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第二章　短文改錯 高考短文改錯題著重考查考生的語言基本功和正確使用英語進行表達的能力。此題型不僅要求考生牢固掌握一定的詞匯和語法知識，還要求考生具有一定的閱讀理解和邏輯推理能力。它是針對考生平時學習英語過程中，尤其是在寫作中常犯的錯誤而設(shè)計的，考生在平時寫作中常出現(xiàn)的錯誤是短文改錯考查的重點。 近兩年全國卷命題視角 項目 2016 2015 Ⅰ卷 Ⅱ卷 Ⅲ卷 Ⅰ卷 Ⅱ卷 考點分布 名詞 1 1 1 1 1 動詞 2 4 2 3 3 形容詞 0 0 2 2 0 副詞 1 0 1 0 2 代詞 1 3 2 1 1 連詞 2 1 0 1 0 介詞 1 0 1 1 1 冠詞 1 1 1 1 1 從句 1 0 0 0 1 類型 錯詞 8 8 8 8 8 少詞 1 1 1 1 1 多詞 1 1 1 1 1 [命題規(guī)律] 短文改錯通常從詞法、句法和行文邏輯三個角度設(shè)題，要求考生識別并糾正短文中的語言知識錯誤。短文改錯的錯誤類型有多詞、缺詞和錯詞三種，在文章的10個錯誤中，以錯詞設(shè)計為主導(dǎo)。 Passage 1 (2016全國Ⅰ卷)假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。 增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。 刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。 修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。 注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞； 2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。 My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.Though not very big，but the restaurant is popular in our area.It is always crowded with customers at meal times.Some people even had to wait outside.My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking.My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time.Instead，he hopes that our business will grow steady. 答案： My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to I live. Though not very big, the restaurant is popular in our area. It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people even to wait outside. My uncle tells me that the key to his success is . Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables high quality oil are for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in short period of time. Instead, he hopes that business will grow . Passage 2 (2016全國Ⅱ卷)假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。 增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。 刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。 修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。 注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞； 2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。 The summer holiday is coming.My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.We can chose between staying at home and take a trip.If we stay at home，it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money.But in that case，we will learn little about world.If we go on a trip abroad，we can broaden your view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books.Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.I thought that it is a good idea.It does not cost many，yet we can still learn a lot. 答案： The summer holiday is coming. My classmates and I are talking about to do during the holiday. We can between staying at home and a trip. If we stay at home，it is comfortable there is no need to spend money. But in that case, we will learn little about world. If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden view and gain we cannot get from books. Some classmates suggest we / go to places of interest nearby. I that it is a good idea.It does not cost ， yet we can still learn a lot. Passage 3 (2016全國Ⅲ卷)假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。 增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。 刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。 修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。 注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞； 2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。 The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.They were also the best and worse years in my life.At the first，I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself.However，my parents didnt seem to think such.They always tell me what to do and how to do it.At one time，I even felt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them.I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.Now I am leaving home to college.At last，I will be on my own，but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help. 答案： The teenage from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. They were also the best and years in my life. At first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by . However, my parents didnt seem to think . They always me what to do and how to do it. At one time，I even felt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be from them. I showed them I was independent by strange clothes. Now I am leaving home college. At last，I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help. 一、真題再現(xiàn) Passage 1 (2015全國Ⅰ卷)When I was a child，I hoped to live in the city.I think I would be happy there.Now I am living in a city，but I miss my home in countryside.There the air is clean or the mountains are green.Unfortunately，on the development of industrialization，the environment has been polluted.Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.Much rare animals are dying out.We must found ways to protect your environment.If we fail to do so，well live to regret it. 答案： When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. There the air is clean the mountains are green. Unfortunately, the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very problem. The we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. rare animals are dying out.We must ways to protect environment. If we fail to do so, well live to regret it. Passage 2 (2015全國Ⅱ卷) One day，little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.It was very crowded.Tony saw a toy on a shop window.He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop.After looks at the toy for some time，he turned around and found where his parents were missing.Tony was scared and begun to cry.A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop.Five minutes later，Tony saw parents.Mom said，“How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried.”Tony promised her that this would never happen again. 答案： One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his . It was very crowded. Tony saw a toy a shop window. He liked it so much that he quickly walked into the shop. After at the toy for some time, he turned around and found / his parents were missing.Tony was scared and to cry. A woman saw him crying and him to wait outside shop. Five minutes later，Tony saw parents. Mom said，“How nice to see you again! Dad and I were worried.”Tony promised her that this would never happen again. 二、提升演練 Passage 1 On the first day when I went to high school，I felt exciting.After 9 years study，I felt I was so closely to university.During the first year，I make many friends.I got to know all of my classmates.Because the school work was tough，I shared happiness and sorrow for my friends.When second year came，I was arranged to other class.I was worried that no one could talk to me，but I made new friends quickly.Now it is the last year of my high school life，but Im determined to study more harder and make greater progress.High school life is challenging for me，but I wont give out. 答案： On the first day when I went to high school, I felt . After 9 years study, I felt I was so to university. During the first year, I many friends. I got to know all of my classmates. the school work was tough, I shared happiness and sorrow my friends. When second year came, I was arranged to class. I was worried that no one could talk to me, but I made new friends quickly. Now it is the last year of my high school life， Im determined to study harder and make greater progress. High school life is challenging for me, but I wont give . Passage 2 Smile is a magic language that everyone can easily understand whenever he or she comes from.Smile is as the golden sunshine that brings warmth to people and makes him happy.Smile is shortest distance between people and it is a good way to show off friendliness to others.More important，smile conveyed a kind of positive energy to people.When you are happy，smile brightens your face.When you feel frustrating，you should also smile to cheer yourself up.Smile can give you confidences and make you strong.Smiling at the world and the world will smile back! 答案： Smile is a magic language that everyone can easily understand he or she comes from. Smile is the golden sunshine that brings warmth to people and makes happy. Smile is shortest distance between people and it is a good way to show friendliness to others. More ， smile a kind of positive energy to people. When you are happy, smile brightens your face. When you feel ，you should also smile to cheer yourself up.Smile can give you and make you strong. at the world and the world will smile back!