Threatened Polar Bears,On Thin Ice The Arctic territory where polar bears roam is literally melting out from under them. By Felicity Barringer and Andrew C. Revkin,The Interior Department proposed to designate polar bears as a threatened species, saying that the accelerating loss of the Arctic ice that is the bears hunting platform has led biologists to believe that bear populations will decline, perhaps sharply, in the coming decades. The Interior Department:內(nèi)政部 Propose: v propose to someone 向某人求婚 propose a toast 敬酒；舉杯 propose to do 建議做. proposal n. 提議，建議；求婚,The Interior Department proposed to designate polar bears as a threatened species, saying that the accelerating loss of the Arctic ice that is the bears hunting platform has led biologists to believe that bear populations will decline, perhaps sharply, in the coming decades. designate: vt. 指定；指派；標(biāo)出；把定名為 adj. 指定的；選定的 designate A as B: 指定A為B accelerate: vt 加速 accelerate economic/economical speed Arctic：北極圈;北極的 Antarctic sharply：急劇地,The Interior Department proposed to designate polar bears as a threatened species, saying that the accelerating loss of the Arctic ice that is the bears hunting platform has led biologists to believe that bear populations will decline, perhaps sharply, in the coming decades. 非謂語 The students went out of the hall, smiling and speaking.,The Interior Department proposed to designate polar bears as a threatened species, saying that the accelerating loss of the Arctic ice that is the bears hunting platform has led biologists to believe that bear populations will decline, perhaps sharply, in the coming decades. The Interior Department proposed to designate polar bears as a threatened species-主句 Saying：非謂語 Saying that the accelerating loss of the Arctic ice that is the bears hunting platform has led biologists to believe that bear populations will decline, perhaps sharply, in the coming decades. (that 引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作say的賓語) the accelerating loss of the Arctic ice that is the bears hunting platform （that 引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾the accelerating loss of the Arctic ice） the accelerating loss of the Arctic ice (that is the bears hunting platform) has led biologists to believe that bear populations will decline, perhaps sharply, in the coming decades. (that 引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作believe的賓語),Many experts on the Arctic say that global warming is causing the ice to melt and that the warming is at least partly the result of the atmospheric buildup of heat-trapping gasses from tailpipes and smokestacks./ The plight of the polar bear has been held up by the environmentalists as a symbol of global warming caused by humans.,Many experts on the Arctic say that global warming is causing the ice to melt and that the warming is at least partly the result of the atmospheric buildup of heat-trapping gasses from tailpipes and smokestacks. cause: vt.引起 n. 原因reason The earthquake causes financial problem. cause sb/sth to do sth partly: 部分地，在一定程度上 atmospheric：大氣的 atmosphere heat-trapping：吸熱的 decision-making:,Many experts on the Arctic say that global warming is causing the ice to melt and that the warming is at least partly the result of the atmospheric buildup of heat-trapping gasses from tailpipes and smokestacks. 主句：Many experts on the Arctic say that global warming is causing the ice to melt and (并列兩個that 賓語從句，在賓語從句中，第一個that可以省，第二個that不可以省) that the warming is at least partly the result of the atmospheric buildup of heat-trapping gasses from tailpipes and smokestacks. ( 2個that 引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作say的賓語),The plight of the polar bear has been held up by the environmentalists as a symbol of global warming caused by humans. hold up: 提出 a symbol of global warming that/which is caused by humans. This class will continue to discuss the issue (which is) proposed by Smith.,Polar bears are dependent on sea ice as a platform for hunting seals, and as a pathway to coastal areas. The ice shrinkage has meant that polar bears, which are strong swimmers, have had to cover longer distances between ice and land.,Polar bears are dependent on sea ice as a platform for hunting seals, and as a pathway to coastal areas. be dependent on sb./sth. 依靠某人、某事 Be independent of sb/ sth. 不依靠 depend on coast coastal Australia is a costal country. Polar bears are dependent on sea ice as a platform for hunting seals, and (并列兩個as) as a pathway to coastal areas.,The ice shrinkage has meant that polar bears, which are strong swimmers, have had to cover longer distances between ice and land. shrink: 收縮，縮小 shrinkage：n Woolen fabrics(纖維) shrink in the wash. mean, meant, meant mean: vt 意味 what do you mean by saying that? vi 打算 mean to do sth. The ice shrinkage has meant that (that 引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作mean的賓語) which are strong swimmers（非限定性定語從句修飾polar bears） polar bears have had to cover longer distances between ice and land.,They have survived previous Arctic warming periods, including the last warm stretch between ice ages some 130,000 years ago, but some climate experts predict that nothing in the species history is likely to match the pace and extent of warming and ice retreats projected in this century and beyond, should emissions of heat-trapping gasses continue unabated. survive ：vt. 幸存；生還；幸免于；比.活得長 The old lady survived her four children. In the traffic accident, only 9 passengers survived. previous：之前的 previous study Ex-boyfriend/ girlfriend/ wife/ husband retreat:撤退，向后退 abate：減輕，減少 Abated: Unabated:,They have survived previous Arctic warming periods, including the last warm stretch between ice ages some 130,000 years ago, but some climate experts predict that nothing in the species history is likely to match the pace and extent of warming and ice retreats (which are) projected in this century and beyond, should emissions of heat-trapping gasses continue unabated.,虛擬條件句的從句部分含有were, should, 或had時, 可省略if，再把were, should或had 移到從句的句首，實(shí)行倒裝。例如： If they were here now, they could help us. = Were they here now, they could help us. If you had come earlier, you would have met him. = Had you come earlier, you would have met him. If it should rain, the crops would be saved. =Should it rain, the crops would be saved. 注意：在虛擬語氣的從句中，動詞be的過去時態(tài)一律用“were“，不用was，即在從句中be用were代替。例如： If I were you, I would go to look for him. If he were here, everything would be all right. _ to do the work, I should do it some other day. A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I,but 表轉(zhuǎn)折，并列前后兩個句子。 They have survived previous Arctic warming periods, including the last warm stretch between ice ages some 130,000 years ago. 主句- They have survived previous Arctic warming periods, 介詞短語- including the last warm stretch between ice ages some 130,000 years ago.,but some climate experts predict that (that 引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作predict的賓語) nothing (in the species history )is likely to match the pace and extent of warming and ice retreats projected in this century and beyond, the pace and extent of warming and ice retreats (which are) projected in this century and beyond, (1)should emissions of heat-trapping gasses continue unabated. (2)If emissions of heat-trapping gasses should continue unabated, (3)If emissions of heat-trapping gasses should continue unabated, nothing in the species history is likely to match the pace and extent of warming and ice retreats projected in this century and beyond.,The latest assessment of the species for the international Conservation Union, by a group of experts including Fish and Wildlife Service biologists, did include such activity in a list of threats, including oil and gas activity, toxic contaminants, shipping and recreational viewing. assess: vt.評價 assessment n. Conservation：保存 保護(hù) 主干：The latest assessment of the species did include such activity in a list of threats. do+動詞原形表強(qiáng)調(diào)，如果是過去時用did，如果是第三人稱單數(shù)，用does。 Do be careful with that vase! 務(wù)必小心那個花瓶! Do come with us.,