名詞性從句補(bǔ)充整合及補(bǔ)充5+3P93-94的一. 名詞性從句的分類(lèi)和特征；二. 名詞性從句的連接詞，得如下內(nèi)容：(一) that: I. 總特征：后跟完整陳述句, that在句中無(wú)詞義，只起連接作用II. 在各類(lèi)從句中的運(yùn)用：1. 在賓語(yǔ)從句中的使用注意點(diǎn)(1) that引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，一般情況可省She sensed (that) she was being watched by a tall man.(2) 若主句動(dòng)詞后有兩個(gè)或以上的賓語(yǔ)從句，除第一個(gè)that外，其余均不可省。(3) 若有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),可用it作形式賓語(yǔ),把真正的賓語(yǔ)放在補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)后面，這時(shí)that不省We think it highly probable that he is dead. (4)有些表語(yǔ)形容詞后可以帶賓語(yǔ)從句:（常見(jiàn)的有：afraid, sure, pleased, glad）I am not sure that he will pass the exam. (5) 不能跟賓語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞后面需要從句時(shí), 必須讓it先行,常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有enjoy, like, dislike, resent, hate, take , help, appreciate I take it that you dont agree with me.I hate it when I have to speak French on the phone.(6) that從句一般不用在介詞后面的，能跟that從句的介詞只有except, in, but, besides少數(shù)幾個(gè)，其中except，in最常見(jiàn)這時(shí)that一般不省 其他介詞后面需要用that從句時(shí), 必須讓it 先行He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading.Please see to it that you bring enough money.2. 在主語(yǔ)從句中的使用注意點(diǎn)(1) that從句位于句首時(shí)，that一定不省That we are invited to a concert this evening is good news to us.(2) that從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把that從句放后，這時(shí)that可省,常見(jiàn)的句型有： It is + adj + that從句，其中It is + adj. ( strange, necessary, important,vital, essential, desirable, appropriate, natural)+that從句，主語(yǔ)從句得用虛擬語(yǔ)氣(should )+ V 原形It is certain that we will do well in the exam.It is important that we should learn English well. It is + n. + that從句It is a pity that we cant go. It is +pp + that從句，其中It is suggested（建議）/ recommended/ordered+ that從句，主語(yǔ)從句得用虛擬語(yǔ)氣(should )+ V 原形Its said that he has gone abroad. It is suggested that he finish it this week. It happens that-從句. sb/sth+ happen to do.碰巧.It happened that he was covering the event.= He happened to be covering the event. It occurs (to sb) that-從句被想到, 出現(xiàn)在頭腦里邊It occurred (to him) that his wife was doing something stupid. It doesnt matter (to sb )that-從句It didnt matter (to me )that the weather was bad.3. 在表語(yǔ)從句中的使用注意點(diǎn)在表語(yǔ)從句中，that一般情況不省It appeared /seemed/turned out that the meeting was a great success. The reason why he was late was that he got up late.My suggestion is that we should carry it out at once. (注意用虛擬語(yǔ)氣)4. 在同位語(yǔ)從句中的使用注意點(diǎn)同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容, that一般情況不省There is no doubt that he will come.Word came that our team had won.There is no possibility that he will come.The suggestion that he should not go there is of great value. (注意用虛擬語(yǔ)氣)(二) whether/if I. 總特征：有詞義：是否 從句都要用陳述句語(yǔ)序, 注意主從句時(shí)態(tài)搭配要合理諧調(diào)II. 在各類(lèi)從句中的運(yùn)用：1. 在賓語(yǔ)從句中的使用注意點(diǎn)(1) 作動(dòng)賓時(shí)，用whether和if均可；作介賓時(shí)，只能是whether She asked whether/if he would come this evening. It depends on whether the weather is fine. (2) discuss后用whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句We need to discuss whether we should go. (3)作動(dòng)賓時(shí)，whetheror not= ifor not; 但whether or not if or notI dont care whether/if he comes or not.= I dont care whether or not he comes. 2. 在主語(yǔ)從句中的使用注意點(diǎn)(1)主語(yǔ)從句位于句首,只能用whether,不能用if引導(dǎo)Whether they can take our advice is a question. (2)如用it作形式主語(yǔ)，那后置的真正的主語(yǔ)從句可用whether/if引導(dǎo),但還是whether常見(jiàn)It is a question whether/if they can tale our advice. (3) 如用it作形式主語(yǔ)，后置的真正的主語(yǔ)從句中含有表選擇意義的or時(shí)，必須用whether It remains to be seen whether this idea can be put into practice or not. 3. 在表語(yǔ)從句中的使用注意點(diǎn)只能用whether引導(dǎo)，不能用if 4. 在同位語(yǔ)從句中的使用注意點(diǎn)只能用whether引導(dǎo)，不能用if (三)as if/as though 見(jiàn)5+3P94-95 添加：看情況決定是用陳述還是虛擬語(yǔ)氣It looks as if it is going to rain. （陳述）She treated the girl as if she were her own daughter. (虛擬)(四) 連接代詞 I. 總特征：連接代詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)； 連接代詞在從句中有詞義, 是疑問(wèn)的詞義，根據(jù)其詞義來(lái)選擇用哪一個(gè)連接代詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句； 從句要用陳述句的語(yǔ)序; II. 在各類(lèi)從句中的使用：見(jiàn)5+3P95(五) 連接副詞 I. 總特征：連接副詞在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)； 連接副詞在從句中有詞義, 是疑問(wèn)的詞義，根據(jù)其詞義來(lái)選擇用哪一個(gè)連副詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句； 從句要用陳述句的語(yǔ)序; II. 在各類(lèi)從句中的使用：見(jiàn)5+3P95添加：(六) what/whatever.引導(dǎo)的名詞性關(guān)系從句I.總特征：這類(lèi)從句的連接詞都是陳述的語(yǔ)氣，沒(méi)有疑問(wèn)的色彩，what相當(dāng)于the thing(s) which/that, 意思為”所.的東西”，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)；where (的地方，在從句作狀語(yǔ))；when (的時(shí)候，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)) ，why(的原因,在從句中作狀語(yǔ)) whoever, whatever, whomever, whichever, 等特殊疑問(wèn)詞ever的詞，意為“ (任何的人/物=anyoneanything that.)”II. 在各類(lèi)從句中的使用： I can still remember when this used to be a small village. (賓從) Whichever book he bought would be paid for. (主從) This is where our problem lies. (表從) I gave the girl a big doll, exactly what she longed to have. (同位語(yǔ)從句) 易混易錯(cuò)一. that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別 見(jiàn)5+3P95二.名詞性從句的語(yǔ)序 見(jiàn)5+3P95三.who/whom與whoever/whomever的區(qū)別(1) who, whom 都是“誰(shuí)”的意思，表示疑問(wèn)，在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí), 在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)用who, 作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)用whom/who; Who has taken away my bag is unknown. (2)whoever, whomever是強(qiáng)語(yǔ)勢(shì)"無(wú)論誰(shuí)",不含有疑問(wèn)意味，在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí), 在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)用whoever, 作賓語(yǔ)是用whomever/whoever.You can give it to whomever/whoever you like.Whoever wants to see this film can go with us tonight.四. what/whatever與which/whichever的區(qū)別 見(jiàn)5+3P95 五. because, why引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句 見(jiàn)5+3P95 添加：Things are not always as they seem to be. （as: 像一樣；此句中的as不是“因?yàn)椤钡囊馑?，?dāng)as意為“因?yàn)椤睍r(shí)，不能引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句）添加：六. think, believe, expect, imagine, suppose 賓語(yǔ)從句 I dont think he is right. I dont think he is right, is he? You dont think he is right, do you? What do you think he is doing? Do think he is coming? Yes, I think so. No, I dont think so. / No I think not. 注意：I hope/am afraid/guess so. I hope/am afraid/guess not. 七. 比較不同句型 Jerry told us what/all that/ / all /all what he had seen abroad. It is known to all that China has joined the WTO. As is known to all, China has joined the WTO. What is known to all is that China has joined the WTO.八. 疑問(wèn)詞-ever , 即 whatever, whichever, whomever, whenever. 既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句 no matter+連接詞引導(dǎo)的從句I believe whatever he says.(此句不能用no matter what替換) 也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 = no matter+連接引導(dǎo)的從句Whatever he says, I will never believe him.= No matter what he says, I will never believe him. 九. whether 與 if 的區(qū)別總結(jié)相同點(diǎn):引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，whether/if都可用引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從時(shí)，whetheror not = if . or not 如用it作形式主語(yǔ)，那后置的真正的主語(yǔ)從句可用whether/if引導(dǎo),但還是whether常見(jiàn)不同點(diǎn)：在表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)從句中只能用whether主語(yǔ)從句位于句首,只能用whether,如用it作形式主語(yǔ)，后置的真正的主語(yǔ)從句中含有表選擇意義的or時(shí)，必須用whether 直接跟動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí),只用whether賓從中，后面緊跟or not 時(shí),只用whether在介詞后, 只用whether某些動(dòng)詞后（discuss/decide/depend）只用whether注意區(qū)別if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句。用 if 會(huì)引起歧義時(shí)，往往用 whether 表“是否”賓語(yǔ)從句為否定句時(shí)用if