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第一部分　語(yǔ)法知識(shí) 第一章　語(yǔ)法填空 語(yǔ)法填空題是在一篇200詞左右的短文中比較均勻地挖出10個(gè)空白，讓考生填入符合語(yǔ)境和語(yǔ)法的內(nèi)容，目的是考查學(xué)生理解語(yǔ)篇、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)及熟練運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的能力。試題分“有提示詞”和“無(wú)提示詞”兩種類型，以“實(shí)詞考查為主，虛詞考查為輔”，從詞法、句法、行文邏輯三個(gè)角度命題，試題難度一般。 近兩年全國(guó)卷命題視角 考點(diǎn) 2016 2015 Ⅰ卷 Ⅱ卷 Ⅲ卷 Ⅰ卷 Ⅱ卷 時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) 1 2 2 2 1 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 2 1 2 2 3 從句的引導(dǎo)詞 1 1 1 1 1 名詞 2 2 2 1 1 形容詞(含比較級(jí)) 0 1 0 1 1 副詞 1 1 1 1 1 并列連詞 0 0 1 0 0 助動(dòng)詞 0 0 0 0 0 冠詞 1 1 0 0 1 介詞 1 1 1 1 1 代詞 1 0 0 1 0 [命題規(guī)律] 試題本著“突出語(yǔ)境，重在運(yùn)用”的原則，考查學(xué)生在真實(shí)語(yǔ)境中靈活運(yùn)用所學(xué)詞法和語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的能力。無(wú)提示詞的題目主要考查“行文邏輯、冠詞、連詞、助動(dòng)詞、介詞、引導(dǎo)詞”等，有提示詞的題目則主要考查“動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞”等。 Passage 1 (導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào) 59430001) (2016全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires，Asias biggest building，and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me，pandas are its top 61.________ (attract)． So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not－for－profit Panda Base，where ticket money helps pay for research.I 62.________ (allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600－acre centre.From tomorrow，I will be their UK ambassador.The title will be 63.________ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.But my connection with pandas goes back 64.________ my days on a TV show in the mid－1980s, 65.________ I was the first Western TV reporter 66.________ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.My ambassadorial duties will include 67.________ (introduce) British visitors to the 120－plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. On my recent visit，I held a lively three－month－old twin that had been rejected by 68.________ (it) mother.The nursery team switches him every few 69.________ (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle－fed, 70.________ other is with mum—she never suspects. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文。成都涌現(xiàn)出很多百萬(wàn)富翁，亞洲最大的建筑以及豪華酒店，但這對(duì)于作者這樣的游客來(lái)說(shuō)，熊貓才是那里的魅力所在。作者與熊貓結(jié)下了不解之緣，被邀請(qǐng)擔(dān)任成都熊貓基地在英國(guó)宣傳大熊貓的大使，以前做記者時(shí)，還拍攝過(guò)關(guān)愛(ài)熊貓的片子呢。 61．解析：考查名詞的用法?？崭袂坝行稳菰~和物主代詞，因此要用其名詞形式。 答案：attraction 62．解析：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及allow sb to do sth這一固定句式可知，此處要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。 答案：was allowed 63．解析：考查副詞的用法。修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用副詞形式。 答案：officially 64．解析：考查固定短語(yǔ)。go back to為固定短語(yǔ)，意思是“回到，追溯到”。 答案：to 65．解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系副詞的用法。由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以判斷這是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是表示時(shí)間的in the mid－1980s，從句中缺少狀語(yǔ)，因此填寫(xiě)關(guān)系副詞when。 答案：when 66．解析：考查過(guò)去分詞的用法。因?yàn)榫渲幸延兄^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞was，故此處要用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。因permit與reporter為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞。 答案：permitted 67．解析：考查動(dòng)名詞的用法。由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，introduce作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞include的賓語(yǔ)。而B(niǎo)ritish visitors是introduce這一動(dòng)作的承受者。故用動(dòng)名詞形式。 答案：introducing 68．解析：考查物主代詞的用法。根據(jù)空格后的名詞及前文中的“a lively three－month－old twin”可知要用形容詞性物主代詞。 答案：its 69．解析：考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。few用來(lái)修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，故答案為days。 答案：days 70．解析：考查固定搭配中冠詞的用法。由前文中的關(guān)鍵詞“twin”“one”可知這里考查one...the other...(一個(gè)……另一個(gè)……)的用法。故答案為the。 答案：the Passage 2(導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào) 59430002) (2016全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work，you should take a step back and identify (識(shí)別) those of 41.________ (great) and less importance.Then，handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of 42.________ (achieve)．Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 43.________ (be) often acceptable. Most of us are more focused 44.________ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.So，get an early start and try to be as productive 45.________ possible before lunch.This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished. Recent 46.________ (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 47.________ (regular)．Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 48.________ while，exercising，or doing something you enjoy. If you find something you love doing outside of the office，youll be less likely 49.________ (bring) your work home.It could be anything—gardening，cooking，music，sports—but whatever it is，50.________ (make) sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　 這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹的是當(dāng)我們?cè)诠ぷ髦懈械綁毫薮髸r(shí)，應(yīng)該如何合理釋放這些壓力：優(yōu)先處理最重要的事情；上午多做工作；工作期間定期休息等。 41．解析：考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。根據(jù)后面的and less可知，此處也要用比較級(jí)形式。 答案：greater 42．解析：考查名詞的用法。介詞of后要用名詞作賓語(yǔ)。固定表達(dá)a sense of achievement“成就感”。 答案：achievement 43．解析：考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。本句的主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)leaving the less...，動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，且這里說(shuō)的是一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)，故要用is。 答案：is 44．解析：考查介詞的用法。很多人早晨的注意力要比晚些時(shí)候的注意力更集中。固定短語(yǔ)be focused on “專心于，集中于”。 答案：on 45．解析：考查固定表達(dá)。正是因?yàn)槿藗冊(cè)绯康淖⒁饬Ω鼮榧?，所以我們要早起，并在午飯之前盡可能的高效。固定表達(dá)as...as possible“盡可能……”。 答案：as 46．解析：考查名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞show可知，主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是復(fù)數(shù)形式。 答案：studies 47．解析：考查副詞的用法。如果我們定期休息的話。此處修飾動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)take short breaks，故要用副詞形式。 答案：regularly 48．解析：考查不定冠詞的用法。讓你的身體和大腦休息一會(huì)。固定表達(dá)for a while“一會(huì)兒”。 答案：a 49．解析：考查不定式的用法。固定表達(dá)be likely to do...“很可能做某事”。 答案：to bring 50．解析：考查祈使句中的動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為祈使句，故謂語(yǔ)要用動(dòng)詞原形。 答案：make Passage 3 (2016全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 In much of Asia，especially the so－called “rice bowl” cultures of China，Japan，Korea，61.________ Vietnam，food is usually eaten with chopsticks. Chopsticks are usually two long，thin pieces of wood or bamboo.They can also be made of plastic，animal bone or metal.Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.Truly elegant chopsticks might 62.________ (make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 63.________ (create)special designs. The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years.People probably cooked their food in large pots, 64.________ (use)twigs (樹(shù)枝) to remove it.Over time, 65.________ the population grew，people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 66.________ (gradual)turned into chopsticks. Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 67.________ lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC，influenced the 68.________ (develop)of chopsticks.Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 69.________ (be)too violent for use at the table. Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India，for example，most people traditionally eat 70.________ their hands. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了亞洲一些國(guó)家中的吃飯工具——筷子。 61．解析：考查連詞。China，Japan，Korea，Vietnam是并列關(guān)系。 答案：and 62．解析：考查語(yǔ)態(tài)?？曜邮潜恢圃斓?。be made of“用……制成”。 答案：be made 63．解析：考查動(dòng)詞不定式。動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。 答案：to create 64．解析：考查分詞。現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。 答案：using 65．解析：考查連詞。as/when“當(dāng)……時(shí)，隨著……”。 答案：as/when 66．解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處應(yīng)用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞。 答案：gradually 67．解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。后面是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞指人，故用who。 答案：who 68．解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處應(yīng)用名詞作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。 答案：development 69．解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。and連接的并列句的主語(yǔ)都是knives，故填were。 答案：were 70．解析：考查介詞。固定短語(yǔ)：with ones hands“用某人的手”。 答案：with 一、真題再現(xiàn) Passage 1 (2015全國(guó)Ⅰ卷) Yangshuo，China It was raining lightly when I 61.________ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didnt care.A few hours 62.________，Id been at home in Hong Kong，with 63.________ (it) choking smog.Here，the air was clean and fresh，even with the rain. Id skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64.________ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65.________ (painting)．Instead，Id headed straight for Yangshuo.For those who fly to Guilin，its only an hour away 66.________ car and offers all the scenery of the better－known city. Yangshuo 67.________ (be) really beautiful.A study of travelers 68.________ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia.Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it 69.________ (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people 70.________ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文介紹了桂林的著名旅游景點(diǎn)陽(yáng)朔。 61．解析：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。主句為過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，因此when連接的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故本空填arrived。 答案：arrived 62．解析：考查副詞。本句為過(guò)去完成時(shí)，描述的是作者來(lái)陽(yáng)朔之前的情況，因此填副詞before/earlier。 答案：before/earlier 63．解析：考查代詞。這里指香港的污濁空氣，因此填物主代詞its“它的”，指香港的。 答案：its 64．解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句?？仗幰龑?dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞“the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River”，且在從句中作主語(yǔ)，因此本空填關(guān)系代詞that/which。 答案：that/which 65．解析：考查名詞。由前面的短語(yǔ)“so many”可知，本空應(yīng)填名詞復(fù)數(shù)paintings。 答案：paintings 66．解析：考查固定搭配。從桂林乘車到這里僅用一個(gè)小時(shí)。by car“乘汽車”。 答案：by 67．解析：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。本句描述陽(yáng)朔景色之美，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 答案：is 68．解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞?？仗帪檫^(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾“A study of travelers”。 答案：conducted 69．解析：考查副詞。本空修飾動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)填regularly。 答案：regularly 70．解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞?？仗幣c“people”之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)。 答案：living Passage 2 (2015全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)The adobe dwellings (土坯房) 41.________ ( build ) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 42.________ most modern of architects and engineers.In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 43.________ (able) to “air condition” a house without 44.________ (use) electric equipment.Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 45.________ (slow) during cool nights，thus warming the house.When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 46.________ (cool) the house during the hot day; 47.________ the same time，they warm up again for the night.This cycle 48.________ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset (抵消) for the outside temperatures.As 49.________(nature) architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 50.________ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　這是一篇說(shuō)明文，重點(diǎn)介紹了美國(guó)西南部的普韋布洛印第安人所建土坯房獨(dú)特的調(diào)節(jié)室溫的特點(diǎn)。 41．解析：考查過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)。本句主語(yǔ)是The adobe dwellings，謂語(yǔ)是are admired，因此空白處不需要謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的、已完成的動(dòng)作。 答案：built 42．解析：考查形容詞最高級(jí)的用法。形容詞最高級(jí)前用定冠詞the。 答案：the 43．解析：考查詞類轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在句中作表語(yǔ)，且前有their修飾，故填名詞ability。 答案：ability 44．解析：考查動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的用法。介詞without之后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。 答案：using 45．解析：考查形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞的用法。修飾動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用副詞。 答案：slowly 46．解析：考查不定式短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的用法。這是enough to do句型，表示“足以……”，不定式短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。 答案：to cool 47．解析：考查介詞。at the same time表示“同時(shí)”，是固定搭配。 答案：at 48．解析：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，這里應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)狀。主語(yǔ)為This cycle，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 答案：goes 49．解析：考查詞類轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾名詞應(yīng)用形容詞。 答案：natural 50．解析：考查賓語(yǔ)從句。這里是賓語(yǔ)從句，修飾形容詞thick應(yīng)用副詞how。 答案：how 二、提升演練 Passage 1 One hot summer day，I bought a small boat when my family spent vacation 1.________(enjoy) the beaches of beautiful Gulf shores.Both of my daughters played all day in the boat.Later the little one got 2.________ (tire)．Therefore，I took her to our spot on the sand as my elder girl continued to play in the boat.But the boat with my elder daughter in it was gradually moving far out from the shore.I called to her to come 3.________ (close) to the shore and she seemed to be frightened.All she could do was to 4.________ (paddle) hard to one side and the boat was just making small circles. I stood as far out in the water，shouting 5.________ (instruct) to her. 6.________ (fortunate)，some teenagers on a boat not far from her 7.________ (notice) what was happening and started to head for her way immediately. Im not a good swimmer 8.________ I determined to have a try.I continued swimming until I no longer knew or could feel that I had legs，but I always kept my eyes on her.Helped by the teenagers，I finally made my way back pulling her and calming her. Ive learned 9.________ the experience that maybe we think we are not strong enough sometimes，but if we trust 10.________ enough and take the first attempt，well have all the strength we need. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者帶著兩個(gè)女兒到海邊度假，不料大女兒乘坐的小船偏離海岸太遠(yuǎn)了，她有些害怕。作者雖然不擅長(zhǎng)游泳，但還是堅(jiān)決地游向女兒并最終成功把她帶回了岸邊。作者從這次經(jīng)歷中認(rèn)識(shí)到，盡管有時(shí)我們并不足夠強(qiáng)大，但是我們還是要相信自己，勇于去嘗試。 1．解析：spend time(in)doing sth為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“花時(shí)間做某事”，所以此處應(yīng)填enjoy的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，即enjoying。 答案：enjoying 2．解析：get后面常接動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞形式作表語(yǔ)，表示“變得……”，所以此處應(yīng)填tired。 答案：tired 3．解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，作者應(yīng)該是讓大女兒把船劃得離海岸近些，所以此處應(yīng)用close的比較級(jí)形式，即closer。 答案：closer 4．解析：在動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to后應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞原形，且paddle和“she”之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，所以此處應(yīng)填paddle。 答案：paddle 5．解析：shout意為“大聲說(shuō)出，喊”，是及物動(dòng)詞，所以其后應(yīng)接名詞作賓語(yǔ)，故此處應(yīng)用instruct的名詞形式instruction；又因instruction表示“指令，指示”的含義時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞，由此結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，此處應(yīng)填名詞復(fù)數(shù)instructions。 答案：instructions 6．解析：空格處應(yīng)用副詞修飾整個(gè)句子“some teenagers...immediately”，所以此處應(yīng)填fortunate的副詞形式。 答案：Fortunately