去分詞”這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)也表達(dá)了一種被動(dòng)的意思。如：Illhavethebikerepairedsoon.我將盡快請人修理這輛自行車。（5）在need后面，接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)的意思。如：Yourvegetablesneedwatering.你的蔬菜需要澆水了。,2,被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法,1.不知道或沒有必要說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰。如：Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.昨天晚上一些新電腦被偷了。2.強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。如：Thehomeworkmustbehandedinontime.家庭作業(yè)必須按時(shí)交上來。,考點(diǎn)小練,1.You(give)anotherdaytomakeyourowndecision.,2.DuringtheSpringFestival,papercuttings(put)onwindows,doorsandwalls.,3.ChineseNewYear(call)theSpringFestival.Peopleofteneatdumplings.,willbegiven,areput,iscalled,3.說話或發(fā)表意見時(shí)，為了顯得客觀公正，也常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。常用句型：Itissaidthat據(jù)說；Itisreportedthat據(jù)報(bào)道；Itishopedthat希望；Itisbelievedthat人們相信；Itis(well)knownthat眾所周知,7.Wetostartatonce,orwewillmissthetrain.A.tellB.havetoldC.aretoldD.told,8.Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful,rubbishintotheriver.A.needntbethrownB.shouldntbethrownC.needntthrowD.shouldntthrow,9.AwonderfulEnglishspeechcontestintheschoolhallnextMonday.A.begivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.willgive,C,B,C,4.Sorry,youcanttakethisseat.It(take).,5.Youshouldtryyourbesttomakesurethattheplant(water)onceadayifyouwantittogrowwell.,6.Manyhousesbytheearthquakeandthousandsofpeoplebecamehomeless.A.damagedB.weredamagedC.weredamagingD.aredamaged,wastaken,iswatered,B,