第一部分語法知識第一章語法填空語法填空題是在一篇200詞左右的短文中比較均勻地挖出10個空白，讓考生填入符合語境和語法的內(nèi)容，目的是考查學(xué)生理解語篇、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)及熟練運用語法知識的能力。試題分“有提示詞”和“無提示詞”兩種類型，以“實詞考查為主，虛詞考查為輔”，從詞法、句法、行文邏輯三個角度命題，試題難度一般。近兩年全國卷命題視角考點20162015卷卷卷卷卷時態(tài)和語態(tài)12221非謂語動詞21223從句的引導(dǎo)詞11111名詞22211形容詞(含比較級)01011副詞11111并列連詞00100助動詞00000冠詞11001介詞11111代詞10010命題規(guī)律試題本著“突出語境，重在運用”的原則，考查學(xué)生在真實語境中靈活運用所學(xué)詞法和語法知識的能力。無提示詞的題目主要考查“行文邏輯、冠詞、連詞、助動詞、介詞、引導(dǎo)詞”等，有提示詞的題目則主要考查“動詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞”等。Passage 1 (導(dǎo)學(xué)號 59430001)(2016全國卷)閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires，Asias biggest building，and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me，pandas are its top 61._ (attract)So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the notforprofit Panda Base，where ticket money helps pay for research.I 62._ (allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600acre centre.From tomorrow，I will be their UK ambassador.The title will be 63._ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.But my connection with pandas goes back 64._ my days on a TV show in the mid1980s, 65._ I was the first Western TV reporter 66._ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.My ambassadorial duties will include 67._ (introduce) British visitors to the 120plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.On my recent visit，I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by 68._ (it) mother.The nursery team switches him every few 69._ (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed, 70._ other is with mumshe never suspects.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。成都涌現(xiàn)出很多百萬富翁，亞洲最大的建筑以及豪華酒店，但這對于作者這樣的游客來說，熊貓才是那里的魅力所在。作者與熊貓結(jié)下了不解之緣，被邀請擔(dān)任成都熊貓基地在英國宣傳大熊貓的大使，以前做記者時，還拍攝過關(guān)愛熊貓的片子呢。61解析：考查名詞的用法。空格前有形容詞和物主代詞，因此要用其名詞形式。答案：attraction62解析：考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)語境及allow sb to do sth這一固定句式可知，此處要用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)形式。答案：was allowed63解析：考查副詞的用法。修飾謂語動詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用副詞形式。答案：officially64解析：考查固定短語。go back to為固定短語，意思是“回到，追溯到”。答案：to65解析：考查定語從句中關(guān)系副詞的用法。由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以判斷這是一個定語從句，先行詞是表示時間的in the mid1980s，從句中缺少狀語，因此填寫關(guān)系副詞when。答案：when66解析：考查過去分詞的用法。因為句中已有謂語動詞was，故此處要用非謂語動詞形式。因permit與reporter為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞。答案：permitted67解析：考查動名詞的用法。由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，introduce作謂語動詞include的賓語。而British visitors是introduce這一動作的承受者。故用動名詞形式。答案：introducing68解析：考查物主代詞的用法。根據(jù)空格后的名詞及前文中的“a lively threemonthold twin”可知要用形容詞性物主代詞。答案：its69解析：考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。few用來修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，故答案為days。答案：days70解析：考查固定搭配中冠詞的用法。由前文中的關(guān)鍵詞“twin”“one”可知這里考查one.the other.(一個另一個)的用法。故答案為the。答案：thePassage 2(導(dǎo)學(xué)號 59430002)(2016全國卷)閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work，you should take a step back and identify (識別) those of 41._ (great) and less importance.Then，handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of 42._ (achieve)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 43._ (be) often acceptable.Most of us are more focused 44._ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.So，get an early start and try to be as productive 45._ possible before lunch.This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.Recent 46._ (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 47._ (regular)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 48._ while，exercising，or doing something you enjoy.If you find something you love doing outside of the office，youll be less likely 49._ (bring) your work home.It could be anythinggardening，cooking，music，sportsbut whatever it is，50._ (make) sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.【語篇解讀】 這是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是當(dāng)我們在工作中感到壓力巨大時，應(yīng)該如何合理釋放這些壓力：優(yōu)先處理最重要的事情；上午多做工作；工作期間定期休息等。41解析：考查形容詞的比較級。根據(jù)后面的and less可知，此處也要用比較級形式。答案：greater42解析：考查名詞的用法。介詞of后要用名詞作賓語。固定表達a sense of achievement“成就感”。答案：achievement43解析：考查主謂一致和時態(tài)。本句的主語為動名詞短語leaving the less.，動名詞作主語謂語要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，且這里說的是一個客觀事實，故要用is。答案：is44解析：考查介詞的用法。很多人早晨的注意力要比晚些時候的注意力更集中。固定短語be focused on “專心于，集中于”。答案：on45解析：考查固定表達。正是因為人們早晨的注意力更為集中，所以我們要早起，并在午飯之前盡可能的高效。固定表達as.as possible“盡可能”。答案：as46解析：考查名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)后面的謂語動詞show可知，主語應(yīng)該是復(fù)數(shù)形式。答案：studies47解析：考查副詞的用法。如果我們定期休息的話。此處修飾動詞短語take short breaks，故要用副詞形式。答案：regularly48解析：考查不定冠詞的用法。讓你的身體和大腦休息一會。固定表達for a while“一會兒”。答案：a49解析：考查不定式的用法。固定表達be likely to do.“很可能做某事”。答案：to bring50解析：考查祈使句中的動詞。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為祈使句，故謂語要用動詞原形。答案：makePassage 3(2016全國卷)閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。In much of Asia，especially the socalled “rice bowl” cultures of China，Japan，Korea，61._ Vietnam，food is usually eaten with chopsticks.Chopsticks are usually two long，thin pieces of wood or bamboo.They can also be made of plastic，animal bone or metal.Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.Truly elegant chopsticks might 62._ (make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 63._ (create)special designs.The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years.People probably cooked their food in large pots, 64._ (use)twigs (樹枝) to remove it.Over time, 65._ the population grew，people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 66._ (gradual)turned into chopsticks.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 67._ lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC，influenced the 68._ (develop)of chopsticks.Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 69._ (be)too violent for use at the table.Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India，for example，most people traditionally eat 70._ their hands.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了亞洲一些國家中的吃飯工具筷子。61解析：考查連詞。China，Japan，Korea，Vietnam是并列關(guān)系。答案：and62解析：考查語態(tài)?？曜邮潜恢圃斓?。be made of“用制成”。答案：be made63解析：考查動詞不定式。動詞不定式作目的狀語。答案：to create64解析：考查分詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。答案：using65解析：考查連詞。as/when“當(dāng)時，隨著”。答案：as/when66解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處應(yīng)用副詞修飾動詞。答案：gradually67解析：考查定語從句。后面是非限制性定語從句，先行詞指人，故用who。答案：who68解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處應(yīng)用名詞作動詞的賓語。答案：development69解析：考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。and連接的并列句的主語都是knives，故填were。答案：were70解析：考查介詞。固定短語：with ones hands“用某人的手”。答案：with一、真題再現(xiàn)Passage 1(2015全國卷)Yangshuo，ChinaIt was raining lightly when I 61._ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didnt care.A few hours 62._，Id been at home in Hong Kong，with 63._ (it) choking smog.Here，the air was clean and fresh，even with the rain.Id skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64._ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65._ (painting)Instead，Id headed straight for Yangshuo.For those who fly to Guilin，its only an hour away 66._ car and offers all the scenery of the betterknown city.Yangshuo 67._ (be) really beautiful.A study of travelers 68._ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia.Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it 69._ (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people 70._ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.【語篇解讀】本文介紹了桂林的著名旅游景點陽朔。61解析：考查動詞時態(tài)。主句為過去進行時，因此when連接的時間狀語從句應(yīng)用一般過去時，故本空填arrived。答案：arrived62解析：考查副詞。本句為過去完成時，描述的是作者來陽朔之前的情況，因此填副詞before/earlier。答案：before/earlier63解析：考查代詞。這里指香港的污濁空氣，因此填物主代詞its“它的”，指香港的。答案：its64解析：考查定語從句。空處引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾先行詞“the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River”，且在從句中作主語，因此本空填關(guān)系代詞that/which。答案：that/which65解析：考查名詞。由前面的短語“so many”可知，本空應(yīng)填名詞復(fù)數(shù)paintings。答案：paintings66解析：考查固定搭配。從桂林乘車到這里僅用一個小時。by car“乘汽車”。答案：by67解析：考查動詞時態(tài)。本句描述陽朔景色之美，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時。答案：is68解析：考查非謂語動詞。空處為過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾“A study of travelers”。答案：conducted69解析：考查副詞。本空修飾動詞，應(yīng)填regularly。答案：regularly70解析：考查非謂語動詞?？仗幣c“people”之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語。答案：livingPassage 2(2015全國卷)The adobe dwellings (土坯房) 41._ ( build ) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 42._ most modern of architects and engineers.In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 43._ (able) to “air condition” a house without 44._ (use) electric equipment.Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 45._ (slow) during cool nights，thus warming the house.When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 46._ (cool) the house during the hot day; 47._ the same time，they warm up again for the night.This cycle 48._ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset (抵消) for the outside temperatures.As 49._(nature) architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 50._ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文，重點介紹了美國西南部的普韋布洛印第安人所建土坯房獨特的調(diào)節(jié)室溫的特點。41解析：考查過去分詞短語作定語。本句主語是The adobe dwellings，謂語是are admired，因此空白處不需要謂語動詞，應(yīng)用過去分詞短語作定語表示一個被動的、已完成的動作。答案：built 42解析：考查形容詞最高級的用法。形容詞最高級前用定冠詞the。答案：the43解析：考查詞類轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在句中作表語，且前有their修飾，故填名詞ability。答案：ability44解析：考查動名詞作賓語的用法。介詞without之后接動名詞作賓語。答案：using45解析：考查形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞的用法。修飾動詞應(yīng)用副詞。答案：slowly46解析：考查不定式短語作結(jié)果狀語的用法。這是enough to do句型，表示“足以”，不定式短語作結(jié)果狀語。答案：to cool47解析：考查介詞。at the same time表示“同時”，是固定搭配。答案：at48解析：考查動詞時態(tài)。結(jié)合語境可知，這里應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時表示現(xiàn)狀。主語為This cycle，故謂語動詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。答案：goes49解析：考查詞類轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾名詞應(yīng)用形容詞。答案：natural50解析：考查賓語從句。這里是賓語從句，修飾形容詞thick應(yīng)用副詞how。答案：how二、提升演練Passage 1One hot summer day，I bought a small boat when my family spent vacation 1._(enjoy) the beaches of beautiful Gulf shores.Both of my daughters played all day in the boat.Later the little one got 2._ (tire)Therefore，I took her to our spot on the sand as my elder girl continued to play in the boat.But the boat with my elder daughter in it was gradually moving far out from the shore.I called to her to come 3._ (close) to the shore and she seemed to be frightened.All she could do was to 4._ (paddle) hard to one side and the boat was just making small circles.I stood as far out in the water，shouting 5._ (instruct) to her. 6._ (fortunate)，some teenagers on a boat not far from her 7._ (notice) what was happening and started to head for her way immediately.Im not a good swimmer 8._ I determined to have a try.I continued swimming until I no longer knew or could feel that I had legs，but I always kept my eyes on her.Helped by the teenagers，I finally made my way back pulling her and calming her.Ive learned 9._ the experience that maybe we think we are not strong enough sometimes，but if we trust 10._ enough and take the first attempt，well have all the strength we need.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者帶著兩個女兒到海邊度假，不料大女兒乘坐的小船偏離海岸太遠了，她有些害怕。作者雖然不擅長游泳，但還是堅決地游向女兒并最終成功把她帶回了岸邊。作者從這次經(jīng)歷中認識到，盡管有時我們并不足夠強大，但是我們還是要相信自己，勇于去嘗試。1解析：spend time(in)doing sth為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“花時間做某事”，所以此處應(yīng)填enjoy的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，即enjoying。答案：enjoying2解析：get后面常接動詞的過去分詞形式作表語，表示“變得”，所以此處應(yīng)填tired。答案：tired3解析：根據(jù)語境可知，作者應(yīng)該是讓大女兒把船劃得離海岸近些，所以此處應(yīng)用close的比較級形式，即closer。答案：closer 4解析：在動詞不定式符號to后應(yīng)用動詞原形，且paddle和“she”之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，所以此處應(yīng)填paddle。答案：paddle 5解析：shout意為“大聲說出，喊”，是及物動詞，所以其后應(yīng)接名詞作賓語，故此處應(yīng)用instruct的名詞形式instruction；又因instruction表示“指令，指示”的含義時是可數(shù)名詞，由此結(jié)合語境可知，此處應(yīng)填名詞復(fù)數(shù)instructions。答案：instructions 6解析：空格處應(yīng)用副詞修飾整個句子“some teenagers.immediately”，所以此處應(yīng)填fortunate的副詞形式。答案：Fortunately