Lesson 21 Mad or not? 是不是瘋了 Why do people think the writer is mad? Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad. I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day. The airport was built years ago, but for some reason it could not be used then. Last year, however, it came into use. Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise. I am one of the few people left. Sometimes I think this house will be knocked down by a passing plane. I have been offered a large sum of money to go away, but I am determined to stay here. Everybody says I must be mad and they are probably right.參照譯文飛機(jī)正在逐漸把我逼瘋。我住在一種機(jī)場附近，過往飛機(jī)日夜不絕于耳。機(jī)場是許近年前建的，但由于某種因素當(dāng)時未能啟用。然而去年機(jī)場開始使用了。有100多人肯定是被噪音逼得已經(jīng)棄家遠(yuǎn)去，我是少數(shù)留下來的人中的一種。有時我覺得這房子就要被一架飛過的飛機(jī)撞倒。她們曾向我提供一大筆錢讓我搬走，但我決定留在這兒。人們都說我肯定是瘋了，也許她們說的是對的?！綨ew words and expressions】（4）1 mad mæd a.發(fā)瘋2 reason 'ri:zn n.因素3 sumsm n.量4 determined di't:mind a.堅定的，下決心的一單詞解說：mad  adj. 發(fā)瘋的be mad 發(fā)瘋，發(fā)狂 （強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)）go mad 發(fā)瘋，發(fā)狂 （強(qiáng)調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)變）drive sb mad 逼瘋/send sb madbe mad about sth 對瘋狂的，狂熱的/be mad on sthbe mad on football 對足球狂熱be mad on pop musicbe mad on jazzbe mad about/on sth/be crazy about 對著迷go mad 發(fā)瘋，發(fā)狂/go crazy/go insane in'sein(歌曲 “Right Here Waiting”中，”I slowly go insane”)the insane 精神病人go bananas  (sl.) become mad or angry, act very foolishly. 發(fā)瘋，發(fā)火，傻里傻氣go nuts 發(fā)瘋nut:  (sl.) foolish, eccentric or mad personmental patient 精神病患者mental hospital 精神病醫(yī)院like mad 拼命地，劇烈地，瘋狂地reason1) n. 因素reasonable  adj. 合情合理的，良好的，尚可的at a reasonable price 以合理的價格eg. The plane is in a reasonable condition. 飛機(jī)的狀態(tài)良好cause 導(dǎo)致某事發(fā)生的起因the cause of the fire 大火的起因eg. Smoking is one of the causes of lung cancer. 吸煙是肺癌的起因之一。reason1) n. 因素for this reason 由于這個因素for some resson 由于某個因素( some: 某一種，加可數(shù)名詞單數(shù))/for a certain reasongive a reason 提出理由the root reason 主線因素the reason is that 理由是the reason whyis that   的理由是eg. The reason why I study English is that I envy those who speak English well.   我學(xué)習(xí)英語的理由是我羨慕那些講英語較好的人。the reason for sth   理由eg. Whats the reason for your absence? 你缺席的理由是什么？the reason to do sth 做某事的理由eg. Is there any reason to go there? 有去那兒的理由嗎？2) 理性，正常心智eg. Only man has reason. 只有人類才有理性。lose ones reason 喪失理智beyond all reasons 毫無道理bring a person to reason 使（某人）明白道理，使不做糊涂事sum1)  n. 金額，款項a sum of money 一筆錢表“許多”的短語：a great many + pl.a number of + pl.a great number of + pl.a large number of + pl.a sum of (money)an amount of (money)a large sum of money 一大筆錢the sum of incomes 收入總計2) n. 大意，要旨the sum of a speech 演講大意sum up(1) 合計sum up all the expenses 把所有的耗費加起來(2) 總結(jié)，概括eg. To sum up, he agrees with us. 總的來說，她批準(zhǔn)我們的觀點。in sum = in a word / in short / in brief 總之，要言之determined  adj. 有決心的，堅定的determine  vt. 決定，擬定，影響determine a date for a meeting 擬定開會的日期eg. The environment determines ones character. 環(huán)境決定人的性格。determine on sth 決定做某事/determine to do stheg. We determined to study English hard. 我們決定要努力學(xué)習(xí)英語。eg. I am determined to stay here. 我決定留下來。eg. I am determinrd to succeed. 我下定決心一定要成功?！皼Q定做某事”的體現(xiàn)：determine to do sthmake up ones mind to do sthdecide to do sthmake a decision to do sth( decision  n.)be determined to do sthdetermination  n. 判斷力，決心a woman of determination 有判斷力的女人eg. He showed great determination. 她顯示了堅定的決心。二、核心句型Key Structures被動語態(tài)第十課中，我們對被動語態(tài)進(jìn)行了初步的解說，特別是一般過去時中的被動語態(tài)，本課我們講一般將來時，目前完畢時及含情態(tài)動詞句子的被動語態(tài)。l、一般將來時中的被動語態(tài)will/shall +be+過去分詞例： When will the road be opened to traffic?這條路什么時候開通？例： Your watch will be repaired. 你的表將被修理。2、目前完畢中時的被動語態(tài)have/has+十been+過去分詞例：My bag has been stolen. 我的包己經(jīng)被偷走了。例: This point has not been covered yet.這一點沒有被提到。3、含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)cancould be+過去分詞must be十過去分詞may/might be+過去分詞must have been+過去分詞例：Your watch can be repaired. 你的表可以被修理。例: He asked how the video could be operated.她間怎么樣來操作這臺DV機(jī)。例：This new car must be tested. 這輛車必須被檢查。例：Cars must not be parked here. 車不能被停在這。例：My bag must have been stolen. 我的包一定是被偷走了must have done想必是，一定是（對發(fā)生完的事情比較有把握的判斷）例： He must have gone. 她一定是走了。Exercises：改寫如下句子變成被動語態(tài)I will send a message immediately.我將立即發(fā)出這個消息去。A message will be sent immediately.一種消息將會立即被發(fā)出去。2. We must sell all these goods. 我們必須賣掉所有的貨品。一AII these goods must be sold. 所有的貨品必須被賣掉。3. I told you he would receive the parcel in time.她將及時的收到包裹。-+I told you the parcel would be received in time.包裹將被及時收到。He has to deliver the letter by hand.4. 她必須親手去送這封信。-The letter has to be delivered by hand.這封必須被親手送。5. They must have lost your letter in the post她們一定在郵寄過程中丟掉你的信。Your letter must have been lost in the post.你的信一定是被丟掉了。三、課文解說TextAeroplanes are slowly driving me mad.driveeg. He drives his car very badly. 她開車技術(shù)非常糟糕。eg. The farmer drove the cattle in the field. 那位農(nóng)夫把牛趕進(jìn)田里。eg. Our army drove the enemy back. 我們的軍隊把敵人趕回去了。eg. During the war, many people were driven out of their homes.戰(zhàn)爭期間，許多人被趕出家園。I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day(in fact the noise of passing planes can be heard night and day) （借喻）eg. I couldnt hear the actors. I couldnt hear the actors words.night and day/day and night表日夜The airport was built years ago, but for some reason it could not be used then. for some reason 由于某種因素some: 某種（個）+ 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)to some extent 在某種限度上in some way 在某種意義上someonesomebodysomethingeg. Some Mr. Wang wanted you on the phone. 一種王先生打電話找你。Last year, however, it came into use.come into use 投入使用（永無被動，物作主語）eg. When did this word come into common use? 這個詞什么時候廣泛使用的？eg. The airport came into use last year. 這個機(jī)場去年投入使用。go out of use 停止使用eg. The present phone boxes will go out of use next year. 既有的電話亭來年停止使用。Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise.over: more thanmust have done 對發(fā)生完的事情有把握的判斷must have been done （被動形式）I am one of the few people left.leftleave-left-leftleft作定語常放n.后eg. There is only 2 yuan left in my pocket. 我的口袋里只剩余2元錢。eg. There is nobody left in the room. 房間里一種人也沒有留下。Sometimes I think this house will be knocked down by the passing plane. sometimes 有時候sometime （過去或?qū)恚┠硶r候some time 一段時間some times 幾次，幾倍 （本博注：這是中國人的用法，地道的說法是：several times）有關(guān)knock的短語：knock at 敲knock at doorknock at windowknock off 下班；從碰下去；優(yōu)惠，折扣knock over 撞翻，打翻，撞倒knock down 撞倒knock out 打昏eg. Knock it off. 住手！；住口！Have been offered a large sum of money to go away, but l am determined to stay here.offer  vt. 提供，予以offer help 提供協(xié)助offer a sum of money 提供一筆錢offer a job 提供一份工作offer sb sthoffer sth to sbgive sb sthgive sth to sb被動 sb be given sth sb be offered stheg. He was given a job.eg. He was offered a job.被動 sth be given to sb sth be offered to sbeg. A job was given to him.eg. A job was offered to him.be determined to do sth 下定決心要做Everybody says I must be.mad and they are probably right.I must be mad 有把握的判斷eg. You must be hungry now.They are probably right. 她們也許是對的。They may be right. （也許性的判斷）They might be right. ( might比may更加委婉，對判斷的把握性更小某些)Special Difficulties:home and houseeg. After work I always go home. 下班后我總是回家。eg. I stay at home during the weekend. 周末我呆在家里。eg. There is no place like home. 沒有任何地方像家同樣。eg. They are building many new houses in our district. 她們正在我們這個區(qū)建大量的新居子。eg. Houses are very expensive. 住宅很昂貴。eg. I paid a lot of money for a new house. 我付一大筆錢買了一棟新居子。eg. House is a mans castle. 家是男人的城堡。eg. Thera is no place like home. 金窩銀窩不如自己的狗窩。eg. East or west, home is best. 不管東南西北，家最佳。homeland/ motherland/native land 祖國Exercises: 用house(s)或home填空1. It was raining heavily and I was glad to get home.2. The government plans to build thousands of houses next year.3. He is very rich. He owns a house in the country.四、 練習(xí)1. It couldn't be used then.It wasn't _ to use itA. able B. allowed C. impossible D. possible分析；D. 才干完畢句子，使這個句子同前一句含義接近；A. 可以，一般是人作主語；B. 容許，不符合題意；C，不是不也許的，與題意相反。2. Over a hundred people must have been driven away _ they were. A.I think B. I' m sure C. Certain D. Of course分析：B. 我確信，語調(diào)過為肯定，不表達(dá)推測：C. 是形容詞，表“肯定的，缺主語與謂語，不符合語法和題意：D. 固然，過于肯定，含義不夠精確：A. 我想，我覺得，表達(dá)推側(cè)。3. I am determined to stay here I _ stay here.A. am will to B. want to C. may D. am going to分析D. 表達(dá)“打算，準(zhǔn)備”的意思，更加接近前一句的I am determined to stay here;A. 不符合語法習(xí)慣；B. “想要”與“決定”含義有些差距；C. 可以留下來，詞義更加不接近。4. They carried out a lot of experiments to _ the speed of sound.A. decide B. determine C. detect D. devise 分析；A. 決定： B. 擬定，決定：C. 探測： D. 籌劃。六、補充練習(xí)量詞a shovelful of一鏟例： He put a shovelful of snow in Kate' s bed as a practical joke.她把一鏟雪放在凱特的床上，以此來開玩笑。a snatch of （尤指會話，歌曲等）半晌，片段，點滴例: He had a snatch of sleep sitting in this chair.她坐在這張椅子上小睡了一會兒。