第二部分專項(xiàng)語法高效突破,專項(xiàng)1名詞,高頻考點(diǎn)精講,1.規(guī)則變化,考點(diǎn)1可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),【注意】有些名詞雖以s結(jié)尾，但它們不是復(fù)數(shù)。如：physics物理；maths數(shù)學(xué)；politics政治；news新聞。,2不規(guī)則變化,考點(diǎn)2不可數(shù)名詞,1.不可數(shù)名詞通常沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，前面不能用不定冠詞a/an限定。2可用much，alittle，alotof/lotsof，some，any，plentyof等修飾。如：Thereisalittlemilkinthebottle.在瓶子里有一點(diǎn)牛奶。3不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量表達(dá)法：基數(shù)詞/不定冠詞量詞of不可數(shù)名詞。如：aglassofwater一杯水；twopiecesofpaper兩張紙?！咀⒁狻坎豢蓴?shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞取決于of前面的名詞的數(shù)。如：Therearethreeglassesofmilkonthetable.桌子上有三杯牛奶。,考點(diǎn)3名詞所有格,名詞所有格是表示名詞之間的所有關(guān)系，有兩種表示形式，一種是在名詞后加s；另一種是用of，表示“的”。1s所有格,2.of所有格用來表示無生命的名詞所有格。如：themapofChina中國(guó)地圖；thedooroftheroom房間的門。3雙重所有格of名詞所有格。如：Heisafriendofmybrothers.他是我弟弟(哥哥)的一位朋友。of名詞性物主代詞。如：Issheadaughterofyours?她是你的一個(gè)女兒?jiǎn)幔?考點(diǎn)4名詞詞綴,英語中，有時(shí)一個(gè)名詞加上不同的前綴或后綴就可以變?yōu)樾稳菰~。如：sleep(睡覺)asleep(睡著的)sleepy(瞌睡的；困乏的)；help(幫助)helpful(有幫助的)等。常見的名詞變形容詞的方法有：,考點(diǎn)5名詞辨析,1.語境辨析分析臨沂近十年的單項(xiàng)填空可以看出，名詞辨析側(cè)重于對(duì)語境辨析的考查，同時(shí)減少對(duì)單復(fù)數(shù)和固定搭配的考查。學(xué)生在做題時(shí)，首先要讀懂句意，抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵信息，并分析各個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思，結(jié)合日常生活中的常識(shí)及語境，即可選出正確答案。如：我們口渴了就需要水(water)和飲料(tea，coffee，juice等)；餓了就需要食物(bread，rice，meat，noodles等)；我們郵寄東西就要去郵局(postoffice)等。,2近義詞辨析(1)house，family與home,(2)sound，noise與voice,(3)job與work,(4)problem與question兩個(gè)詞都表示“問題”。problem總是與“困難”相聯(lián)系，它可以指社會(huì)問題、教學(xué)問題，這種“問題”是“有待解決的”，與其搭配的動(dòng)詞是solve；question總是與“疑問；質(zhì)問；詢問”相聯(lián)系，這種“問題”是“有待回答的”，與其搭配的動(dòng)詞是answer。,十年真題全練,近十年來，臨沂中考對(duì)名詞的考查，主要考查的是名詞復(fù)數(shù)、名詞所有格及名詞詞綴。考查形式主要是單項(xiàng)填空、詞形轉(zhuǎn)換、聽寫等。預(yù)計(jì)2018年，可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)、名詞所有格和名詞詞綴仍是考查的重點(diǎn)。,考點(diǎn)1可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),1.2017臨沂，63Howlongdoesittakeyoutogettoschool?About20_bysubway.(minute)22016臨沂，57YoumayfindmostChinese_(kid)dontgetenoughexercise.32015臨沂，57Bytheendofthismonth，peopleinBeijingwillbeabletobrushtheir_(tooth)withwaterfromHubei.42014臨沂，58Everyoneknowsthat_(library)areplacesforpeopletostudy.,minutes,kids,teeth,libraries,52013臨沂，63Pleasefinishyourfood.Therearemanyhungry_(baby)intheworld，youknow.62011臨沂，73Asweknow，ZhangJiajieisfamousforthedifferent_(shape)ofmountains.72008臨沂，71Therearemanyfresh_(potato)inthesupermarket.82008臨沂，68Howdoyouknowthatautumnhasarrived?Onewayisthatthetree_(leaf)becomeyelloworred.,babies,shapes,potatoes,leaves,考點(diǎn)3名詞所有格,9.2015臨沂，19Ilivenearthestation.Itsonlyaboutfivewalk.AminutesBminuteCminutesDminutes102014臨沂，60Itissaidthat(tomorrow)sportsmeetinghasbeenputoffbecauseofthebadweather.112008臨沂，18Thisisnotmydictionary.Its_Shelentittomethismorning.AmysisterBmysistersCmysistersDmysisters,C,tomorrows,C,考點(diǎn)4名詞詞綴,12.2017臨沂，67MaryandTonyareapairofpetpigs.Thetwohaverecentlygotaspeciallicensesothattheir_(own)cantakethemforawalk.132016臨沂，62Schoolbus_(safe)isabigprobleminChina.142015臨沂，63Afterclass，childrenwentoutoftheirclassroomtoenjoythe_(warm)ofthesun.152014臨沂，62The_(win)ofthephotocompetitionwasa30yearoldmanfromShanghai.162013臨沂，64Theboyistooyoungtoknowthe_(dangerous)ofsmoking.,owner(s),safety,warmth,winner,danger,172013臨沂，65Nancywantstobecomea_(translate)whenshegrowsup.182012臨沂，71LiNaisanoutstandingtennis_(play)192011臨沂，74Davidisgoodatdrawingandhesgoingtobean_(art)whenhegrowsup.202010臨沂，72ThePalaceMuseumhasalarge_(collect)Peoplecanlearnalotinit.212008臨沂，67Xiaomengisapopular_(report)atCCTVStation.,translator,player,artist,collection,reporter,猜押預(yù)測(cè),一、單項(xiàng)填空1EachcoupleinChinacanhavetwo_fromJanuary1st，2016.AboyBgirlCchildrenDchild2Whatwouldyouliketoeat?Some_，please.AbreadBappleCcoffeeDtea3Whatwouldyoulikeforbreakfast?Idlike_AtomatonoodleBtomatonoodlesCtomatoesnoodleDtomatoesnoodles4Therearemany_aboutthisfarm.Yes，lotsof_areplantedonit.Aphoto；potatoBphotos；potatosCphotos；potatoesDphotoes；potatoes,C,A,B,C,5Itsabout_frommyschooltomyhouse.A20minuteswalkB20minuteswalkCwalkof20minutesD20minuteswalks6Your_isveryhelpful.IguessIlltakeit.AsecretBadviceCpromiseDpurpose7Great_forfootballloversmorethan50，000soccerschoolswillbebuiltinourcountrybytheendof2025.AnewsBmessageCsituationDinformation8HewasborninGermany，buthehasmadeChinahis_AfamilyBaddressChouseDhome,A,B,A,D,9Cathyhassuchagood_thatshewonmanyprizesinsingingcompetitionslastyear.AsleepBideaCvoiceDtime10Itshottoday.Havesome_，please.No，thanks.Imnotthirstyatall.AwaterBpotatoesCbreadDcakes二、詞形轉(zhuǎn)換用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，每空格限填一詞。1Howmany_haveyoubeento？(city)2Mygrandmaisinterestedintaking_withhermobilephone.(photo)3Moreactionmustbetakentostop_(pollute)4Thereresome_betweenthem.(different),C,A,cities,photos,pollution,differences,5Tonysfatheranduncleareboth_Theyhelpkeepthecitysafe.(policeman)6On_Day，Ioftenprepareaspecialgiftformyfather.(father)7Dickdecidedtolose_byeatinglessanddoingmoreexercise.(weigh)8Jimlaidoutthe_andforksatthelunchtable.(knife)9_grandparentsusuallyhaveawalkaroundthelakeinthemorning.(Kate)10ThisbookstoresellsmanyEnglish_.Youcanchoosewhatyoulike.(dictionary)11ItseasytotravelfromLinyitoBeijingbytakinghighspeedrailwaysoon.Yes.Maybeitsonlyfive_ride.(hour)12HaveyouheardofLinZexuandZhanTianyou?Ofcourse.Theyareournational_(hero),_policemen,Fathers,weight,knives,Kates,dictionaries,hours,heroes,