專題十動詞的時態(tài),青海五年中考命題規(guī)律及趨勢編者按：動詞時態(tài)是青海中考必考點，主要涉及過去進行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、一般過去時和一般將來時。其中過去進行時考查頻率最高，其次為現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時。以單項選擇中考查時態(tài)的用法居多。所以，考生要重點掌握六種時態(tài)的基本用法和構(gòu)成，也要掌握時態(tài)的判斷方法。尤其是現(xiàn)在完成時的用法，重點掌握現(xiàn)在完成時的結(jié)構(gòu)和現(xiàn)在完成時中持續(xù)性動詞與非持續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換。第一節(jié)時態(tài)的基本構(gòu)成,青海中考重難點突破【滿分點撥】1動詞的五種基本形式變化表英語動詞有五種基本形式，即動詞原形、第三人稱單數(shù)(現(xiàn)在式)、過去式、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。形式構(gòu)成例詞動詞原形沒有經(jīng)過任何變形，就是詞典中一般給出的形式。be，do，have，come第三人稱單數(shù)一般在動詞原形后直接加s。workworksreadreads以s，o，x，z，sh，ch結(jié)尾的動詞，后加es。gogoeswashwashes以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞，應將y改為i再加es。flyfliesstudystudies過去式與過去分詞一般在動詞原形后直接加ed。workworkedstaystayed在以e結(jié)尾的動詞后只加d。closeclosedlikeliked以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞，應將y改為i再加ed。studystudiedcarrycarried以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞，雙寫此輔音字母再加ed。stopstoppedplanplanned續(xù)表形式構(gòu)成例詞現(xiàn)在分詞一般在動詞原形后直接加ing。sleepsleepingwaitwaiting以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞，去e再加ing。smilesmilingmovemoving以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞，雙寫此輔音字母再加ing。sitsittingdigdiggingplanplanning少數(shù)以ie結(jié)尾的動詞，變ie為y，再加ing。diedyinglielying常見的短暫性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換短暫性動詞延續(xù)性動詞have closed/openedhave been closed/openhave diedhave been deadhave lefthave been awayhave begun/startedhave been onhave finished/endedhave been overhave becomehave beenhave borrowedhave kepthave boughthave hadhave joinedhave been a member of/have been inhave left sp.have been away from sp.have fallen asleephave been asleephave put onhave wornhave caught/got a coldhave had a coldhave got to knowhave known.常見六種時態(tài)的構(gòu)成及用法種類意義構(gòu)成特點時間標志詞例句備注一般現(xiàn)在時1.現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常性或習慣性動作；2.目前的狀態(tài)；3.客觀真理。be用am/is/are；主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，作謂語的行為動詞詞尾加s/es；其他人稱和數(shù)用動詞原形。often，sometimes，usually，always，twice a month，on Sundays，every week/month/year(every系列)He usually leaves for school at 7 in the morning.他經(jīng)常早上7點去學校。The moon moves around the earth.月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。一般過去時1.過去發(fā)生的動作；2.過去存在的狀態(tài)。be用was/were；其他動詞用過去式。just now， ago，in 1980，last night/week/month(last系列)，this morning，yesterday，the other day，used toWe went to the History Museum last Monday.上周一我們?nèi)チ藲v史博物館。I was busy yesterday.我昨天很忙。一般將來時1.將來發(fā)生的動作；2.將來存在的狀態(tài)。1.助動詞will(shall)動詞原形；2.am/is/are going to動詞原形。tomorrow，from now on，soon，in the future，next year/week/month/term(next系列)I will meet you at the school gate tomorrow.明天早上我將在校門口見你。Ill be 15 next week.下周我就15歲了。在時間和條件狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時?，F(xiàn)在進行時說話時或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作。am/is/are動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。now，at present，at the moment，look，listenThe telephone is ringing.Could you answer it，please？電話響了，你可以接聽一下嗎？表示位置移動或狀態(tài)變化的動詞，如：come，go，leave等詞的現(xiàn)在進行時形式可表示將要發(fā)生的動作。過去進行時過去某一階段或某一時刻正在進行的動作。was/were動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。at 1：00 last night，at that moment，表示過去時間的狀語從句。I was reading when he came in.當他進來的時候，我正在讀書。He was always complaining about something.他總是抱怨一些事情。在復合句中，如果兩個動作同時發(fā)生，那么延續(xù)性動詞用過去進行時，短暫性動詞用一般過去時，通常在when或while引導的時間狀語從句中出現(xiàn)?，F(xiàn)在完成時1.到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成的動作；對現(xiàn)在還有影響；2.從過去開始延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。have/has動詞的過去分詞。yet，just，before，recently，once，already，lately，ever，never，since 1996，for ten yearsHe has only been to the Great Wall once.他去過長城一次。I have been in the Youth Volunteers for five years.我來到青年志愿者有五年了。1.since后面的從句用一般過去時，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時；2.短暫性動詞不與一段時間連用。如果要與一般時間連用必須換成延續(xù)性動詞。(見上表)考點搶測】( B )1.(2016武漢中考)Who is that lady?Shes Miss Green.She _ us music，and she is so good.AtaughtBteachesCwill teach Dis teaching( B )2.(2016北京中考)Where did you go last weekend?I _ to the Great Wall.Ago BwentCwill go Dhave gone( B )3.(2016上海中考)Last week Vivian _ a dress for her mother with her firstmonth salary.Abuy BboughtCwill buy Dwould buy( B )4.(2016河北中考)Oh no！I _ my book in the lab.Aleave BleftCwill leave Dwas leaving( B )5.(2016河南中考)There is someone knocking at the door.It must be the computer repairman.I _him to come to fix my computer.Acall Bhave calledCcalled Dwill call( C )6.We make it a rule that each of us_the bedroom one day a week.Ahas cleanedBhave cleanedCcleans( C )7.Mr.Green，a famous writer，_ our school next week.Avisited BvisitsCwill visit( C )8.The last time I_to the cinema was two years ago.Ago Bhave goneCwent( C )9.Look，some people_photos on the beach.Atook BtakesCare taking( B )10.My brother_books at that moment.Aread Bwas readingCwill read( C )11.(2016青海中考模擬)I_Mr.Smith since he moved to Shanghai.Adidnt hear fromBdont hear fromChavent heard from