安徽專版,新課標(biāo)（RJ）,語法專題（十）非謂語動(dòng)詞,PARTTWO,第二篇語法突破篇,【中考考點(diǎn)】（1）動(dòng)詞不定式的用法。（2）動(dòng)名詞的用法。（3）現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的用法。,考點(diǎn)一動(dòng)詞不定式,構(gòu)成:to+動(dòng)詞原形,有時(shí)可省略to,to為不定式符號(hào)。其否定形式:not（+to）+動(dòng)詞原形。1.作主語常用it作形式主語,而將真正的主語（動(dòng)詞不定式）置于句末常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)為“Its+adj.（+for/ofsb.）+todosth.”。Toasktheteacherforhelpisnecessary.=Itisnecessarytoasktheteacherforhelp.向老師尋求幫助是必要的。,2.作賓語（1）后接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞或短語有want,try,decide,hope,need,wish,agree,expect,refuse,learn,remember,forget,wouldlike/love等。Ihopetherebeforedark.我希望天黑以前到那兒。（2）在think,find,make等動(dòng)詞后通常用it作形式賓語,而將真正的賓語（不定式）后置,構(gòu)成“主語+謂語+it（形式賓語）+賓補(bǔ)（形容詞/名詞）+不定式.”結(jié)構(gòu)。Ifounditdifficulttosolvetheproblem.我發(fā)現(xiàn)解決這個(gè)問題很難。,toget,3.作賓語補(bǔ)足語（1）后接帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞或短語有tell,ask,allow,want,wish,teach,warn,invite,wouldlike,encourage等。TheteachertoldusExercise1.老師告訴我們做練習(xí)一。（2）一些使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞也用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。這時(shí)不定式要省略to。這些動(dòng)詞有:一感（feel）、二聽（hear,listento）、三讓（let,make,have）、四看（lookat,see,watch,notice）。但這些動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),作補(bǔ)語的不定式必須補(bǔ)出to。Weoftenhearhersing.我們經(jīng)常聽見她唱歌。被動(dòng)語態(tài):Sheisoftenheardtosing.,todo,4.作狀語常見的狀語有目的狀語、原因狀語、結(jié)果狀語等。Mr.LeewillgotoHangzhoutovisittheWestLake.李先生將去杭州參觀西湖。（作目的狀語）5.作定語動(dòng)詞不定式作定語時(shí),放在被修飾的名詞的后面,作后置定語。若不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞,且與所修飾的詞之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,則不定式后面要加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。IdonthaveapartnertopracticeEnglishwith.我沒有一個(gè)一起練習(xí)英語的同伴。Ihadtofindaplacetolivein.我不得不找一個(gè)住的地方。,6.作表語Theirdutyistheanimals.他們的職責(zé)是照看動(dòng)物。7.“特殊疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞不定式可以和what,which,when,where,how等特殊疑問詞連用,構(gòu)成不定式短語,在句中作主語、賓語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語等。Hedoesntknow.他不知道要穿什么。（作賓語）,tolookafter/takecareof,whattowear,考點(diǎn)二動(dòng)名詞,動(dòng)名詞由“動(dòng)詞原形+-ing”構(gòu)成,但有不規(guī)則形式。動(dòng)名詞既有動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì),也有名詞的性質(zhì)。1.作主語動(dòng)名詞作主語和動(dòng)詞不定式作主語,在很多情況下可以通用。Playing/Toplaycomputergamestoomuchisbadforyoureyes.玩電腦游戲太多對(duì)你的眼睛有害。2.作賓語后常接動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞或短語有enjoy,finish,consider（考慮）,miss,keep,mind,practice,suggest,bebusy,feellike,giveup,canthelp,avoid,beusedto,beworth,beafraidof,beproudof,beinterestedin,cantstop,keep/stopfrom,lookforwardto,havedifficulty/problems/trouble（in）,havefun等。,【巧學(xué)妙記】后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞（短語）記憶口訣:完成實(shí)踐值得忙（finish,practice,beworth,bebusy）繼續(xù)習(xí)慣別放棄（keepon,beusedto,giveup）考慮建議不禁想（consider,suggest,canthelp,feellike）Haveyoufinishedthebook?你讀完這本書了嗎?,reading,3.作表語Thenursesjobisthepatients.護(hù)士的工作是照顧病人。4.作定語Ioftengotothe.我經(jīng)常去閱覽室。,lookingafter/takingcareof,readingroom,考點(diǎn)三分詞,分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種?，F(xiàn)在分詞（v.-ing）有主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行之意;過去分詞（v.-ed）有被動(dòng)、完成之意。1.作定語Chinaisacountry.Americaisacountry.中國(guó)是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家,美國(guó)是一個(gè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家。IknowtheboycalledLiMing.我認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)叫李明的男孩。2.作表語Thebookisinteresting.Iminterestedinit.這本書很有趣,我對(duì)它感興趣。,developing,developed,3.作賓語補(bǔ)足語Isawhergoingupstairs.我看見她正在上樓。Iwanttohavesomephotostaken.我想拍一些照片。4.作狀語Laughingandtalking,theywentintotheroom.他們有說有笑地進(jìn)了房間。,5.現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別（1）在語態(tài)上,現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng),過去分詞表示被動(dòng)。theflyingkite飛著的風(fēng)箏themovedpeople被感動(dòng)的人們（2）在時(shí)間上,現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。therisingsun正在升起的太陽therisensun升高的太陽,1.2018阜陽一模Ihaventdecidedwhenaholidayyet.A.tookB.takingC.totakeD.take2.2018蕪湖模擬ZhangLan,haveyoufinishedthebookHarryPotter?Yes,itsinteresting.A.readB.writeC.writingD.reading,1.Cdecidetodosth.決定去做某事,為固定搭配,故選C。,C,D,3.2018合肥二模Imtryingtosleep.Wouldyoumindthemusic?A.turndownB.turningdownC.toturndownD.toturningdown4.2018淮南Theywereaboutwhenitbegantorain.A.toleaveB.leavingC.leaveD.left5.2018蚌埠二模Whenweheardthegoodnews,wecouldnthelp.Weresoexcited.A.jumpB.tojumpC.jumpingD.jumped6.2018淮北二模Ourteachersawusonthedesksandwentoutoftheclassroom.A.tositB.satC.sitD.sitting,B,A,C,D,7.2018阜陽二模Welookforwardtoyouagain.A.meetingB.meetC.seeD.visit8.2018蚌埠二模Nancyspendshalfanhourthepianoeveryday.A.topracticeplayingB.practicingplayingC.practicingtoplayD.topracticetoplay9.2018蚌埠二模Imsorry,MissGreen.Ileftmymathbookathome.Itdoesntmatter.Pleaserememberitheretomorrow.A.takingB.totakeC.bringingD.tobring,A,B,D,10.2018潁上模擬Wewillbefreetomorrow,soIsuggestthehistorymuseum.A.tovisitB.visitingC.visitD.avisit11.2018合肥一模Heusedtoinasmallvillage,butnowhehasbeenusedtointhebigcity.A.live;livingB.live;liveC.living;livingD.living;live,10.Bsuggestdoingsth.建議做某事,后面跟動(dòng)名詞,故應(yīng)選B。,B,A,12.2018淮北二模Myhairgrowslong.Iwanttogetit.OK,Illgowithyou.A.cutB.tocutC.cuttingD.cuts13.2018淮北一模Didyoutalkbacktoyourmotherwhenyouwereachild?Yes.ButnowIrealizeIwaswrong.Ireallyregretthatsillythingtomymum.A.doB.todoC.doingD.did,A,C,14.2018馬鞍山一模WespendasmuchtimeaswecanEnglish.A.readB.toreadC.readingD.haveread,14.Cspendsometime/moneydoingsth.花時(shí)間/錢做某事,為固定搭配,故選C。,C,見Word資源語法專題10非謂語動(dòng)詞,